The earless water rat is a New Guinea rodent, part of the Hydromys group of the subfamily of Old World rats and mice (Murinae). It is the only species of the genus Crossomys. This species is probably most closely related to Baiyankamys. It is still unclear to which species this group is related. It is one of the most aquatically adapted rodents of the world.
Paraleptomys is a genus of rodent from New Guinea. It is considered part of the New Guinea Old Endemics, meaning it was part of the first wave of murine rodents to colonize the island. Members of the genus are similar to those in Leptomys but differ in that they do not have elongated hind feet or a third molar. Little is known of the two species' biology.
Hydromys is a genus of semiaquatic rodents in the subfamily Murinae. Three species are endemic to New Guinea and nearby islands. The fourth species, the rakali, is also found on Australia. The most recently discovered member of this genus was described in 2005.
The gray-bellied pencil-tailed tree mouse is a species of arboreal rodent in the family Muridae. It is endemic to Borneo where it is known from Gunung Kinabalu and from Long Petak in northern Kalimantan (Indonesia). It probably has wider distribution than currently documented. Its natural habitat is montane tropical forest. It is threatened by habitat loss.
The small pencil-tailed tree mouse or lesser pencil-tailed tree mouse is a species of arboreal rodent in the family Muridae. It is endemic to Borneo where it is only known from Sabah and Sarawak (Malaysia) and from southern Kalimantan (Indonesia), although it likely occurs more widely.
The long-footed water rat is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is found in the mountains of southern Papua New Guinea. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry forest.
Ernst Mayr's water rat is a species of rodent in the family Muridae, named for evolutionary biologist Ernst Mayr. It is found in the Foja Mountains of Papua Province, Indonesia, and in the mountains of northeastern Papua New Guinea.
The Fly River water rat is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is found only in Papua New Guinea. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.
The black-tailed mosaic-tailed rat is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is endemic to the island of New Guinea.
The northern water rat is an endangered species of rodent in the family Muridae found in the highlands of New Guinea.
The short-haired water rat is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is found in West Papua, Indonesia and Papua New Guinea. There are two currently undescribed species allied with this taxon.
The red tree rat is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is found only in western Java, Indonesia.
The large New Guinea spiny rat is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is found in Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, and the Solomon Islands.
Van Deusen's rat is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is endemic to the mountains of southeast Papua New Guinea.
The Bismarck giant rat is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is endemic to the island of New Britain, Papua New Guinea.
German's one-toothed moss mouse is a species of rodent in the family Muridae which occurs in the mountains of southeastern New Guinea.
Rodents of the superfamily Muroidea, which includes mice, rats, voles, hamsters, bamboo rats, and many other species, generally have three molars in each quadrant of the jaws. A few of the oldest species retain the fourth upper premolar, and some living species have lost the third and even the second molars. Features of the molar crown are often used in muroid taxonomy, and many different systems have been proposed to name these features.
Leptomys paulus is a small rodent belonging to the family Muridae endemic to New Guinea.
Leptomys arfakensis is a species of rodent in the family of Muridae. It is found in the Arfak Mountains of West Papua, Indonesia.
