Industri Kereta Api

PT Industri Kereta Api (Persero)

KAI New Generation Economy coaches produced by PT INKA
Company type	State-owned perseroan terbatas
Industry	Rolling stock
Predecessor	Balai Yasa Lokomotif Uap Madiun (Madiun Steam Locomotive Workshop)
Founded	18 May 1981;44 years ago (1981-05-18)
Headquarters	Madiun, East Java and Banyuwangi, East Java , Indonesia
Products	Locomotives, Passenger railroad cars, Goods wagons, Special vehicles, DMUs and EMUs
Services	Production, Maintenance, Refurbishment and Spare parts of trains
Revenue	Rp 2.58 trillion (2017)
Net income	Rp 75.25 billion (2017)
Total assets	Rp 6.04 trillion (2017)
Owner	Government of Indonesia
Number of employees	5,000 (2017)
Subsidiaries	inkamultisolusi.co.id ptrekaindo.co.id imst.co.id imsservice.co.id imsc.co.id
Website	inka.co.id

PT Industri Kereta Api (Persero), abbreviated as INKA, is an Indonesian state-owned rolling stock manufacturer ^[1] it is the only one in Southeast Asia. The Indonesian Government holds the majority of shares through Danatara.

History

PT Industri Kereta Api (Persero), otherwise known as "PT INKA" was established by the Indonesian government on May 1981 to serve as the national rolling stock manufacturer as well as the manager of PJKA's steam locomotive maintenance depots that were converted to rolling stock manufacturing plants

PT INKA's Rolling Stock is used on PT KAI public railway lines on the islands of Java and Sumatra ^[2] Its first rolling stock manufacturing plant, in Madiun, East Java was converted from a former PJKA steam locomotive overhaul facility. Under Suharto's presidency, INKA was initiated as part of the national strategic plan, as the basis of a national rail production industry.

Timeline

On August 29, 1981, PJKA officially transferred the management of the workshop to the upstart firm. A year later, the company started producing passenger carriages for the KAI network and its first ever Indonesian-made modern freight boxcar.

1985 would see the company manufacturing the first successful air conditioned and non-air conditioned steel economy and executive class passenger cars on order for KAI.

In 1987, for the first time, the first ever Indonesian built EMU was manufactured by INKA on license with Japanese rail manufacturer Nippon Sharyo, with full production of Indonesian made EMUs commencing in 1994.

In 1991, for the first time, the company also exported Freight cars to Malaysia.

In 1995, INKA develops two Indonesian long haul express trainsets each for two busy routes of the railway network, one midday train and one long distance overnight service.

In 1996, through a joint venture with General Electric, the company produced locomotives through PT GE Lokomotif Indonesia along with and exporting them to Philippines.

In 1998, INKA, as a show of Indonesian recovery following the economic and political crisis that hit the nation, expanded its export offerings to Thailand with a batch of hopper cars for its railways.

In 2001, the company launched its first ever Indonesian built KRL products.

In 2004, the company exported car bodies to Australia.

In 2006, the company exported 50 train cars to Bangladesh.

In 2007, the company signed a production contract for a DMU to be operated in Aceh and Railbus to be operated in Palembang.

In 2015, the company launched a train air conditioning product under the I-COND brand.

In 2016, the company exported 150 train units to Bangladesh

In 2017, the company successfully manufactured train to be operated for the Soekarno-Hatta Airport Raillink.

In 2018, the company launched an LRT to be operated in Palembang.

In 2019, the company successfully completed the production of the first LRT Jabodebek series. ^{[3] [4]} The company also launched an electric bus under the brand name E-Inobus.

Profile

INKA has produced or refurbished every batch of KAI's passenger cars, excluding multiple units, since 1985. Its production of multiple units began in 1987 when it assembled Rheostatic EMUs from Japan. Since then, INKA has utilized lightweight stainless steel car bodies and modern AC traction control with VVVF inverters (formerly GTO, now IGBT) for EMU production. INKA started producing multiple diesel units in 2007 with orders from the Ministry of Transportation for regional and commuter trains. INKA has supplied various freight wagons to KAI, most notably the coal transport wagons supporting the coal mining industry in Ombilin (West Sumatra) and South Sumatra.

In 2019 PT INKA cooperated with PT Len Industri, PT Wijaya Karya, and PT Kereta Api Indonesia to collaborate on business development by forming a consortium of Indonesian Railways Development Incorporated for Africa (IRDIA).

In addition, PT INKA has, together with KAI, established a joint venture with Swiss rolling stock manufacturer Stadler Rail to build a plant with facilities for rolling stock crash test and tilt/roll-over test following International Union of Railways (UIC) standards in Banyuwangi, East Java.

In November 2024, PT INKA (Persero) (INKA) in collaboration with the Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB) will conduct a battery-powered autonomous tram trial on Jalan Slamet Riyadi, Surakarta. This activity is part of an artificial intelligence (AI)-based autonomous system development project by the ITB research team, which is applied to INKA-made trams with funding support from the Education Fund Management Institute (LPDP).

This autonomous tram is designed to operate automatically in mixed traffic environments. Various sensors, including cameras, radar, LiDAR, and GNSS, are installed to detect objects in the vicinity, regardless of sunny or rainy weather conditions. The information captured by these sensors is processed by artificial intelligence (AI) through embedded computing devices, enabling the tram to make decisions independently. The tram is powered by an electric motor supported by a 200 kWh battery, allowing it to travel up to 90 km on a single charge. ^[5]

Production facilities

PT INKA has 2 Rolling Stock manufacturing plants, one in Banyuwangi and another in Madiun

Madiun rolling stock production plant

Banyuwangi rolling stock production plant

Product development

Further information: List of INKA Rolling Stock

Timeline of product development

INKA produces locomotives, passenger railcars, freight wagons, multiple units and inspection trains. Over the years it has become an important producer of passenger railcars and freight railcars for the Indonesian national railway company, ^[6] and has exported some of its products to countries such as the Philippines, Bangladesh and New Zealand. ^[7]

The following is a list of INKA rolling stock projects: ^[8]

• 1982 – Enclosed boxwagon/car for PJKA
• 1985 – 1985 batch PJKA Economy and Executive class passenger coaches
• 1987 – Rheostatic ED101 EMU, 1987 batch (in cooperation with Japanese consortium led by Nippon Sharyo)
• 1991 – Freight wagons for KTMB
• 1994 – VVVF-GTO EA101 series EMU, in cooperation with BN-Holec
• 1995 – Argo Bromo and Argo Gede trainsets
• 1996 – CC203 locomotive, in cooperation with GE
• 1997 – Argo Bromo Anggrek trainsets
• 1998 – Ballast Hopper wagon for SRT
• 2001 – EA201 series EMU for the KRL Commuterline
• 2002 – Power Car and reefer bogie flat car for KTMB
• 2004 – Container wagon body & blizzard center sills (to Australia)
• 2006 – Bangladesh Railway BG passenger coaches
• 2007 – Kertalaya railbus for South Sumatra provincial government.
• 2008 – MH102 series (Kereta Rel Diesel Indonesia) (for Aceh and Eastern Java)
• 2010 – Economy class AC trainsets for Kemenhub, GE C20EMP locomotives (in cooperation with GE Transportation)
• 2011 – Batara Kresna Railbus and EA202 series EMU
• 2016 – batch KAI executive and economy class coaches and Bangladesh Railway BG and MG coaches
• 2018 – Third rail LRV for Palembang LRT ^[9] An improved model was produced in 2019 for Jabodebek LRT. ^[10] EA203 series EMU for Soekarno-Hatta airport rail link
• 2019 – PNR 8000 class DMU
• 2020 – PNR 8100 class DMU and INKA CC300 DHLs (plus 15 PNR 8300 class coaches) to the Philippines
• 2023 – 133 flat wagons for KiwiRail in New Zealand ^[11]
• 2025 - iE305 series for KRL Commuterline.

Automotive industry

In 2008, INKA proposed GEA (short for Gulirkan Energi Alternatif) as a national car. A prototype was created in 2008. ^[12] In 2009, GEA began using the machinery developed by BPPT, Rusnas, after previously using Chinese machinery. Carburetors are the only imported components in the 2009 prototype.

PT Inka also supplied compressed natural gas-powered (CNG) buses for TransJakarta, mainly known as the name brand Inobus (abbreviated as Innovation Bus). Currently, there are three known product variants:

• Inobus ATC 320 (Articulated Car) (produced year 2011–2012) with Cummins Westport ISL-G 320 HP CNG engine, mated with Voith DIWA 864.3E automatic transmission. 39 units were operated in total, with 21 units operated by Perum DAMRI from 2011 to 2018 and 18 units operated by PT. Bianglala Metropolitan from 2013 to 2016. The main difference between the two is DAMRI operated units used Songz Air Conditioning whilst Bianglala operated units used Denso Air Conditioning.
• Inobus SGL 290 (Single) with Doosan GL11K 290 HP (EPA 2010) CNG Engine, the same engine used in current Zhongtong buses, mated with Allison Transmission T350R automatic. A total of 36 units, should have been operated by Perum PPD.
• Future fleet: Inobus ATC 340 (Articulated Car) with Doosan GL11K 340 HP Euro IV CNG Engine, the same engine used in current Zhongtong buses bus, mated with Voith DIWA 864.5 automatic transmission. ^[13]

In 2011, INKA produced Kancil, a 404 cc vehicle planned to replace auto-rickshaws. However, it could not develop in his market, because of existing regulations at the time. ^[14]

In 2022, INKA announced that the two will continue the production of Red and White electric buses after reportedly signing a Cooperation Agreement. The news was announced by ITS Vice Chancellor IV Bambang Pramujati who explained that the two entities will produce five electric buses. He further said that the five electric buses had reached the finishing stage. That way, the Red and White electric bus is ready to be launched in the near future. ^[15] After that the electric Bus has converted to Trans Metro Pasundan ^[16] and Trans Semanggi Suroboyo. ^[17]

Gallery

• 
  INKA-made Jabodebek LRT rolling stock
• 
  Passenger train using stainless steel metal
• 
  INKA-built DEMU ME204 series for KCJB Feeder Train rolling stock
• 
  INKA-built EMU EA202 series on the Jogja–Solo Line with the new red livery.
• 
  iE305 series during test runs for the Jakarta Commuterline
• 
  Economy Class

References

1. "INKA - Tentang INKA". inka.co.id. Archived from the original on 15 March 2023. Retrieved 30 September 2018.
2. "Government Regulation number 1 of 1981" (PDF) (in Indonesian). Cabinet Secretariat of the Republic of Indonesia. Retrieved 30 March 2023.
4. "Sekilas Perusahaan" (in Indonesian). PT Industri Kereta Api (Persero). Archived from the original on 15 March 2023. Retrieved 25 March 2023.
5. "Battery-Powered Autonomous Tram Trial, Collaboration Result of PT INKA (Persero) and Bandung Institute of Technology" (in Indonesian). PT. INKA. Retrieved 18 December 2024.
6. "KAI Invests IDR10.79 Trillion in Rolling Stock Procurement at PT INKA". netralnews.com. Retrieved 29 December 2025.
7. "INKA". www.inka.co.id. Retrieved 29 December 2025.
8. "INKA - About INKA". inka.co.id. Archived from the original on 1 August 2020. Retrieved 30 September 2018.
9. "Berita INKA - Bangga Kereta LRT Palembang Produksi PT INKA (Persero)". inka.co.id. Archived from the original on 29 June 2020. Retrieved 28 June 2020.
10. Lidyana, Vadhia. "Penampakan LRT Jabodebek yang Tiba di Jakarta". detikfinance (in Indonesian). Retrieved 28 June 2020.
11. "KiwiRail wagons shipped". Railway Gazette International.
12. (in Indonesian) "India Rilis Mobil Supermurah Tata Nano, Kita Punya GEA" Archived 2 December 2010 at the Wayback Machine , 27 March 2009. Retrieved 30 March 2011.
13. http://katalog.lkpp.go.id/e-katalog-busway Archived 8 October 2016 at the Wayback Machine e-katalog-busway
14. "Sebenarnya Indonesia Punya Kancil, Kenapa Pilih Qute dari India". Carmudi Indonesia (in Indonesian). 8 September 2017. Retrieved 23 September 2021.
15. Bhwana, Petir Garda (22 November 2022). "Homegrown Electric Bus Production Continues Post G20 Summit". Tempo. Retrieved 23 February 2023.
16. "Eight INKA Electric Bus Units Officially Operate In Bandung". voi.id. 25 December 2022. Retrieved 23 February 2023.
17. "Surabaya launches electric public buses". Tempo. 22 December 2022. Retrieved 23 January 2023.

External links

• Media related to Industri Kereta Api at Wikimedia Commons
• (in Indonesian) Official site
• (in English) Official site Archived 7 June 2017 at the Wayback Machine

7°37′03″S111°31′24″E / 7.617604°S 111.523461°E / -7.617604; 111.523461