Hydromyini

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Hydromyini
Temporal range: Late Miocene to Recent
Giant White-tailed Rat.jpg
Giant white-tailed rat (Uromys caudimaculatus)
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Rodentia
Family: Muridae
Subfamily: Murinae
Tribe: Hydromyini
Gray, 1825
Genera

See text

Synonyms

Chiropodomyini Pagès et al. 2015

Hydromyini is a very large, diverse tribe of muroid rodents in the subfamily Murinae. They are the dominant native rodents in Australasia and one of only two native rodent groups there, the other being the R. fuscipes group of the genus Rattus in the tribe Rattini. [1] They are also found in parts of Southeast Asia.

Contents

Taxonomy

They are thought to be relatively early offshoots from the Murinae, with only Rattini and Phloeomyini being more basal than them. They likely colonized New Guinea (then a part of Sahul) from either the Sunda Shelf or the Philippines during the late Miocene or early Pliocene, about 5 million years ago, and diversified extremely rapidly. From here, they colonized Australia about 2-3 million years ago, undergoing major adaptive radiation. [2]

Earlier taxonomists formerly split this group into three subfamilies (Hydromyinae, Pseudomyinae, and an unnamed "Old Papuan group"). Although all were later merged into the Murinae, they were still retained as multiple tribes (Anisomyini, Hydromyini, Uromyini, and Conilurini), with other taxonomists splitting them even further. However, a 2008 study found them to comprise a single group that had undergone a rapid diversification after colonizing Sahul, and thus placed them all into a single tribe, Hydromyini. [2]

The genus Chiropodomys (formerly placed in a polyphyletic division containing Micromys , Hapalomys , and Vandeleuria ) has been found to be the sister group to this tribe, but it has been debated over whether it belongs in its own tribe (Chiropodomyini) or is a basal member of the Hydromyini. The American Society of Mammalogists presently classifies it in Hydromyini. [3] [4] [5]

Although the name "Hydromyini" derives from the semiaquatic type genus Hydromys , which translates directly to "water mouse", only a few members of the tribe such as Hydromys and Xeromys are semiaquatic; the majority are terrestrial, and some such as Notomys are even specifically adapted to arid environments.

Distribution

Their center of diversity is in New Guinea, with a secondary one in Australia, but they also range east to the Solomon Islands and west to Borneo and the Philippines, and, if the genus Chiropodomys is included, as far west as northeast India. [4] Members of this tribe in New Guinea and Australia are referred to as the "Old Endemic rodents", to differentiate them from the native Rattus species from the tribe Rattini, which colonized the regions much more recently. [2]

Species

Species in the tribe include: [3] [4] [5]

Threats

In Australia, many members of this tribe have gone extinct very rapidly since the 19th century due to introduced predators and habitat alteration (such as development and fire suppression). Prominent examples include the white-footed rabbit rat (Conilurus albipes), lesser stick-nest rat (Leporillus apicalis), blue-grey mouse (Pseudomys glaucus) and over half the recent species in the genus Notomys , most of which likely went extinct during the late 19th or early 20th centuries; many other species have also seen significantly reduced populations or range reductions. Genetic studies indicate that many of these species had relatively high genetic diversity prior to European colonization, indicating that they were not suffering from inbreeding beforehand and that high genetic diversity does not shield species from extinctions. [6] Another species, the Bramble Cay melomys (Melomys rubicola), which went extinct in the early 2010s, was the first recorded extinction of an animal due to sea level rise. [7]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Oldfield Thomas</span> British mammalogist (1858–1929)

Michael Rogers Oldfield Thomas was a British zoologist.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Murinae</span> Subfamily of rodents

The Old World rats and mice, part of the subfamily Murinae in the family Muridae, comprise at least 519 species. Members of this subfamily are called murines. In terms of species richness, this subfamily is larger than all mammal families except the Cricetidae and Muridae, and is larger than all mammal orders except the bats and the remainder of the rodents.

The earless water rat is a New Guinea rodent, part of the Hydromys group of the subfamily of Old World rats and mice (Murinae). It is the only species of the genus Crossomys. This species is probably most closely related to Baiyankamys. It is still unclear to which species this group is related. It is one of the most aquatically adapted rodents of the world.

Chiropodomys is a genus of Old World rats and mice native to Southeast Asia and northeast India. They are tree-dwelling, very small mice, mostly found in tropical rainforest. In total six extant species have been identified, but only one of these, Chiropodomys gliroides, is common and widely distributed, and has been extensively studied.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Shrewlike rat</span> Genus of rodents

The shrewlike rats, genus Rhynchomys, also known as the tweezer-beaked rats are a group of unusual Old World rats found only on the island of Luzon in the Philippines. They look a great deal like shrews and are an example of convergent evolution. Shrewlike rats evolved to be vermivores (worm-eaters) and insectivores feeding on soft-bodied invertebrates associated with leaf litter.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Luzon montane forest mouse</span> Species of rodent

The Luzon montane forest mouse is a species of rodent in the family Muridae, from the genus Apomys. It occurs only in the Philippines, where it has been found on the large northern island Luzon. It is most closely related to the large Mindoro forest mouse, which occurs on Mindoro. There may be another related species in the Sierra Madre, but this species is yet undescribed. The Luzon montane forest mouse is a relatively large, ground-dwelling rat with a tail that is quite short for its genus.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Large Mindoro forest mouse</span> Species of rodent

The large Mindoro forest mouse is a species of rodent in the family Muridae, from the genus Apomys. It is found only in the Philippines. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests. It is a large mouse with large feet, a long tail and an elongated snout which is morphologically unique within its genus. It is covered in soft fur which is mostly dark brown in colour. Its closest relative is thought to be the Luzon montane forest mouse, based on genetic and morphological similarities.

German's one-toothed moss mouse is a species of rodent in the family Muridae which occurs in the mountains of southeastern New Guinea.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Central Range montane rain forests</span> Ecoregion in New Guinea

The Central Range montane rain forests is a tropical moist forest ecoregion on the island of New Guinea. The ecoregion covers the Central Range of the New Guinea Highlands, which extends along the spine of the island. The montane rain forests of the ecoregion are distinct from the surrounding lowland forests, and are home to many endemic plants and animals.

Danilo S. Balete, also known as Danny Balete, was a Filipino zoologist and biologist. His is known for his work on the Philippines' endemic mammal species. He pursued the question of what determines species diversity. The research by Balete and his team overturned previously held notions that diversity decreased in mountainous regions, showing that harsh environments could generate, rather than suppress, species diversity.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rattini</span>

Rattini is a very large, diverse tribe of muroid rodents in the subfamily Murinae. They are found throughout Asia and Australasia, with a few species ranging into Europe and northern Africa. The most well-known members of this group are the true rats, several species of which have been introduced worldwide.

References

  1. Prins, Herbert H. T.; Gordon, Iain J. (2014-01-23). Invasion Biology and Ecological Theory: Insights from a Continent in Transformation. Cambridge University Press. p. 198. ISBN   978-1-107-78297-6.
  2. 1 2 3 Rowe, Kevin C.; Reno, Michael L.; Richmond, Daniel M.; Adkins, Ronald M.; Steppan, Scott J. (April 2008). "Pliocene colonization and adaptive radiations in Australia and New Guinea (Sahul): Multilocus systematics of the old endemic rodents (Muroidea: Murinae)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 47 (1): 84–101. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2008.01.001. ISSN   1055-7903. PMID   18313945.
  3. 1 2 Pagès, Marie; Fabre, Pierre-Henri; Chaval, Yannick; Mortelliti, Alessio; Nicolas, Violaine; Wells, Konstans; Michaux, Johan R.; Lazzari, Vincent (2016). "Molecular phylogeny of South-East Asian arboreal murine rodents". Zoologica Scripta. 45 (4): 349–364. doi:10.1111/zsc.12161. ISSN   1463-6409. S2CID   86285898.
  4. 1 2 3 Database, Mammal Diversity (2021-11-06), Mammal Diversity Database, doi:10.5281/zenodo.5651212 , retrieved 2021-12-11
  5. 1 2 Rowe, Kevin C.; Achmadi, Anang S.; Fabre, Pierre-Henri; Schenk, John J.; Steppan, Scott J.; Esselstyn, Jacob A. (2019). "Oceanic islands of Wallacea as a source for dispersal and diversification of murine rodents". Journal of Biogeography. 46 (12): 2752–2768. doi:10.1111/jbi.13720. ISSN   1365-2699. S2CID   208583483.
  6. Roycroft, Emily; MacDonald, Anna J.; Moritz, Craig; Moussalli, Adnan; Miguez, Roberto Portela; Rowe, Kevin C. (2021-07-06). "Museum genomics reveals the rapid decline and extinction of Australian rodents since European settlement". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 118 (27): e2021390118. Bibcode:2021PNAS..11821390R. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2021390118 . ISSN   0027-8424. PMC   8271571 . PMID   34183409.
  7. Innis, Michelle (2016-06-14). "Australian Rodent Is First Mammal Made Extinct by Human-Driven Climate Change, Scientists Say". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved 2021-12-11.