Hyphessobrycon panamensis

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Hyphessobrycon panamensis
Hyphessobrycon panamensis (C3EACDB0E0C2).jpg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Characiformes
Family: Acestrorhamphidae
Genus: Hyphessobrycon
Species:
H. panamensis
Binomial name
Hyphessobrycon panamensis
Durbin, 1908
Synonyms

Hyphessobrycon panamensis, commonly known as the Panama tetra, is a Central American species of tetra in the family Characidae.

Contents

Taxonomy

The Panama tetra was first discovered between 1865 and 1866 during the Thayer Expedition, when specimens of this fish were collected from the Boqueron River of Panama. These specimens were later studied by American ichthyologist Marion Durbin Ellis, who determined that they represent a species unknown to science at the time. In 1908, she established Hyphessobrycon as a subgenus of Hemigrammus and assigned this species to it, giving it the scientific name Hyphessobrycon panamensis. [2] However, she did not designate any of the specimens as a holotype, so instead one of them (with the specimen number USNM 120416) was designated as the lectotype in 2020, while the rest became paralectotypes. [3] In 1917, German-American ichthyologist Carl H. Eigenmann elevated Hyphessobrycon to genus level, determining that its members (including the Panama tetra) represent a separate grouping from Hemigrammus. [4]

In 1912, American ichthyologists Seth Eugene Meek and Samuel Frederick Hildebrand established a new fish species which they named Hemigrammus minutus. This was done based on analysis of specimens collected from streams in the Panama Canal Zone, with one kept in the Field Museum of Natural History and given the specimen number FMNH 7572 being designated as the holotype of the species. [5] A year later, Eigenmann determined that this species does not differ significantly from Hyphessobrycon panamensis and should therefore be considered a junior synonym of it. [6] This synonymy was further confirmed in a 2020 study by additional examination of specimens that have been attributed to both names. [3]

Reclassified populations

The following types of fish were formerly thought to be populations of Hyphessobrycon panamensis, but have since been discovered to actually represent different species.

References

  1. Armbruster, J.W.; Angulo, A.; Lyons, T.J. (2020). "Hyphessobrycon panamensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T49829641A149252567. doi: 10.2305/iucn.uk.2020-2.rlts.t49829641a149252567.en . Retrieved 19 August 2025.
  2. Carl H., Eigenmann (1908). "Preliminary descriptions of new genera and species of tetragonopterid characins (Zoölogical Results of the Thayer Brazilian expedition.)". Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College. 52: 91–106. Archived from the original on 2024-12-06.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 Ota, Renata R.; Carvalho, Fernando R.; Pavanelli, Carla S. (2020-03-18). "Taxonomic review of the Hyphessobrycon panamensis species-group (Characiformes: Characidae)". Zootaxa. 4751 (3): 401–436. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4751.3.1. ISSN   1175-5334. PMID   32230403.
  4. Eigenmann, Carl H. (1917). The American Characidae. Smithsonian Libraries. Cambridge, Printed for the Museum. p. 172.
  5. Meek, Seth E.; Hildebrand, Samuel F. (1912). "Descriptions of new fishes from Panama". The Field Museum of Natural History, Zoological Series. 10 (6): 67–68.
  6. Eigenmann, Carl H. (1913). "Some results from an ichthyological reconnaissance of Colombia, South America". Indiana University Studies (18): 1–32.
  7. Behre, Ellinor H. (1928). "A list of the fresh water fishes of western Panamá between long. 81º45' and 83º15'W". Annals of the Carnegie Museum. 18: 305–328.
  8. 1 2 Zarske, Axel; Géry, Jacques (2002). "Hyphessobrycon columbianus n. sp., der Blaurote-Kolumbien-Salmler – ein neuer Salmler (Teleostei, Characiformes, Characidae) aus dem kolumbianischen Darien". Das Aquarium (in German). 55 (1): 22–30.
  9. Regan, Charles Tate (1913). "LVI.— The fishes of the San Juan river, Colombia". Annals and Magazine of Natural History. 12 (71): 462–473. doi:10.1080/00222931308693424. ISSN   0374-5481.
  10. 1 2 Eigenmann, Carl H. (1922). "The fishes of western South America. Part I. The fresh-water fishes of northwestern South America, including Colombia, Panama, and the Pacific slopes of Ecuador and Peru, together with an appendix upon the fishes of the Rio Meta in Colombia". Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum. 9 (1): 1–350. doi:10.5962/p.234839. ISSN   0885-4645. Archived from the original on 2025-02-15.