Idiosepiidae

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Idiosepiidae
Tropical Pygmy Squid (Idiosepius pygmaeus) (25377304317).jpg
Idiosepius pygmaeus
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Cephalopoda
Superorder: Decapodiformes
Order: Idiosepida
Superfamily: Idiosepioidea
Appellöf, 1898
Family: Idiosepiidae
Appellöf, 1898 [1]

Idiosepiidae, also known as the pygmy squids, is a family of squids in the superorder Decapodiformes. [2] [3] They are the smallest known squids. [3]

Contents

It is the only family in the monotypic order Idiosepida [4] and the monotypic superfamily Idiosepioidea. [5] Phylogenomic analyses have shown that species in the family Idiosepiidae are sister to all other Decapodiformes. [6]

Description

Idiosepiidae are the smallest known squids: males can grow to about 15 mm (0.6 in) and females to about 21 mm (0.8 in) in mantle length. The mantle is elongate, obovate to cigar-shaped, with its posterior margin bluntly pointed at the distal tip. Their internal chitinous shell is vestigial, and the dorsal surface of the mantle has a unique oval adhesive organ, which secretes a sticky substance and is used to attach itself to seaweed or seagrass blades. [7] The head is prominent while the arms are short. In males, both ventral arms are differentiated, but they are also different from each other. [3]

Distribution and ecology

Idiosepiidae have an Indo-west Pacific distribution, from South Africa in the west to Japan and Russia in the east. They appear to be short-lived. They generally live in shallow water among seagrass and mangroves. They often adhere themselves to substrate, enabling camouflage and concealment during the day. They appear to be sit-and-wait predators. They are solitary. Mating is promiscuous with multiple matings. Young individuals are planktonic. [3]

Genera

The following genera are recognised in the family Idiosepiidae: [2]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pyroteuthidae</span> Family of squids

Pyroteuthidae is a family of squids. The family comprises two genera. Species are diurnally mesopelagic, migrating into surface waters during the night. The family is characterised by the tentacles, which have a permanent constriction and bend near the base; and photophores occurring on the tentacles, eyeballs, and viscera. Members reach mantle lengths of 23–50 mm. Paralarvae of the family are common around the Hawaiian Islands, with up to 17% of collected specimens in the area belonging to Pyroteuthidae.

<i>Thysanoteuthis</i> Genus of squids

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<i>Pholidoteuthis</i> Genus of squids

Pholidoteuthis is a genus of squid in the monotypic family Pholidoteuthidae, comprising at least two species. The defunct genus Tetronychoteuthis was previously incorporated into Pholidoteuthidae based upon a singular taxon known as Tetronychoteuthis massyae. Following the discovery of Pholidoteuthis boschmai in 1950, T. massaye was placed into Pholidoteuthis, with Tetronoychoteuthis considered a nomen dubium. P. boschmai is now considered a junior synonym of P. massyae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dentaliida</span> Order of molluscs

Dentaliida is one of the two orders of scaphopod mollusks, commonly known as elephant's tusk shells. The order Dentaliida contains most of the larger scaphopods, and is distinguished from the other order by the shape of its shell, the shape of the foot, and the arrangement of some of their internal organs.

<i>Xipholeptos</i> Genus of molluscs

Xipholeptos is a genus of squid in the family Idiosepiidae. It is monotypic, being represented by the single species Xipholeptos notoides, commonly known as the southern pygmy squid. The species was originally classified as Idiosepius notoides. The southern pygmy squid is native to the southwestern Pacific Ocean, off southern and eastern Australia. It inhabits shallow, inshore waters. It has been recorded off the coasts of New South Wales, South Australia, Tasmania and Victoria.

Moroteuthopsis is a genus of squid in the family Onychoteuthidae. The type species is Moroteuthopsis longimana.

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<i>Onykia robsoni</i> Species of squid

Onykia robsoni, the rugose hooked squid, is a species of squid in the family Onychoteuthidae. It occurs in the Antarctic Ocean, at an estimated depth of 250–550 meters. The mantle of this species grows to a length of 75 cm. The species has been suggested as a junior synonym of Onykia carriboea, the tropical clubhook squid, due to similarities between the species.

<i>Onychoteuthis compacta</i> Species of squid

Onychoteuthis compacta is a species of squid in the family Onychoteuthidae, known to occur in Hawaiian waters. as well as in other areas of the Central Pacific and western north-central Atlantic, it probably has a circumglobar distribution. The species is known to have a mantle length of at least 122 mm for females and 127 mm for males. Each tentacle has 22 club hooks, measuring approximately 30 mm in mature specimens.

<i>Pyroteuthis</i> Genus of squids

Pyroteuthis is a genus of squid in the family Pyroteuthidae. It is differentiated from the genus Pterygioteuthis by size, head shape and behaviour. Species within the genus are separated by the arrangement of tentacular photophores; the shape of the hectocotylus, and the shape of the hectocotylus hooks. With the exception of the Tropical Eastern Pacific, the genus is circumpolar in tropical and temperate oceans. The species P. addolux is the only member to occur in the North Pacific.

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Pyroteuthis serrata is a species of squid in the family Pyroteuthidae. It is found north of the tropical convergence in the waters around New Zealand and it does not overlap with Pyroteuthis margaritifera which has a more southerly range.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Argonautoidea</span> Superfamily of octopuses

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Helicina (suborder)</span> Suborder of gastropods

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<i>Amphissa columbiana</i> Species of gastropod

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<i>Amonovula</i> Genus of gastropods

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<i>Calliodentalium</i>

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References

  1. Appellöf, A. (1898). "Cephalopoden von Ternate. 2. Untersuchungen über Idiosepius, Sepiadarium und verwandte Formen. Ein Beitrag zur Beleuchtung der Heklokotylisation und ihrer systematischen Bedeutung". Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft. 24 (4): 570–637.
  2. 1 2 Bieler R, Bouchet P, Gofas S, Marshall B, Rosenberg G, La Perna R, Neubauer TA, Sartori AF, Schneider S, Vos C, ter Poorten JJ, Taylor J, Dijkstra H, Finn J, Bank R, Neubert E, Moretzsohn F, Faber M, Houart R, Picton B, Garcia-Alvarez O (eds.). "Idiosepiidae Appellöf, 1898". MolluscaBase. World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 23 April 2023.
  3. 1 2 3 4 Reid, Amanda L. & Strugnell, Jan M. (2018). "A new pygmy squid, Idiosepius hallami n. sp. (Cephalopoda: Idiosepiidae) from eastern Australia and elevation of the southern endemic 'notoides' clade to a new genus, Xipholeptos n. gen". Zootaxa. 4369 (4): 451486. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4369.4.1. PMID   29689867.
  4. Bieler R, Bouchet P, Gofas S, Marshall B, Rosenberg G, La Perna R, Neubauer TA, Sartori AF, Schneider S, Vos C, ter Poorten JJ, Taylor J, Dijkstra H, Finn J, Bank R, Neubert E, Moretzsohn F, Faber M, Houart R, Picton B, Garcia-Alvarez O (eds.). "Idiosepida". MolluscaBase. World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 23 April 2023.
  5. Bieler R, Bouchet P, Gofas S, Marshall B, Rosenberg G, La Perna R, Neubauer TA, Sartori AF, Schneider S, Vos C, ter Poorten JJ, Taylor J, Dijkstra H, Finn J, Bank R, Neubert E, Moretzsohn F, Faber M, Houart R, Picton B, Garcia-Alvarez O (eds.). "Idiosepioidea Appellöf, 1898". MolluscaBase. World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 23 April 2023.
  6. Anderson, Frank E.; Lindgren, Annie R. (2021-03-01). "Phylogenomic analyses recover a clade of large-bodied decapodiform cephalopods". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 156: 107038. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2020.107038. ISSN   1055-7903.
  7. Mollusca: Aplacophora, Polyplacophora, Scaphopoda, Cephalopoda, Volum 17