The glass frogs belong to the amphibian family Centrolenidae, native to the Central American Rainforests. The general background coloration of most glass frogs is primarily lime green, the abdominal skin of some members of this family is transparent and translucent, giving the glass frog its common name. The internal viscera, including the heart, liver, and gastrointestinal tract, are visible through the skin. When active their blood makes them visible; when sleeping most of the blood is concealed in the liver, hiding them. Glass frogs are arboreal, living mainly in trees, feeding on small insects and only coming out for mating season. Their transparency conceals them very effectively when sleeping on a green leaf, as they habitually do. However, climate change and habitat fragmentation has been threatening the survival rates of the family.
Amazophrynella minuta is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela. However, because of the poor description of new Amazophrynella species, it is not clear which old records refer to this species and which records refer to the new species.
Hyalinobatrachium aureoguttatum, also known as the Atrato Glass Frog and Sun Glassfrog, is a species of frog in the family Centrolenidae. It is found in northern Ecuador, Pacific lowlands and western slopes of the Cordillera Occidental in Colombia, and eastern Panama. It occurs from near sea level to 1,560 m (5,120 ft) asl.
Hyalinobatrachium chirripoi is a species of frog in the family Centrolenidae. It is found in extreme northern Ecuador, northwestern Colombia, Panama, and Costa Rica, as well as in Honduras. The specific name chirripoi refers to the Chirripó Indians inhabiting the area of the type locality, Suretka in the Talamanca canton of Costa Rica. The common name Suretka glass frog has been coined for it.
Vitreorana helenae is a species of frog in the family Centrolenidae. Two common names are sometimes used to refer to this species: Venezuelan glass frog and Helena's glass frog. In Spanish, it is locally known as ranita de cristal de Helena.
Hyalinobatrachium ibama is a species of frog in the family Centrolenidae. It is found in the Cordillera Oriental, Santander Department, Colombia, and in Barinas, Venezuela.
Hyalinobatrachium mondolfii is a species of frog in the family Centrolenidae from northern South America.
Hyalinobatrachium taylori is a species of frog in the family Centrolenidae. Its common name is Taylor's glass frog, and in Spanish, ranita de cristal de Taylor. It may represent at least two distinct species.
Hyalinobatrachium valerioi, sometimes known as the La Palma glass frog, is a species of frog in the family Centrolenidae. It is found in central Costa Rica and south to Panama and the Pacific lowlands and slopes of western Colombia and Ecuador; also in the Magdalena River Valley of Colombia.
Ameerega hahneli is a species of frog in the family Dendrobatidae. It is found in the Amazonian lowlands of Brazil, Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, French Guiana, and Suriname. It is named after Paul Hahnel, the collector of the type series.
The map tree frog is a species of frog in the family Hylidae found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, and Venezuela. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests, subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, moist savanna, subtropical or tropical seasonally wet or flooded lowland grassland, rivers, freshwater lakes, intermittent freshwater lakes, freshwater marshes, plantations, rural gardens, heavily degraded former forests, ponds, and aquaculture ponds. It was previously known as Hyla geographica. The name comes from the reticulated map-like patterns on its eyelids (palpebrum). The black tadpoles congregate in dense clusters in ponds or other calm waters.
The Manaus slender-legged tree frog, also known as the giant broad-headed tree frog, is a species of frog in the family Hylidae found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forest, subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest, moist savanna, rivers, intermittent freshwater marshes, and canals and ditches. It is threatened by habitat loss. It is also reported to produce bufotenin.
Scinax ruber is a species of frog in the family Hylidae which is known in English as the red snouted treefrog or red-snouted treefrog, sometimes also Allen's snouted treefrog, the latter referring to the now-synonymized Scinax alleni. This widespread species is found in much of Amazonian and northern coastal South America and into Panama, as well as in some Caribbean islands as introduced populations. It is a complex containing several cryptic species.
Sphaenorhynchus lacteus, the Orinoco lime treefrog or greater hatchet-faced treefrog, is a species of frog in the family Hylidae. It is a widely distributed species found in the Orinoco and Amazon basins in Venezuela, the Guianas, Colombia, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia. It also occurs in Trinidad and Tobago.
Adenomera andreae is a species of frog in the family Leptodactylidae.
Pristimantis inguinalis is a species of frog in the family Strabomantidae. It is found in Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, and northern Brazil. The type locality is New River, in the disputed area claimed by both Guyana and Suriname. Common names New River robber frog and New River South American rain frog have been coined for it.
Leptodactylus leptodactyloides is a species of frogs in the family Leptodactylidae. Its local name is sapito leptodactilo. It is found in the greater Amazon Basin and the Guianas. Leptodactylus leptodactyloides occurs in a range of habitats: savannas, open areas, forest edges, and secondary and primary lowland forest. Reproduction takes place in temporary waterbodies.
The Arrabal's Suriname toad is a species of frog in the family Pipidae found in Brazil, Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela, and possibly Peru. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, freshwater marshes, intermittent freshwater marshes, ponds, and canals and ditches. It is threatened by habitat loss.
The Rockstone poison dart frog is a poorly known species of dendrobatid frogs endemic to Guyana. As it is known from only one specimen, very little information is currently available on D. nubeculosus. It has been suggested to be one of the most poorly known species in the world.
Hyalinobatrachium cappellei is a species of frog in the family Centrolenidae. It is found in the Guianas and in parts of the Amazon Basin in Brazil. It was until recently (2011) considered to be a synonym of Hyalinobatrachium fleischmanni.
