Iris pseudocaucasica

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Iris pseudocaucasica
Iris pseudocaucasica.jpg
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Iridaceae
Genus: Iris
Subgenus: Iris subg. Scorpiris
Section: Iris sect. Scorpiris
Species:
I. pseudocaucasica
Binomial name
Iris pseudocaucasica
Synonyms [1]
  • Colchicum falcifolium(Stapf)
  • Juno pseudocaucasica (Grossh.) Rodion.

Iris pseudocaucasica is a species in the genus Iris , it is also in the subgenus Scorpiris. It is a bulbous perennial from central Asia, within the Caucasus (in Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia) and in Iran, Iraq and Turkey. It has

Contents

Description

It is not to be confused with Iris caucasica , although in the same sub-genus of iris, they are different plants. It differs from Iris caucasica by having yellowish green or blue flowers. [2]

Iris pseudocaucasica has a bulb of 1-1.5 cm diameter. [3]

It generally has 3–4 leaves, [2] when fully grown these reach a height of between 4–18 cm long and between 1–2.8 cm wide at the base of the plant, [3] but averagely, they are 1-1.5 cm wide. They are generally lanceolate shaped, channelled, glossy green above with a greyish-green below, with a white cartilaginous margin. [4] [3] [5] The large leaves normally obscure the flower stem, [5] which can reach a maximum height of 6–20 cm (2.4–7.9 in) tall. [6] [7]

It has generally 1–4 flowers per stem. [3] [6]

It blooms in the UK between April and June. [8] In Armenia. it flowers from March to May and fruits from May to June. [5]

The flowers can also be described as translucent yellow or icy blue, [7] [6] or creamy yellow, [4] or light bluish–violet. [5]

The flowers have a perianth tube of 3–4 cm long and bracts 4–5 cm long. [2] It has large winged standards, [8] which are about 2 cm long. [3] The pale blue forms have falls that have a yellow wavy crest. [2] [7]

It has an ellipsoid capsule, (produced after flowering) which is about 3.5 cm long, producing seeds about 4 mm long. [3]

Biochemistry

As most irises are diploid, having two sets of chromosomes, this can be used to identify hybrids and classification of groupings. [8] It has a chromosome count: 2n=20. [7] It has been studied in Iran during a karyotypic study in 2013, with Iris songarica, Iris aucheri and Iris sisyrinchium. [9]

Taxonomy

The specific epithet is derived from 'pseudo' from the Greek word meaning 'false' and 'caucasica' meaning from the Caucasus. [10]

It was first published in 'Vĕstnik Tiflisskago Botaniceskago Sada. Moniteur du Jardin Botanique de Tiflis' on pages 40–41 in 1916 by Alexander Alfonsovich Grossheim. [11] [12]

Iris pseudocaucasica is an accepted name by the RHS, [13] and it was verified by United States Department of Agriculture and the Agricultural Research Service on 4 April 2003, and then updated on 13 March 2017. [12]

It is listed in 1995 in 'Vascular plants of Russia and adjacent states (the former USSR)' by Czerepanov, S. K. [14]

Distribution and habitat

It is native to temperate regions of Asia. [12]

Range

Iris pseudocaucasica is found in South East Turkey, [7] North Eastern Iraq, [7] North and North western Iran and the former USSR state of Armenia, [2] [8] (part of Southern Transcaucasia). [6] [7] It also can be found in Azerbaijan, [3] and Nakhichevan, East Anatolia. [5]

Within Armenia, it is distributed in Yerevan (central part of Urts mountain range) and Meghri (Aygedzor, Vardanadzor, Gudemnis, Shvanidzor, and Nyuvadi towns) regions. Due to the loss of the irises natural habitat, which has been caused by an expansion of the local mining industry, it has become a 'threatened' plant and is becoming rarer to find. [5]

In Iran, it is found along the lakeside of the Chalus Gorge, north of Tehran, with in rock crevices, [15] and within Jahan Nama, Golestan, [16]

Only yellow-flowered forms of the species have been recorded in Turkey. [3]

Habitat

It prefers the clay, [5] stony hillsides, screes and mountain steppes. It is found at altitudes of between 600–3,500 m (2,000–11,500 ft) above sea level. [4] [3]

Cultivation

It is hardy to USDA Zone 4. [2]

It prefers to be cultivated in well-drained soils with a high rock/stone content, that are in full sun but are protected from winter damp. [4]

Related Research Articles

<i>Iris <span style="font-style:normal;">subg.</span> Scorpiris</i> Subgenus of flowering plants

Iris subg. Scorpiris, commonly called Juno, is a subgenus of Iris, representing the smooth-bulbed bulbous irises. For a while it was an independent genus Juno Tratt. in some classifications.

<i>Thalictrum flavum</i> Species of flowering plant

Thalictrum flavum, known by the common names common meadow-rue, and yellow meadow-rue, is a flowering plant species in the family Ranunculaceae. It is a native to Caucasus and Russia (Siberia). Growing to 100 cm (39 in) tall by 45 cm (18 in) broad, it is an herbaceous perennial producing clusters of fluffy yellow fragrant flowers in summer.

<i>Iris hyrcana</i> Species of flowering plant

Iris hyrcana, the Hyrcana iris, is a plant species in the genus Iris, it is classified in the subgenus Hermodactyloides and section Reticulatae. It is a bulbous perennial from central Asia, from Azerbaijan to Iran.

<i>Iris caucasica</i> Species of flowering plant

Iris caucasica is a species of plant in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus of Scorpiris. Pronounced as 'kaw-KAS-ee-kuh'.

<i>Iris tubergeniana</i> Species of flowering plant

Iris tubergeniana is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Scorpiris. It is a bulbous perennial from Central Asia, in the former states of USSR. It has pale green, pointed or sickle shaped leaves, short flowering stem holding 1-3 spring flowers in shades of yellow.

<i>Iris pontica</i> Species of flowering plant

Iris pontica is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Limniris and in series Spuriae. It is a dwarf rhizomatous perennial plant from eastern Europe, the Causcasus region and Russia, with a short stem and violet-blue and white flowers. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

Iris spuria subsp. musulmanica is a species of the genus Iris, part of a subgenus known as Limniris and in the series Spuriae. It is a subspecies of Iris spuria and is a rhizomatous perennial plant, from Armenia, Azerbaijan, Iran and Turkey in Asia with flowers in various shades of blue, but there are rare white forms. They have a yellow centre and darker veining. It has the common name of 'Muslim iris'. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

Iris falcifolia is a plant species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Iris and in the section Hexapogon. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Afghanistan, Iran and Pakistan. It is a small plant, with sickle-shaped greyish-green leaves, lilac-violet flowers and darker veining, and a white or yellow beard. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in dry, temperate regions.

Iris alexeenkoi is a plant species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Iris. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from the Caucasus mountains in Azerbaijan. It has green or greyish grass-like leaves, a short slender stem and 1–2 flowers that come in shades of purple, violet, purple-blue, or blue. It is closely related to Iris pumila. It is rarely cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

<i>Iris imbricata</i> Species of plant

Iris imbricata is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Iris. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from the Caucasus mountains, within Iran, Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia. It has broad, sword-like, yellow green or light green leaves, slender stem with branches, inflated and overlapping green spathes, and 2–5 yellow, pale yellow or greenish yellow flowers.

<i>Iris junonia</i> Species of plant

Iris junonia is a plant species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Iris. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from Cilicia, within the Taurus Mountains. It has glaucous short leaves, tall stems with several branches, numerous flowers in various colours from blue-purple, lavender, pale blue, cream, white and yellow, with brown veining and white tipped orange beards. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions. Its status is still unclear, if it is a synonym of Iris germanica or a separate species.

Iris purpureobractea is a plant species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Iris. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from the cliffs and forest glades on the mountains of Turkey. It has straight or falcate shaped leaves, stem with several branches, the stem has purple spathes, it has up to 8 fragrant flowers, in various colours between yellow or blue. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

Iris schachtii is a plant species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Iris. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from central Anatolia, in Turkey. It has small, thin grey-green leaves, a short stem with 1–3 branches, which are normally, covered with a green leaf with purple staining. It has 2 or more fragrant flowers in late spring, which come in shades of yellow or purple, or violet and yellow,. It has a yellow or white with yellow-tips beard. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions, but prefers regions with dry, hot summers.

Iris taochia is a plant species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Iris. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from the Caucasus mountains and Turkey. It forms dense clumps, with grey-green leaves, simple stems of similar height, with 1–3 branches, a flowers in various shades from white, yellow to purple. They also have yellowish or white, tipped yellow beard. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

<i>Iris acutiloba <span style="font-style:normal;">subsp.</span> lineolata</i> Subspecies of flowering plant

Iris acutiloba subsp. lineolata is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus of Iris. It is a subspecies of Iris acutiloba, and is a rhizomatous perennial, from the mountains of Iran, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan and Azerbaijan. It has narrow, lanceolate, or falcate (sickle-shaped) leaves, which are grey-green and glaucous. It has a slender straight stem holding one terminal flower. The flowers, come in shades of white, cream, or creamy white and have veining that is purple or brown, or a mixture of both. It is heavily veined or streaked in purple or brown, with a dark purple-brown, spot on 3 of the outer petals and brown, dark purple, or black short beard. It is rarely cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions, unless grown in a greenhouse.

<i>Iris acutiloba</i> Species of plant

Iris acutiloba is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus of Iris and section Oncocyclus. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from the mountains of the Caucasus and found in Turkey, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, Dagestan in the North Caucasus, and Iran. It is a dwarf species, with narrow, falcate or curved leaves, it has one flower in spring or early summer, that comes in shades from cream, creamy white, whitish, pale brown, light grey, to pale violet. It is heavily veined or streaked and pointed, with 2 dark spots and brown, purple, dark purple, or black short beard. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions. There are two subspecies, Iris acutiloba subsp. lineolata and Iris acutiloba subsp. longitepala.

Iris barnumiae is a species in the genus Iris; it is also in the subgenus Iris and in the section Oncocyclus. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from Armenia, Azerbaijan, Iran, Iraq, and Turkey. It has pale glaucous green and narrow leaves, that are slightly sickle-shaped and fade soon after blooming. It has, in mid- to late spring, fragrant flowers in shades of purple, from red-purple, mulberry to purplish-violet, with a yellow tipped with purple beard. It was renamed as I. barnumiae in after a plant naming conference in 2011, but is still sometimes named as I. barnumae in some sources. It has one accepted subspecies Iris barnumiae subsp. demawendica and two forms; Iris barnumiae f. protonyma (Stapf) B.Mathew & Wendelbo and Iris barnumiae f. urmiensis (Hoog) B.Mathew & Wendelbo, which has yellow flowers. Sometimes I. barnumiae f. barnumiae is used to describe the basic form. It is rarely cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions, due to its needing very dry and warm summer conditions.

Iris camillae is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Iris and in the section Oncocyclus. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from Azerbaijan. It has narrow, falcate (sickle-shaped) leaves, medium-sized stem and large flowers, where the flower colour is very variable, ranging from violet, purple, pale blue, and also yellow, and occasionally bi-colour forms are found. It has a yellow beard. It is rarely cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions, due to its environmental conditions of its natural habitat.

Iris grossheimii is a plant species in the genus Iris, subgenus Iris and section Oncocyclus. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from the Caucasus mountains of Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan. It has sickle shaped leaves, which are as long as the short stem, which carries one flower in spring. It is beige, pink or brown covered in dark lines that are, purple-brown or brown. It has a large blackish brown signal patch and brown or black beard. It is rarely cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions, as it needs very dry conditions during the summer.

<i>Iris iberica <span style="font-style:normal;">subsp.</span> elegantissima</i> Subspecies of flowering plant

Iris iberica subsp. elegantissima is a subspecies in the genus Iris, subgenus Iris and section Oncocyclus. It is a subspecies of Iris iberica and is a rhizomatous perennial, from Armenia, Turkey and Iran. It has large, thin and falcate (sickle-shaped) leaves, slender stem with a single flower between April and May. It has a white, cream or pale yellow ground, which is covered in dark veining or speckling in violet, mauve, purple or brown shades. The larger standards are paler, normally white and less veined. The falls, have darker veining and a dark signal patch and brown or purple beard. It is commonly known as Iris elegantissima, especially in Europe and Russia. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions, but normally needs some protection during the winter period.

References

  1. ↑ "Iris pseudocaucasica Grossh". www.theplantlist.org. 2013. Retrieved 18 September 2014.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 James Cullen, Sabina G. Knees, H. Suzanne Cubey (Editors) The European Garden Flora Flowering Plants: A Manual for the Identification at Google Books
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "I. pseudocaucasica". www.vanherbaryum.yyu.edu.tr. Retrieved 18 September 2014.
  4. 1 2 3 4 "Iris pseudocaucasica". www.rareplants.eu. Retrieved 18 September 2014.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Gabrielyan, Eleonora (2001). "Iris pseudocaucasica Grossh". www.mnp.am. Retrieved 18 September 2014.
  6. 1 2 3 4 Franco, Alain (20 April 2010). "(SPEC) Iris pseudocaucasica Grossh". wiki.irises.org (American Iris Society). Retrieved 18 September 2014.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Iris summary" (PDF). pacificbulbsociety.org. 14 April 2014. Retrieved 23 November 2014.
  8. 1 2 3 4 Austin, Claire (2005). Irises: A Gardener's Encyclopedia. Timber Press, Incorporated. ISBN   978-0881927306. OL   8176432M.
  9. ↑ Chakhgari, M.; Mozafari, J.; Lahiji, M. F. (2013). "Karyotypic study in some Iranian Iris species populations". cabdirect.org. Retrieved 18 September 2014.
  10. ↑ Stearn, William (1972). A Gardenerer's Dictionary of Plant Names. London: Cassell. p. 264 and 82. ISBN   0304937215.
  11. ↑ "Iris pseudocaucasica". apps.kew.org. Retrieved 18 September 2014.
  12. 1 2 3 "Iris pseudocaucasica". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 7 February 2018.
  13. ↑ "Iris pseudocaucasica". www.rhs.org.uk. Retrieved 18 September 2014.
  14. ↑ Vascular plants of Russia and adjacent states (the former USSR) , p. 281, at Google Books
  15. ↑ Wallis, Dr. & Mrs. R. (October 2009). "Iran Caspianto Kopet Dag" (PDF). agscentralsussex.plus.com (The Alpine Garden Society, Central Sussex Group). Retrieved 18 September 2014.
  16. ↑ Jafari, S.M.; Akhani, H. (2008). "Plants of Jahan Nama Protected Area, Golestan Province, N Iran" (PDF). pakbs.org. Retrieved 18 September 2014.

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