Hydrophyllum appendiculatum

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Hydrophyllum appendiculatum
Hydrophyllum appendiculatum.jpg
Status TNC G5.svg
Secure  (NatureServe)
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Boraginales
Family: Boraginaceae
Genus: Hydrophyllum
Species:
H. appendiculatum
Binomial name
Hydrophyllum appendiculatum
Synonyms

Decemium appendiculatum

Hydrophyllum appendiculatum, commonly known as great waterleaf, [1] appendage waterleaf, [2] , or woolen breeches, [3] is a species of plant in the Boraginaceae (borage) family. It is native to central and eastern North America where it is found primarily in the Midwest and Upper South of the United States. [4] It is a biennial that produces lavender-colored flowers in late spring and early summer. [5]

Contents

Description

H. appendiculatum is a biennial herbaceous plant that grows to a height of 30–76 centimetres (1–2.5 ft) with branching, hairy stems. The leaves are also hairy, alternate, and about 8–15 centimetres (3–6 in) long and across. The lower leaves are longer than they are wide, and the middle and upper leaves are more rounded. All the leaves are cleft into 3 to 5 lobes. [5]

The inflorescence is a loose cluster, or cyme of pinkish purple or lavender flowers at the ends of the stems and branches rising above the leaves, 5–8 centimetres (2–3 in) long. Each flower is 1–2 centimetres (.5–.8 in) across. [6] The calyces have short, triangular appendages flaring away at the sinuses. [3]

This species can be distinguished from Hydrophyllum canadense , which has a similar appearance and broad geographical overlap, by the presence of small appendages in the sinuses of the calyx of H. appendiculatum. In addition, H. canadense and another similar plant, Hydrophyllum virginianum , have less hairy stems than H. appendiculatum. [5]

Distribution and habitat

H. appendiculum is native to the United States from Nebraska and Kansas to the west, Mississippi and Alabama to the south, the Canadian border to the north, and New York to the east. In Canada, it is native to Ontario. [2] Its natural habitat is mesic calcareous forests, bottomland woods, bases of bluffs, quarries, and slopes. [3]

Ecology

Flowers bloom May to July [7] and attract a variety of bees, flies, butterflies, and skippers. [5]

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References

  1. USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Hydrophyllum appendiculatum". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 28 July 2017.
  2. 1 2 "NatureServe Explorer 2.0". explorer.natureserve.org.
  3. 1 2 3 "Hydrophyllum appendiculatum page". www.missouriplants.com.
  4. "Hydrophyllum appendiculatum". County-level distribution map from the North American Plant Atlas (NAPA). Biota of North America Program (BONAP). 2014. Retrieved 28 July 2017.
  5. 1 2 3 4 Great Waterleaf at Illinois Wildflowers
  6. "Hydrophyllum appendiculatum (Appendaged Waterleaf): Minnesota Wildflowers". www.minnesotawildflowers.info.
  7. "Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center - The University of Texas at Austin". www.wildflower.org.