The rodent subfamily Sigmodontinae includes New World rats and mice, with at least 376 species. Many authorities include the Neotominae and Tylomyinae as part of a larger definition of Sigmodontinae. When those genera are included, the species count numbers at least 508. Their distribution includes much of the New World, but the genera are predominantly South American, such as brucies. They invaded South America from Central America as part of the Great American Interchange near the end of the Miocene, about 5 million years ago. Sigmodontines proceeded to diversify explosively in the formerly isolated continent. They inhabit many of the same ecological niches that the Murinae occupy in the Old World.
Batomys is a genus of rodent endemic to the Philippines. It has six extant described species.
Rhipidomys is a genus of rodents in the family Cricetidae, The following 25 species of climbing mouse species are currently recognised:
The aquatic rat, Ecuador fish-eating rat, fish-eating rat or Ecuadoran ichthyomyine is a South American species of semiaquatic rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is the only species in the genus Anotomys. This species is currently considered endangered. It is thought to be nocturnal and feeds on aquatic arthropods and insects. It is found in small ranges along the Andes.
The crab-eating rat is a species of semiaquatic rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, and Venezuela. Its natural habitats are rivers and swamps.
Stolzmann's crab-eating rat is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is found in Ecuador and Peru. The species is believed to be nocturnal and semiaquatic, and has been found at an elevation range of 900 to 1700 m. A survey in 2010 indicates that it is becoming a nuisance at local trout farms in the Peruvian puna.
Isthmomys is a genus of rodent in the family Cricetidae, belonging to the tribe Reithrodontomyini. Species are:
Microryzomys minutus, also known as the montane colilargo or the forest small rice rat, is a species of rodent in the genus Microryzomys of family Cricetidae. It is found in Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela, but these populations may represent more than one species.
Nectomys palmipes, also known as the Trinidad nectomys or Trinidad water rat, is a species of semiaquatic rodent in genus Nectomys of family Cricetidae. It is found on the island of Trinidad and on the nearby mainland of Venezuela.
The montane fish-eating rat is a species of semiaquatic rodent in the family Cricetidae. It inhabits the Andes Mountains of Colombia and Ecuador.
Musso's fish-eating rat is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae endemic to western Venezuela, where it has been found at altitudes of 1000 to 1200 m. It is semiaquatic and feeds on freshwater invertebrates.
Oyapock's fish-eating rat, or Oyapock's aquatic rat is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is found in French Guiana and Brazil.
The Peruvian fish-eating rat is a species of semiaquatic rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is found only in eastern Peru, where it is known from locations at elevations from 200 to 400 m.
The Venezuelan fish-eating rat is a species of a Rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is found in Guyana and Venezuela.
Oecomys speciosus, also known as the savannah oecomys, arboreal rice rat, or Venezuelan arboreal rice rat, is a species of rodent in the genus Oecomys of family Cricetidae. It ranges over northeastern Colombia and much of Venezuela, including the island of Trinidad. This rodent lives in tropical rainforest and tropical dry forest, including secondary forest and gallery forest, as well as in savanna habitat.
Oligoryzomys andinus, also known as the Andean colilargo or Andean pygmy rice rat, is a species of rodent in genus Oligoryzomys of family Cricetidae. It is found in the Andes of southern Peru and western Bolivia, but may in fact include more than one species. Its karyotype has 2n = 60 and FNa = 70.
Psammomys is a genus of rodents in the family Muridae.
Reithrodon is a genus of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It contains the following living species:
The Amazon bamboo rat is a species of spiny rat from the Amazon Basin of South America. It is also referred to as coro-coro, Toró, Rato-do-Bambú, or Rata del Bambú in different parts of its range. The bamboo rat prefers to reside in areas of dense vegetation, such as clumps of bamboo or in the canopy. It is an arboreal browser, consuming primarily leaves and spending much of its time off the ground. Because the Amazon bamboo rat spends most of its time in heavily forested areas, it is difficult to observe, and not much is known about its habits.
Fish-eating rat can refer to several related semiaquatic South American rodents of tribe Ichthyomyini:
