There is a long history of Jews in association football, including as "club owners, players, agents, analysts, fans, and directors". [1] [2] In Europe before World War Two, "Jews played a prominent part in European football as players, coaches, administrators and patrons, not to mention supporters". [3]
In England, Jewish businessmen helped form the Premier League in 1992. [4]
Tottenham Hotspur has a large proportion of Jewish supporters. [5] Their supporters refer to themselves as "Yids", seen as a derogatory term for Jews. The Metropolitan Police have said they will arrest anyone who uses the term Yid. [6] Their previous three chairmen were Jewish. [7] Leyton Orient (originally Clapton Orient) had Jewish players before the Second World War and continued to field Jewish players regularly up until the 80s, with their time in English top flight in the 60s being funded by two Jewish businessmen. [8]
In September 2010, West Ham United manager, Avram Grant and defender Tal Ben Haim were given permission to be absent from a game against Stoke City so they could celebrate the Jewish festival of Yom Kippur. [9]
In 2011 Rabbi Alex Goldberg was appointed as chairperson for the Football Association's Faith in Football group [10] and attended an anti-discrimination in football summit hosted by the Prime Minister at 10 Downing Street in February 2012. [11] In 2019, he initiated a project that saw the building of a Sukkah in Wembley Stadium, the home of English football. [12] In October 2023, Goldberg resigned from the Faith in Football group following the decision not to light the arch at Wembley Stadium, before upcoming England matches, in blue and white, the colours of the Israeli flag following the Hamas attack on Israel. [13]
In January 2020, Chelsea unveiled a mural by Solomon Souza on an outside wall of the West Stand at their Stamford Bridge stadium. The mural was part of Chelsea's 'Say No to Antisemitism' campaign funded by Jewish club owner Roman Abramovich. Included on the mural were depictions of footballers Julius Hirsch and Árpád Weisz, who were killed at Auschwitz concentration camp, and Ron Jones, a British prisoner of war known as the 'Goalkeeper of Auschwitz'. [14] In 2023, Chief Rabbi, Ephraim Mirvis, led a commemorative service for Hirsch at Stamford Bridge before a Champions League game against Borussia Dortmund. He delivered a prayer of remembrance and lit a yahrzeit candle, marking 80 years since Hirsch was murdered at Auschwitz. [15]
In January 2021, Premier League clubs commemorated Holocaust Memorial Day remembering the six million Jewish men, women and children killed between 1941 and 1945 by the Nazis and their collaborators in The Holocaust. [16]
In November 2021, two West Ham United supporters were arrested and later banned by the club after singing an antisemitic song as a Jewish man in Jewish religious clothing was walking down the aisle of a plane to take his seat on a flight from London Stansted to Belgium where West Ham were playing Genk in the 2021–22 Europa League. The two men were arrested suspicion of hate crimes, on their return to Stansted. [17] The two, from Essex and from Kent, were later charged with causing racially or religiously aggravated harassment, alarm or distress, an offence under section 4A of the Public Order Act. They were bailed to appeared at Chelmsford Magistrates' Court. [18] The court case later collapsed after the CPS could not determine whether the alleged offences took place in British airspace. [19]
In Scotland, Third Lanark was predominantly supported by Jewish supporters due to being in a mostly-Jewish area of Glasgow. [20] When Third Lanark dissolved in the 1960s, some Jewish supporters started to follow Celtic due to contemporary successes. [20] In modern times, many Jewish football fans in the city supported Rangers due to gaining support while at Protestant schools which were more open to Jewish students than Catholic schools. Rangers fans also fly the flag of Israel at matches in response to their Old Firm rivals Celtic using the flag of Palestine. [20] This was despite the Jewish Representative Council of Glasgow asking fans to stop due to the mix of politics and football making some feel uncomfortable. [20]
On 1 September 2023, Israeli footballer, Liel Abada signed a new four-year contract with Celtic having joined the club in July 2021. [21] His career with Celtic was affected by the Israel–Hamas war, as the Celtic's Green Brigade fans group demonstrated their support for Palestine by displaying the Palestinian flag. [22] [23] Abada met with Celtic senior management after these displays, which had led to him being criticised in Israel. Celtic issued a statement saying that it was "inappropriate" for the fans to show those messages. [24] Abada, injured when the war started, returned to the team in December. [25] Celtic manager Brendan Rodgers said in February 2024 that it was "challenging" for Abada to produce his best form in the circumstances, [25] and then confirmed that he could leave the club. [26] On 8 March 2024 Abada left Celtic joining Major League Soccer team Charlotte for a reported fee of £8 million. [27]
AFC Ajax of Amsterdam, like Tottenham Hotspur, has a long history of Jewish support and involvement despite not being an officially Jewish club. The club's former De Meer Stadion was located in the largely Jewish east side of the city. Three club presidents since World War II have been Jewish. Since 1976, some Ajax fans, largely non-Jewish, have dubbed themselves "Super Jews" in response to antisemitic chanting by rivals such as Feyenoord. [28]
The Mandatory Palestine national football team was founded as team representing Mandatory Palestine but only fielded Jewish players and played the Jewish song "Hatikvah" alongside "God Save the King" during their FIFA World Cup qualifiers. [29] In 1948, the governing body changed their name to the Israel Football Association following the establishment of Israel. [30]
Modern Jewish footballers have said they want to inspire others. [31] Jewish footballers playing in foreign countries have been allowed to avoid playing on the High Holy Day of Yom Kippur, or remain a substitute until the observance has finished. [32] [33]
Tottenham Hotspur Football Club, commonly referred to as simply Tottenham or Spurs, is a professional football club based in Tottenham, North London, England. It competes in the Premier League, the top tier of English football. The team has played its home matches in the Tottenham Hotspur Stadium since 2019, replacing their former home of White Hart Lane, which had been demolished to make way for the new stadium on the same site.
The word Yid, also known as the Y-word, is a Jewish ethnonym of Yiddish origin. It is used as an autonym within the Ashkenazi Jewish community, and also used as slang by European football fans, antisemites, and others. Its usage may be controversial in modern English language. It is not usually considered offensive when pronounced, the way Yiddish speakers say it, but some may deem the word offensive nonetheless. When pronounced by non-Jews, it is commonly intended as a pejorative term. It is used as a derogatory epithet by antisemites along with, and as an alternative to, the English word 'Jew'.
Robert David Keane is an Irish professional football coach and former player who played as a striker. Keane served as captain of the Republic of Ireland from March 2006 until his international retirement in August 2016. Keane is the most capped player and is the top goalscorer in the team's history.
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Julius Hirsch was a Jewish German Olympian international footballer who was murdered at Auschwitz concentration camp during the Holocaust. He helped the Karlsruher FV win the 1910 German football championship, and also played for the Germany national football team, including at the 1912 Summer Olympics. He then joined SpVgg Fürth, with whom he won the 1914 German football championship.
Eddy Hamel was an American soccer player who played as a right winger for Dutch club AFC Ajax. Hamel was the first Jewish player for Ajax. He was murdered by the Nazis in 1943 in Auschwitz concentration camp.
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