Jaggedhead gurnard

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Jaggedhead gurnard
Gargariscus prionocephalus.jpg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Scorpaeniformes
Family: Peristediidae
Genus: Gargariscus
H. M. Smith, 1917
Species:
G. prionocephalus
Binomial name
Gargariscus prionocephalus
Synonyms [1]
  • Peristethidion prionocephalumDuméril, 1869
  • Peristedion undulatum Weber, 1913
  • Gargariscus undulatus(Weber, 1913)
  • Gargariscus semidentatus H. M. Smith, 1917

The jaggedhead gurnard (Gargariscus prionocephalus) is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Peristediidae, the armoured gurnards or armored searobins. This species is found in the eastern Indian Ocean and the western Pacific Ocean. It is the only known member of its genus.

Contents

Taxonomy

The jaggedhead gurnard was first formally described as Peristethidion prionocephalum in 1869 by the French zoologist Auguste Henri André Duméril with the type locality given as Sulawesi. [2] In 1917, Hugh McCormick Smith described a new species Gargariscus semidentatus and placed it in a new monotypic genus Gargariscus. This taxon was subsequently regarded as a junior synonym of Duméril‘s P. prionocephalum, although Smith's genus has been recognised as valid. [3] The genus name Gargariscus means "gullet" or "throat", an allusion Smith did not explain but may refer to the wide band of teeth on the premaxillaries. The specific name prionocephalum is a combination of prion, meaning "saw" and cephalus, which means "head", referring to the serrations on the edge of the head shield. [4]

Description

The jaggedhead gurnard has a wide shield over the head, [5] with saw-like serrations along its margin, [6] and large barbels on the lower jaw. [1] The head is triangular in shape and flattened with a short, wide process on the rostrum and a robust and sharp spine on the preoperculum. [7] The colour is orange to reddish-orange with black bands on the pectoral fin and a black edged dorsal fin. [5] This species attains a maximum total length of 30 cm (12 in). [1]

Distribution and habitat

The jaggedhead gurnard is found in the Indo-Pacific where it has been recorded from: Japan south to the Philippines and the Arafura Sea. In Australia it has been recorded from Darwin to North West Cape in Western Australia. [1] It is a deepwater fish of the continental shelf, [7] down to 340 m (1,120 ft). [1]

Biology

The jaggedhead gurnard can "walk" along the seabed using the separate lower fin rays of its pectoral fins, glide over the substrate by extending its pectoral fins, and use the barbels on its lower jaws to search for food. [6]

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Scaly gurnard</span> Species of fish

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<i>Lepidotrigla</i> Genus of fishes

Lepidotrigla is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Triglidae, the gurnards and sea robins. These gurnards are found in the Eastern Atlantic, Indian and Western Pacific Oceans.

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Paraheminodus is a genus of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Peristediidae, the armoured gurnards or armored searobins. These fishes are found in the western Pacific Ocean.

<i>Peristedion</i> Genus of fishes

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<i>Scalicus</i> Genus of fishes

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<i>Lepidotrigla kishinouyi</i> Species of fish

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<i>Pterygotrigla polyommata</i> Species of fish

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<i>Peristedion cataphractum</i> Species of marine ray-finned fish

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References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Gargariscus prionocephalus". FishBase . February 2022 version.
  2. ↑ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Gargariscus". Catalog of Fishes . California Academy of Sciences . Retrieved 24 June 2022.
  3. ↑ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Peristediidae". Catalog of Fishes . California Academy of Sciences . Retrieved 24 June 2022.
  4. ↑ Christopher Scharpf & Kenneth J. Lazara, eds. (10 June 2021). "Order Perciformes (Part 12): Suborder Triglioidei: Families Triglidae and Peristediidae". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara. Retrieved 23 June 2022.
  5. 1 2 Dianne J. Bray. "Gargariscus prionocephalus". Fishes of Australia. Museums Victoria. Retrieved 24 June 2022.
  6. 1 2 "The world's first jaggedhead gurnard on display!". Okinawa Churaumi Aquarium. 16 December 2019. Retrieved 24 June 2022.
  7. 1 2 W.J. Richards (1999). "Triglidae Gurnards, sea robins (also, armoured gurnards, armoured sea robins)". In Carpenter, K.E.; Niem, V.H. (eds.). FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Volume 4. Bony fishes part 2 (Mugilidae to Carangidae). FAO, Rome. pp. 2359–2382. ISBN   9251043019.
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