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Dothideomycetes is the largest and most diverse class of ascomycete fungi. It comprises 11 orders 90 families, 1,300 genera and over 19,000 known species. Wijayawardene et al. in 2020 added more orders to the class.
The Pleosporales is the largest order in the fungal class Dothideomycetes. By a 2008 estimate, it contained 23 families, 332 genera and more than 4700 species. The majority of species are saprobes on decaying plant material in fresh water, marine, or terrestrial environments, but several species are also associated with living plants as parasites, epiphytes or endophytes. The best studied species cause plant diseases on important agricultural crops e.g. Cochliobolus heterostrophus, causing southern corn leaf blight on maize, Phaeosphaeria nodorum causing glume blotch on wheat and Leptosphaeria maculans causing a stem canker on cabbage crops (Brassica). Some species of Pleosporales occur on animal dung, and a small number occur as lichens and rock-inhabiting fungi.
Dothideomycetidae is a subclass of Dothideomycetes consisting of three orders: Dothideales, Myriangiales and Capnodiales. The cavities of the sexual structures do not have vertical cells growing between the sac-like cells bearing the sexual spores (asci).
Pleosporomycetidae is a subclass of Dothideomycetes consisting of four orders: Pleosporales, Hysteriales, Mytilinidiales, and Jahnulales. One of its defining features is the presence of pseudoparaphyses. These are sterile cells extending down from the upper portion of the cavity inside sexual structures containing the sac-like asci with sexually produced spores (ascospores). Pseudoparaphyses are initially attached at both their ends, but sometimes the upper part may become free. Some orders and families where these cells are present remain outside the subclass since DNA-based phylogenies cannot place them with confidence. However, they could conceivably be included within Pleosporomycetidae in future.
The Hysteriaceae are a taxonomic family of fungi and the only extant family of the order Hysteriales. Members of the Hysteriaceae are defined by the possession of a sexual structure called the hysterothecium, an elongated structure that opens by a longitudinal slit and releases sexually produced spores. The family is widely distributed, with many species found in temperate regions, and most are saprobic on wood and bark, although a few are parasitic on plants.
The Lophiostomataceae are a family of fungi in the order Pleosporales. Taxa have a widespread distribution, especially in temperate regions, and are saprobic or necrotrophic on herbaceous and woody stems.
Lophiostoma is a genus of ascomycetous fungi in the family Lophiostomataceae.
Ascominuta is a genus of fungi in the class Dothideomycetes. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the class is unknown. This is a monotypic genus, consisting of the single species Ascominuta lignicola.
Belizeana is a genus of fungi in the class Dothideomycetes. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the class is unknown. This is a monotypic genus, consisting of the single species Belizeana tuberculata.
Dolabra is a genus of fungi in the class Dothideomycetes. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the class is unknown. A monotypic genus, it contains the single species Dolabra nepheliae.
Hysteropeltella is a genus of fungi in the class Dothideomycetes. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the class is unknown. A monotypic genus, it contains the single species Hysteropeltella moravica.
Lineolata is a genus of fungi in the class Dothideomycetes. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the class is unknown. A monotypic genus, it contains the single species Lineolata rhizophorae.
Parmulariella is a genus of fungi in the class Dothideomycetes. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the class is unknown. A monotypic genus, it contains the single species Parmulariella vernoniae.
Lophiosphaerella is a genus of fungi in the class Dothideomycetes. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the class is unknown. Also, the placement of this genus within the Dothideomycetes is uncertain. A monotypic genus, it contains the single species Lophiosphaerella euryae.
Cyrtidium is a genus of fungi in the class Dothideomycetes. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the class is unknown. Also, the placement of this genus within the Dothideomycetes is uncertain. A monotypic genus, it contains the single species Cyrtidium naevium.
Gloeodiscus is a genus of fungi in the class Dothideomycetes. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the class is unknown. Also, the placement of this genus within the Dothideomycetes is uncertain. A monotypic genus, it contains the single species Gloeodiscus nigrorufus.
Spinulosphaeria is a genus of fungi in the Sordariomycetes class of the Ascomycota. It was placed in 2020, within the Order Coronophorales and in the family of Chaetosphaerellaceae.
The Myriangiaceae are a family of fungi in the Ascomycota, class Dothideomycetes. Species in this family have a widespread distribution, and are typically found associated with scale insects. The family occupies an isolated phylogenetic position within the Dothideomycetes.
Mytilinidiales is an order of fungi within the class Dothideomycetes.
Bertia is a genus of fungi within the Bertiaceae family, and Hypocreomycetidae subclass.
References
- ↑ Mugambi GK, Huhndorf SM, 2009. Parallel evolution of hysterothecial ascomata in ascolocularous fungi (Ascomycota, Fungi). Systematics and Biodiversity 7: 453–464.
- ↑ Boehm EW, Mugambi GK, Miller AN, Huhndorf SM, Marincowitz S, Spatafora JW, Schoch CL, 2009. A molecular phylogenetic reappraisal of the Hysteriaceae, Mytilinidiaceae and Gloniaceae (Pleosporomycetidae, Dothideomycetes) with keys to world species. Studies in Mycology 64: 49-83S43.
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