Hungarian parliamentary election, 1920

Hungarian parliamentary election, 1920
All 164 seats in the Diet ; 83 seats needed for a majority
Turnout	88.4%
Prime Minister before election; Károly Huszár ; KNEP	Elected Prime Minister; Sándor Simonyi-Semadam ; KNEP

Last updated April 08, 2019

Parliamentary elections were held in Hungary on 25 and 26 January 1920.^[1] However, they were only held in 164 districts.^[2] After the Treaty of Trianon was signed, the 44 districts previously occupied by Romania voted between 13 June and 5 July, whilst the 11 districts occupied by Serbia did not vote until 30 and 31 October 1921.^[3] The election was held with compulsory voting. In protest at this and other changes to the franchise that left 60% of the voting age population unable to vote, the Hungarian Social Democratic Party boycotted the elections,^[4] and called for its supporters to cast invalid votes, resulting in an unusually high number of blank or invalid votes - 11.8% in the January elections and over 20% in Budapest and other major cities.^[1]

Hungary is a country in Central Europe. Spanning 93,030 square kilometres (35,920 sq mi) in the Carpathian Basin, it borders Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Austria to the northwest, Romania to the east, Serbia to the south, Croatia to the southwest, and Slovenia to the west. With about 10 million inhabitants, Hungary is a medium-sized member state of the European Union. The official language is Hungarian, which is the most widely spoken Uralic language in the world. Hungary's capital and largest city is Budapest. Other major urban areas include Debrecen, Szeged, Miskolc, Pécs and Győr.

The Treaty of Trianon was the peace agreement of 1920 that formally ended World War I between most of the Allies of World War I and the Kingdom of Hungary, the latter being one of the successor states to Austria-Hungary. The treaty regulated the status of an independent Hungarian state and defined its borders. It left Hungary as a landlocked state that covered 93,073 square kilometres (35,936 sq mi), only 28% of the 325,411 square kilometres (125,642 sq mi) that had constituted the pre-war Kingdom of Hungary. Its population was 7.6 million, only 36% of the pre-war kingdom's population of 20.9 million. The areas that were allocated to neighbouring countries in total had a majority of non-Hungarians but 31% of Hungarians were left outside of post-Trianon Hungary. Five of the pre-war kingdom's ten largest cities were drawn into other countries. The treaty limited Hungary's army to 35,000 officers and men, and the Austro-Hungarian Navy ceased to exist.

Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe. It borders the Black Sea to the southeast, Bulgaria to the south, Ukraine to the north, Hungary to the west, Serbia to the southwest, and Moldova to the east. It has a predominantly temperate-continental climate. With a total area of 238,397 square kilometres (92,046 sq mi), Romania is the 12th largest country and also the 7th most populous member state of the European Union, having almost 20 million inhabitants. Its capital and largest city is Bucharest, and other major urban areas include Cluj-Napoca, Timișoara, Iași, Constanța, Craiova, and Brașov.

The National Smallholders and Agricultural Labourers Party and the Christian National Union Party between them won 194 of the 219 seats, and formed a coalition government on 15 March.^[5] However, it lasted only until 4 June when the Treaty of Trianon was signed.^[5]

The Christian National Union Party was a political party in Hungary during the early 1920s.

Results

Party	January 1920			June/July 1920			October 1921			Total seats
Party	Votes^[a]	%	Seats	Votes^[b]	%	Seats	Votes^[c]	%	Seats	Total seats
National Smallholders and Agricultural Labourers Party ^[d]	491,114	42.3	78	113,696	73.3	29	32,358	43.3	5	112
Christian National Union Party	481,008	41.5	73	15,824	10.2	8	17,174	23.0	1	82
National Democratic Party	68,009	5.9	6	–	–	–	–	–	–	6
Christian Socialist Party	25,575	2.2	3	–	–	–	–	–	–	3
National Centre Party	16,200	1.4	0	–	–	–	–	–	–	0
Independence and '48 Party	14,928	1.3	0	–	–	–	–	–	–	0
Hungarian Public Interest Party	7,142	0.6	0	–	–	–	–	–	–	0
Christian Social and Economic Party	6,040	0.5	1	–	–	–	–	–	–	1
Christian National Party	4,756	0.4	0	1,098	0.7	2	507	0.7	0	2
Hungarian Workers' Party	2,119	0.2	0	1,652	1.1	1	–	–	–	1
Christian National '48 Party	1,087	0.1	0	–	–	–	–	–	–	0
National Defence Party	–	–	–	–	–	–	3,270	4.4	0	0
Christian Democratic Civic Party	–	–	–	–	–	–	2,522	3.4	0	0
Independents	42,119	3.6	3	22,931	14.8	4	18,829	25.2	5	12
Invalid/blank votes	155,580	–	–	4,881	–	–	1,716	–	–	–
Total	1,315,677	100	164	160,082	100	44	76,376	100	11	219
Registered voters/turnout	1,487,542	88.4	–	182,223	87.8	–	82,117	93.0	–	–
Source: Nohlen & Stöver

^a The number of votes for January 1920 elections is taken only from 83 of the 164 seats. In 37 of the remaining 81 seats there was only one candidate who was elected unopposed.^[6]

^b The number of votes is taken from only 13 of the 44 seats. In three of the remaining 31 seats there was only one candidate who was elected unopposed.^[6]

^c The number of votes is taken from only seven of the eleven seats. In one of the remaining four seats a candidate was elected unopposed.^[6]

^d The majority of candidates representing what would become the National Smallholders and Agricultural Labourers Party contested the election as Christian Smallholders or Christian National Smallholders, as the united party was not formed until January 1922.^[7]

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References

1 2 Dieter Nohlen & Phillip Stöver (2010) Elections in Europe: A data handbook, p899 ISBN 978-3-8329-5609-7
↑ Hubai László (2001) Magyarország XX. századi választási atlasza I., p21 ISBN 963-9082-74-0
↑ Nohlen & Stöver, p900
↑ Nohlen & Stöver, p875
1 2 Nohlen & Stöver, p876
1 2 3 Nohlen & Stöver, p915
↑ Nohlen & Stöver, p916

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[NS-1] 1 2 Dieter Nohlen & Phillip Stöver (2010) Elections in Europe: A data handbook, p899 ISBN 978-3-8329-5609-7

[2] Hubai László (2001) Magyarország XX. századi választási atlasza I., p21 ISBN 963-9082-74-0

[3] Nohlen & Stöver, p900

[4] Nohlen & Stöver, p875

[NS2-5] 1 2 Nohlen & Stöver, p876

[DN-6] 1 2 3 Nohlen & Stöver, p915

[7] Nohlen & Stöver, p916

[a]

[b]

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[d]