Indonesia–Malaysia–Singapore growth triangle

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The SIJORI was established in 1994 between three countries, Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore, to strengthen economic links in the region and optimise the complementarity between the three countries. It started off as the SIJORI Growth Triangle in 1989, which includes Singapore, Johor (Malaysia), and Riau Archipelago, a part of Riau Islands Province (Indonesia). [1]

Contents

History

The SIJORI Growth Triangle is a partnership arrangement between Singapore, Johor (in Malaysia), and Riau Islands (in Indonesia) that combines the competitive strengths of the three areas to make the subregion more attractive to regional and international investors. More specifically, it links the infrastructure, capital, and expertise of Singapore with the natural and labour resources and the abundance of land of Johor and Riau.

The SIJORI Growth Triangle was first publicly announced in 1989 by Singapore Deputy Prime Minister Goh Chok Tong. The 'triangle of growth' was envisioned to be a key component of the Singapore regionalisation scheme of the 1980s and 1990s, relocating labour-intensive industries to neighbouring places such as the Malaysian state of Johor (known as the Iskandar Development Region) and the island of Batam in the nearby Indonesian province of Riau (at the time, before splitting off as a part of Riau Islands province in 2004).

As more Malaysian and Indonesian states joined the grouping, the IMS-GT was formed to formalise the new grouping. A Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) was signed on 17 December 1994 by the representatives of the participating countries; Singapore's Deputy Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong, Malaysia' s International Trade and Industry Minister Datuk Seri Rafidah Aziz and Indonesia's Coordinating Minister for Trade and Industry Hartono.

Statistics

Batam is a tax free export zone rather than a free port, therefore much industry is limited to international exports. Batam has also become an alternate air transport hub as Java's airports are congested. Some 62,000 Singaporeans visited Batam in January 2012, compared with stronger links to Johor, some 70,000 daily. [2]

Administrative divisionArea (km2)PopulationDensity
JOHOR STATE, MALAYSIA
Johor Bahru District 1,0661,638,2191,540/km2
Kulai District 756251,650332/km2
SINGAPORE
Singapore [3] 7165,612,3007,796/km2
RIAU ISLANDS PROVINCE, INDONESIA
Batam City1,010.881,236,3991,223/km2
Tanjung Pinang City144.6204,7351,415.9/km2
Bintan Regency 1,318.2154,584117/km2
Karimun Regency 912.75227,277249/km2
Entire Land Area6,8919,325,1641,353/km2

sources: (Budan Pusat Statistik 2010 Census Indonesia, Statistics Singapore, Statistics Malaysia)

For GDP stats, Riau Island's Quarterly GDP output was Rp26.510.648,31 mln (Q1/14, US$2.3 billion or US$9 billion annual) [4] Singapore's Quarterly GDP was 95,959.1 mln (Q1/14, $76.57 billion or US$310 billion annual) [5] and Johor Bahru state was RM24,452 per capita (entire 2012, US$26 billion annual). [6]

See also

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The Riau Islands is a province of Indonesia—not to be confused with neighbouring Riau Province from which the Riau Islands Province were separated in 2002. The capital of the province is Tanjung Pinang, while the largest city is Batam. It shares a maritime border with Riau and Jambi to the east, Bangka Belitung Islands to the south, Singapore to the northeast, Malaysia and West Kalimantan to the west, and Vietnam and Cambodia to the north. It comprises a total of 2,028 islands scattered between Sumatra, Malay Peninsula, and Borneo including the Riau Archipelago. Situated on one of the world's busiest shipping lanes along the Malacca Strait and the Natuna Sea, the province shares water borders with neighboring countries such as Singapore, Malaysia, and Brunei. The Riau Islands also have relatively large potential mineral resources and energy, as well as marine resources.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Riau Archipelago</span> Indonesian archipelago

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pekanbaru</span> City and capital of Riau, Indonesia

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bintan Island</span> Island in Bintan Regency, Riau Islands Province, Indonesia

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dumai</span> City in Riau

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Singapore Strait crossing</span>

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Indonesia–Singapore relations</span> Bilateral relations

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References

  1. "Growth triangle". National Library Board. Archived from the original on 9 September 2010. Retrieved 28 August 2010.
  2. Gabriel, Anita (30 March 2012). "Indonesia's Batam Losing Its Economic Luster". The Jakarta Post . Archived from the original on 16 November 2012. Retrieved 17 December 2012.
  3. "Latest Data". Statistics Singapore . Archived from the original on 5 November 2014. Retrieved 5 January 2014.
  4. "PDRB Kepri Triwulan I Tahun 2014 Tumbuh 5,21 Persen" [Riau Islands GDRP Quarter I Year 2014 Grows By 5.21 Percents]. Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi Kepulauan Riau (in Indonesian). 5 May 2014. Archived from the original on 21 May 2014. Retrieved 21 May 2014.
  5. "Latest Data". Statistics Singapore . Archived from the original on 5 November 2014. Retrieved 5 January 2014.
  6. "Johor @ a Glance". Archived from the original on 21 May 2014. Retrieved 21 May 2014.