The Muroidea are a large superfamily of rodents, including mice, rats, voles, hamsters, lemmings, gerbils, and many other relatives. Although the Muroidea originated in Eurasia, they occupy a vast variety of habitats on every continent except Antarctica. Some authorities have placed all members of this group into a single family, Muridae, due to difficulties in determining how the subfamilies are related to one another. Many of the families within the Muroidea superfamily have more variations between the families than between the different clades. A possible explanation for the variations in rodents is because of the location of these rodents; these changes could have been due to radiation or the overall environment they migrated to or originated in. The following taxonomy is based on recent well-supported molecular phylogenies.
The Old World rats and mice, part of the subfamily Murinae in the family Muridae, comprise at least 519 species. Members of this subfamily are called murines. In terms of species richness, this subfamily is larger than all mammal families except the Cricetidae and Muridae, and is larger than all mammal orders except the bats and the remainder of the rodents.
Chiruromys is a genus of Old World mouse that is restricted to New Guinea and the nearby islands of Goodenough, Fergusson, and Normanby.
The white-toothed brush mouse, also known as the white-toothed melomys or white-toothed mouse, is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is found only in West Papua, Indonesia. It is the only species in genus Brassomys. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests and subtropical or tropical dry lowland grassland.
Rümmler's brush mouse or Rümmler's mouse is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is found in Indonesia and Papua New Guinea. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montane forests and subtropical or tropical high-altitude grassland.
The African smoky mouse or smokey heimyscus is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is the only species in the genus Heimyscus.
Dieterlen's brush-furred mouse, Mt Oku brush-furred mouse, or Mount Oku brush-furred rat is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is endemic to Mount Oku, Cameroon. Its natural habitat is montane forest at elevations above 2,000 m (6,600 ft).
The New Guinean jumping mouse is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is found in West Papua, Indonesia and Papua New Guinea.
Mastomys is a genus of rodent in the family Muridae endemic to Africa. It contains eight species:
Musser's shrew mouse is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is found only in Papua New Guinea. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.
Pogonomelomys is a genus of rodent in the family Muridae endemic to New Guinea and nearby islands. It contains the following species:
Shaw Mayer's brush mouse is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is found in West Papua, Indonesia and Papua New Guinea.
The highland brush mouse, also known as the Menzies' mouse, is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is endemic to the New Guinea Highlands where it is found in montane moss forests and in alpine zones over 2,000 m. It is the only species in the genus Abeomelomys, although it has been placed in Pogonomelomys in the past.
Pogonomys is a genus of rodent in the family Muridae, found in New Guinea and the D'Entrecasteaux Islands, with one species being found also in Australia.
The large tree mouse is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is found on the island of New Guinea.
Pseudohydromys is a genus of rodents in the family Muridae endemic to New Guinea. It contains the following species:
Stenocephalemys is a genus of rodent in the family Muridae. The genus is endemic to Ethiopia.
German's one-toothed moss mouse is a species of rodent in the family Muridae which occurs in the mountains of southeastern New Guinea.
Coccymys kirrhos is a rodent in the family Muridae that is native to New Guinea. The species was described in 2009.
Coccymys shawmayeri is a rodent in the family of Muridae native to New Guinea. The species was described in 2009.
