Ixodes anatis

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Ixodes anatis, also called the kiwi tick, is a species of tick in the arthropod family Ixodidae. It is endemic to New Zealand and mainly parasitizes kiwi (family Apterygidae).

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Ixodes anatis
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Chelicerata
Class: Arachnida
Order: Ixodida
Family: Ixodidae
Genus: Ixodes
Species:
I. anatis
Binomial name
Ixodes anatis
Chilton, 1904

Taxonomy

Ixodes anatis Chilton (1904), also called the kiwi tick, is a species of tick endemic to New Zealand. [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7]

The species was originally described by Charles Chilton in 1904. [8] It was given the name anatis because the first specimens were collected from a grey duck. [8] The type specimens are housed at Canterbury Museum, Christchurch, New Zealand (CMNZ). [6] [5] [4]

Since its original description, the morphology of I. anatis has only been partially described and characterized. [5] [8] All stages of the species were recently re-described and illustrated. [5]

Hosts

Ixodes anatis has a high host specificity and mainly parasitizes the North Island brown kiwi ( Apteryx mantelli ) and the tokoeka ( Apteryx australis ). [4] [5] There are a handful of records that show it may have also been found on certain species of waterfowl. [4] [5] It is considered to be an endophilous and nidicolous species, which means it lives within the burrows and nests of its host, the kiwi. [7]

Conservation status

Ixodes anatis is currently listed as "Not Threatened" in "Conservation status of parasitic mites and ticks (Acari) in New Zealand, 2021". [9] Although it was previously considered to be Threatened – Nationally Vulnerable, and although its bird hosts are threatened, a better understanding of its populations has led to an improved conservation status. [9]

References

  1. ↑ Bansal, Natasha; Castro, Isabel; Acebes, David Izquierdo; Pomroy, William E.; Kerkhoven, Arjane (2019). "Factors affecting abundance of different stages of the endophilic tick Ixodes anatis in brown kiwi (Apteryx mantelli) shelters" . Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases. 10 (4): 754–760. doi:10.1016/j.ttbdis.2019.03.008. PMID   31031164. S2CID   139101653.
  2. ↑ Bansal, Natasha; Pomroy, William E.; Heath, Allen C. G.; Castro, Isabel (2021). "Aspects of the development of Ixodes anatis under different environmental conditions in the laboratory and in the field". Parasites & Vectors. 14 (1): 85. doi: 10.1186/s13071-021-04601-z . ISSN   1756-3305. PMC   7841883 . PMID   33509249.
  3. ↑ Swift, Rose J.; Heath, Allen C.G.; Jamieson, Sarah E. (2015). "The kiwi tick, Ixodes anatis Chilton, 1904 (Acari: Ixodidae): aspects of its biology and ecology" . Systematic and Applied Acarology. 30 (1): 1. doi:10.11158/saa.20.1.1. ISSN   1362-1971. S2CID   84935929.
  4. 1 2 3 4 Cane, Rachel (September 2009). "Profile: Ixodes anatis Chilton 1904" (PDF). New Zealand Biosecure.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Kwak, Mackenzie L.; Heath, Allen C. G. (1 February 2018). "Redescription of the kiwi tick Ixodes anatis (Acari: Ixodidae) from New Zealand, with notes on its biology" . Experimental and Applied Acarology. 74 (2): 207–223. doi:10.1007/s10493-018-0214-6. ISSN   1572-9702. PMID   29404832. S2CID   254264413.
  6. 1 2 Heath, Allen C. G.; Kwak, Mackenzie L. (2 January 2019). "Ensuring the nomenclatural stability of Ixodes anatis Chilton, 1904 with the discovery of lost type material and the designation of a lectotype" . New Zealand Entomologist. 42 (1): 21–22. doi:10.1080/00779962.2019.1625023. ISSN   0077-9962. S2CID   196658272.
  7. 1 2 Heath, Allen C. G. (2010). A review of ectoparasites of Apteryx spp. (kiwi) in New Zealand, with new host records, and the biology of Ixodes anatis (Acari: Ixodidae). Tuhinga 21
  8. 1 2 3 Chilton, Charles (1904). "A species of Ixodes parasitic on the grey duck". Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New Zealand. 36: 201–202 – via Papers Past.
  9. 1 2 Heath, Allen C. G.; Rolfe, Jeremy Richard; Michel, Pascale (February 2022). "Conservation status of parasitic mites and ticks (Acari) in New Zealand, 2021". New Zealand Threat Classification Series. 37: 1–23.


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