The Muroidea are a large superfamily of rodents, including mice, rats, voles, hamsters, lemmings, gerbils, and many other relatives. Although the Muroidea originated in Eurasia, they occupy a vast variety of habitats on every continent except Antarctica. Some authorities have placed all members of this group into a single family, Muridae, due to difficulties in determining how the subfamilies are related to one another. Many of the families within the Muroidea superfamily have more variations between the families than between the different clades. A possible explanation for the variations in rodents is because of the location of these rodents; these changes could have been due to radiation or the overall environment they migrated to or originated in. The following taxonomy is based on recent well-supported molecular phylogenies.
The Old World rats and mice, part of the subfamily Murinae in the family Muridae, comprise at least 519 species. Members of this subfamily are called murines. In terms of species richness, this subfamily is larger than all mammal families except the Cricetidae and Muridae, and is larger than all mammal orders except the bats and the remainder of the rodents.
Apodemus is a genus of Muridae. The name is unrelated to that of the Mus genus, instead being derived from the Greek ἀπό-δημος.
Archboldomys, the shrew-mice, are a genus of rodents in the family Muridae. They are carnivores that feed on invertebrates much like shrews do. An apparently smaller relatives of the true shrew-rats Chrotomys and Rhynchomys, Archboldomys are somewhat convergent to the more distantly related Crunomys.
The white-toothed brush mouse, also known as the white-toothed melomys or white-toothed mouse, is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is found only in West Papua, Indonesia. It is the only species in genus Brassomys. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests and subtropical or tropical dry lowland grassland.
Rümmler's brush mouse or Rümmler's mouse is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is found in Indonesia and Papua New Guinea. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montane forests and subtropical or tropical high-altitude grassland.
The African smoky mouse or smokey heimyscus is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is the only species in the genus Heimyscus.
Mastomys is a genus of rodent in the family Muridae endemic to Africa. It contains eight species:
Musser's shrew mouse is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is found only in Papua New Guinea. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.
The lowland brush mouse is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is found in Indonesia on the island of Salawati and on the Vogelkop Peninsula in Papua Province, Indonesia.
Pogonomelomys is a genus of rodent in the family Muridae endemic to New Guinea and nearby islands. It contains the following species:
Shaw Mayer's brush mouse is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is found in West Papua, Indonesia and Papua New Guinea.
The highland brush mouse, also known as the Menzies' mouse, is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is endemic to Papua New Guinea, and is found in montane moss forests and in alpine zones over 2,000 m. It is the only species in the genus Abeomelomys, although it has been placed in Pogonomelomys in the past.
Pogonomys is a genus of rodent in the family Muridae, found in New Guinea and the D'Entrecasteaux Islands, with one species being found also in Australia.
Pseudohydromys is a genus of rodent in the family Muridae endemic to New Guinea. It contains the following species:
Hotson's mouse-like hamster also known as Hotson's calomyscus or Hotson's brush-tailed mouse is a species of rodent in the family Calomyscidae. It is endemic to southwestern Pakistan and southeastern Iran.
German's one-toothed moss mouse is a species of rodent in the family Muridae which occurs in the mountains of southeastern New Guinea.
The D'Entrecasteaux Archipelago pogonomys, also known as the D'Entrecasteaux Archipelago tree mouse, is a species of prehensile-tailed rat from the family Muridae that is endemic to Papua New Guinea. It was once considered to be a subspecies of the Large Tree Mouse. Deforestation is posing a threat to the species, but it has been suspected that the species has some degree of tolerance towards disturbance of its habitat.
Coccymys kirrhos is a rodent in the family Muridae that is native to New Guinea. The species was described in 2009.
Hydromyini is a very large, diverse tribe of muroid rodents in the subfamily Murinae. They are the dominant native rodents in Australasia and one of only two native rodent groups there, the other being the R. fuscipes group of the genus Rattus in the tribe Rattini. They are also found in parts of Southeast Asia.
