Substitute (association football)

Last updated
The substitute bench of the Argentina national team. Argentina substitute bench - Portugal vs. Argentina, 9th February 2011 (1).jpg
The substitute bench of the Argentina national team.

In association football, a substitute is a player who is brought on to the pitch during a match in exchange for an existing player. Substitutions are generally made to replace a player who has become tired or injured, or who is performing poorly, or for tactical reasons (such as bringing a striker on in place of a defender). A player who has been substituted during a match takes no further part in the game, in games played under the standard International Football Association Board Laws of the Game.

Contents

Substitutions were officially added to the Laws of the Game in 1958. Prior to this most games were played with no changes permitted at all, with occasional exceptions in cases of extreme injury or players not arriving to matches on time.

The number of substitutes has risen over time as well as the number of reserve players allowed to be nominated. It is now common for games to allow a maximum of 5 substitutions; some competitions allow for an additional substitution when playing extra time. [1] A maximum of 3 "substitution opportunities" are provided to a side during normal time, and an extra opportunity during extra time. Substitutions can be made during half-time breaks during normal and extra time, and full time breaks (before the start of extra time), but do not count as substitution opportunities. [2] There is also a provision of an additional substitution beyond whatever limits the match is being played under to be used specifically for a player who has sustained a concussion. [3]

Teams choose a substitute player from a pre-selected set of reserve players, these players typically sit in the technical area with the coaches, and are said to be "on the bench". When the substitute enters the field of play it is said they have come on or have been brought on, while the player they are substituting for is coming off, or being brought off or substituted. This pool of reserve players has also steadily increased in most competitions where they now allow 5, 7 or 9 reserves while in international competitive tournaments it is common that every player selected in the tournament squad (usually 23 players total) is an eligible substitute if they aren't suspended from the game.

A player who is noted for frequently making appearances, or scoring important goals, as a substitute is often informally known as a "super sub".

History

The origin of football substitutes goes back to at least the early 1860s as part of English public school football games. The original use of the term substitute in football was to describe the replacement of players who failed to turn up for matches. For example, in 1863, a match reports states: "The Charterhouse eleven played a match in cloisters against some old Carthusians but in consequence of the non-appearance of some of those who were expected it was necessary to provide three substitutes. [4] " The substitution of absent players happened as early as the 1850s, for example from Eton College where the term emergencies is used. [5] Numerous references to players acting as a "substitute" occur in matches in the mid-1860s [6] where it is not indicated whether these were replacements of absent players or of players injured during the match.

While substitution during games was first added to the Laws of the Game in 1958, [7] there are recorded instances of substitution being permitted on earlier occasions. A friendly in Glasgow between Lancelot and Crosshill in November 1875 saw a Lancelot player injured and Crosshill "allow[ed] them to put a fresh man in his place". [8] The earliest known use of a substitute in a competitive match came on 7 November 1885, when the Lockwood Brothers club used a substitute in an FA Cup first round replay against Notts Rangers, after midfielder F. Brears suffered a broken leg. [9]

The first use of a substitute in international football was on 15 April 1889, in the match between Wales and Scotland at Wrexham. Wales's original goalkeeper, Jim Trainer, failed to arrive; local amateur player Alf Pugh started the match and played for some 20 minutes until the arrival of Sam Gillam, who took over from him. [10] In 1940, in a match between Mandatory Palestine and Lebanon, Mandatory Palestine centre-half Zvi Fuchs was replaced at half-time by Lonia Dvorin following an injury. [11] [12] Also during the qualifying phase for the 1954 World Cup, Horst Eckel of Germany is recorded as having been replaced by Richard Gottinger in their match with the Saarland on 11 October 1953. [13] The use of substitutes in World Cup matches was not allowed until the 1970 tournament. [14]

The number of substitutes usable in a competitive match has increased from zero, meaning that teams were reduced if players' injuries could not allow them to play on, to one in 1958; to two out of a possible five in 1988. With the later increases in substitutions allowed, the number of potential substitute players increased to seven. [15] The number of substitutes increased to two plus one (injured goalkeeper) in 1994, [16] to three in 1995, [17] [18] and to a fourth substitute in certain competitions (starting from UEFA Euro 2016) in extra time. [19] In 2020, following a proposal from FIFA, the International Football Association Board allowed for competition organisers to temporarily allow for a maximum of five substitutions (with an additional allowed in extra time, where applicable) to be made in official matches for the remainder of the year in order to lessen the impact of fixture congestion caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. However, there will only be three opportunities to make substitutions (with an additional allowed in extra time, where applicable). [20]

Procedure

The assistant referee indicating a substitution Senal de Cambio de Jugador cropped.JPG
The assistant referee indicating a substitution
Fourth official notifying the referee of the details of the substitution Tomasz Zelazowski Krystian Kanarski KSZO.jpg
Fourth official notifying the referee of the details of the substitution

Substitutions are governed under Law 3 of the Laws of the Game in the (3) Substitution Procedure section. [21]

A player can only be substituted during a stoppage in play and with the permission of the referee. The player to be substituted (outgoing player) must have left the field of play before the substitute (incoming player) may enter the field of play; at that point the substitute becomes an active player and the person substituted ceases to be an active player. The incoming player may only enter the field at the halfway line. Failure to comply with these provisions may be punished by a caution (yellow card).

A player who has been substituted takes no further part in a match.

Unused substitutes still on the bench, as well as players who have been already substituted, remain under the authority of the referee. These are liable for misconduct, though cannot be said to have committed a foul. For example, in the 2002 FIFA World Cup, Claudio Caniggia was shown the red card for cursing at the referee from the bench.

Under the Laws of the Game, the referee has no specific power to force a player to be substituted, even if the team manager or captain has ordered their player to be substituted. As Law 3 (3) Substitution Procedure simply states that: "if a player who is to be replaced refuses to leave, play continues." However, in some situations players may still be liable to punishment with a caution (yellow card) if they are perceived to be wasting time or behaving in an unsporting manner by refusing to leave the field of play.

A player who has been sent off (red card) cannot be replaced; the team will have to continue with one fewer player. In the case of a goalkeeper who is sent off, the coach will usually (but is not required to) substitute an outfield player so that the backup goalkeeper can enter the game. For example, in the 2006 UEFA Champions League Final, Arsenal midfielder Robert Pires was replaced by second-choice goalkeeper Manuel Almunia to replace Jens Lehmann, who was sent off less than 20 minutes into the match. If all substitutions have been used, or if no goalkeeper is available, an outfield player must take up the role of the goalkeeper. A famous example of this is when Chelsea goalkeepers Petr Čech and Carlo Cudicini were both injured in the same game, which led to defender John Terry spending the remainder of the match in goal wearing third-choice goalkeeper Hilário's shirt. [22]

According to the Laws of the Game, "the number of substitutes, up to a maximum of five, which may be used in any match played in an official competition will be determined by FIFA, the confederation or the national football association." Also:

For lower non-leagues, amateur leagues and social leagues sanctioned by private football organisers in many countries, unlimited substitutions are allowed in each game.

Substitution opportunities

Following the introduction of five substitutions in matches, "substitution opportunities" were established to avoid time-wasting and disruption to the game. Each team is given only three windows (opportunities) during a match to make their five substitutions. For competitions allowing an additional substitution in extra time, each team will have one additional substitution opportunity (any unused substitution opportunities from regular time will carry over to extra time). Substitutions made at half-time, before the start of extra time, and at half-time in extra time do not count towards a team's substitution opportunities. When both teams make a substitution simultaneously, it counts as a used substitution opportunity for both teams. Multiple substitutions (and requests) made by a team during the same stoppage in play count as one used substitution opportunity. [20]

Concussion substitute

In October 2019, the International Football Association Board (IFAB) began discussing the use of additional substitutions for players who are suspected to have sustained a concussion during a match. [23] Earlier in the year, the chairman of FIFA's medical committee, Michel D'Hooghe, said the body was open to discussing concussion substitutions. [24] UEFA had also called for FIFA and IFAB to allow for temporary substitutes for suspected head injuries. [25] [26] The idea had been previously discussed by the FIFA Executive Committee five years earlier. However, the prevailing view was that the rule would hurt football's "universality", as it would be difficult to replicate on a grassroots level, and could be exploited to waste time and/or gain an additional substitution. [27]

In 2014, UEFA introduced a rule to allow referees to stop matches for up to three minutes to assess head injuries, with players only allowed to return after the team doctor could confirm the player's fitness to carry on. [28] The three-minute rule was similarly adopted at the 2018 FIFA World Cup. [29] The change came following high-profile head injuries at the 2014 FIFA World Cup, and calls by FIFPro for FIFA to review its concussion protocol. [30] [31]

Initially, IFAB had considered a ten-minute assessment period for players suspected of a concussion, with a substitute replacing them in the interim. [27] In December 2019, IFAB agreed to appoint an expert group, composed of sports medical specialists and football experts, to identify options for the assessment and management of suspected concussions during matches. [32] Following feedback from the Concussion Expert Group, IFAB announced in February 2020 that it would draw up concussion substitute protocols to be used in trials. [33] In October 2020, the expert group announced that an "additional permanent substitution" protocol would be used to protect the health of players using an "if in doubt, take them out" philosophy, and that trials would start in 2021. [34] [35] The protocol and trial was formally approved by IFAB on 16 December 2020. Under the protocol, players suspected of a concussion will be permanently removed from the match and replaced by a substitute. This prevents a player from sustaining multiple head injuries in a match, prevents teams from suffering a numerical or tactical disadvantage, reduces the pressure on medical personnel to make a quick assessment and can be applied on all levels of the game. [36] Competition organisers must be approved by FIFA and IFAB to participate in the trial period, which will last from January 2021 to March 2022. [37]

In January 2021, FIFA announced that it would trial concussion substitutes in the following month at the 2020 FIFA Club World Cup. [38] Later that month, it was announced that the Premier League, FA Women's Super League, FA Women's Championship and FA Cup would begin the trial in February 2021. [39] [40] On 9 February 2021, West Ham United made the first concussion substitution in English football during an FA Cup match against Manchester United, when Issa Diop was replaced by Ryan Fredericks at half-time following a head injury. [41] The trial is also taking place in the Eredivisie, Eerste Divisie and KNVB Cup. [42]

Trial protocol

IFAB announced two protocols for concussion substitutes, with competition organisers able to choose which to use. The use of concussion substitutes will operate in conjunction with other protocols used, including the three-minute break for an on-field concussion assessment. [43]

Both protocols use the following general principles and procedures: [43]

The following principles are specific to each protocol: [43]

Super-sub

The term "super-sub" refers to a player who is not a regular in the starting line-up but who is noted for often coming on a substitute and making a significant impact on the game. Players regarded as "super-subs" include David Fairclough and Divock Origi for Liverpool, [44] [45] John Hewitt for Aberdeen, [45] [46] [47] Tosaint Ricketts for Vancouver Whitecaps FC, Adam Le Fondre for Reading, [48] Ole Gunnar Solskjær, Javier Hernández and Scott McTominay for Manchester United, [49] [50] [45] [51] Mikael Forssell for Chelsea, [52] Edin Džeko for Manchester City, [53] Brendon Santalab for Western Sydney Wanderers, [54] Henrique for Brisbane Roar, [55] Stevie Kirk for Motherwell, [56] Archie Thompson, Joshua Kennedy and Tim Cahill for Australia, [57] [58] [59] [60] [61] [62] Fernando Llorente for Tottenham Hotspur, [63] [64] Roger Milla for Cameroon, [45] Oliver Bierhoff for Germany, [45] Ilsinho for Philadelphia Union, [65] and Abby Wambach and Carli Lloyd for the United States women's team. [66] [67]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Association football</span> Team sport played with a spherical ball

Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a team sport played between two teams of 11 players each, who primarily use their feet to propel a ball around a rectangular field called a pitch. The objective of the game is to score more goals than the opposing team by moving the ball beyond the goal line into a rectangular-framed goal defended by the opposing team. Traditionally, the game has been played over two 45-minute halves, for a total match time of 90 minutes. With an estimated 250 million players active in over 200 countries and territories, it is the world's most popular sport.

The golden goal is a rule used in association football, rugby league, lacrosse, field hockey, and ice hockey to decide the winner of a match in which scores are equal at the end of normal time. It is a type of sudden death. Under this rule, the game ends when a goal or point is scored; the team that scores that goal or point during extra time is the winner. Introduced formally in 1993, though with some history before that, the rule ceased to apply to most FIFA-authorized football games in 2004. The similar silver goal supplemented the golden goal between 2002 and 2004.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Futsal</span> Team sport, variant of association football

Futsal is a football-based game played on a hardcourt like a basketball court, smaller than a football pitch, and mainly indoors. It has similarities to five-a-side football and indoor football.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Penalty shoot-out (association football)</span> Procedure in association football to determine the winner of a drawn match

In association football, a penalty shoot-out is a tie-breaking method to determine which team is awarded victory in a match that cannot end in a draw, when the score is tied after the normal time as well as extra time has expired. In a penalty shoot-out, each team takes turns shooting at goal from the penalty mark, with the goal defended only by the opposing team's goalkeeper. Each team has five shots which must be taken by different players; the team that makes more successful kicks is declared the victor. Shoot-outs finish as soon as one team has an insurmountable lead. If scores are level after five pairs of shots, the shootout progresses into additional "sudden-death" rounds. Balls successfully kicked into the goal during a shoot-out do not count as goals for the individual kickers or the team, and are tallied separately from the goals scored during normal play. Although the procedure for each individual kick in the shoot-out resembles that of a penalty kick, there are some differences. Most notably, neither the kicker nor any player other than the goalkeeper may play the ball again once it has been kicked.

The Laws of the Game are the codified rules of association football. The laws mention the number of players a team should have, the game length, the size of the field and ball, the type and nature of fouls that referees may penalise, the offside law, and many other laws that define the sport. During a match, it is the task of the referee to interpret and enforce the Laws of the Game.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fouls and misconduct (association football)</span> Unfair act by a player in association football

In the sport of association football, fouls and misconduct are acts committed by players which are deemed by the referee to be unfair and are subsequently penalised. An offence may be a foul, misconduct or both depending on the nature of the offence and the circumstances in which it occurs. Fouls and misconduct are addressed in Law 12 of the Laws of the Game. A foul is an unfair act by a player, deemed by the referee to contravene the game's laws, that interferes with the active play of the match. Fouls are punished by the award of a free kick to the opposing team. A list of specific offences that can be fouls are detailed in Law 12 of the Laws of the Game ; these mostly concern unnecessarily aggressive physical play and the offence of handling the ball. An infringement is classified as a foul when it meets all the following conditions:

  1. It is committed by a player ;
  2. It occurs on the field of play;
  3. It occurs while the ball is in play;
  4. It is committed against an opponent.
<span class="mw-page-title-main">Penalty card</span> Card shown for misconduct in sports

Penalty cards are used in many sports as a means of warning, reprimanding or penalising a player, coach or team official. Penalty cards are most commonly used by referees or umpires to indicate that a player has committed an offence. The official will hold the card above their head while looking or pointing toward the player who has committed the offence. This action makes the decision clear to all players, as well as spectators and other officials in a manner that is language-neutral. The colour or shape of the card used by the official indicates the type or seriousness of the offence and the level of punishment that is to be applied. Yellow and red cards are the most common, typically indicating, respectively, cautions and dismissals.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Assistant referee (association football)</span> Football official

In association football, an assistant referee is an official who assists the referee in administering the Laws of the Game during a match. Although assistants are not required under the Laws, at most organised levels of football the match officiating crew consists of the referee and at least two assistant referees. The responsibilities of the various assistant referees are listed in Law 6, "The Other Match Officials". In the current Laws the term "assistant referee" technically refers only to the two officials who generally patrol the touchlines, with the wider range of assistants to the referee given other titles.

In team sports, substitution is replacing one player with another during a match. Substitute players that are not in the starting lineup reside on the bench and are available to substitute for a starter. Later in the match, that substitute may be substituted for by another substitute or by a starter who is currently on the bench.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Goal-line technology</span> Electronic aid to determine if a goal has been scored in association football

In association football, goal-line technology is the use of electronic aid to determine if a goal has been scored or not. In detail, it is a method used to determine when the ball has completely crossed the goal line in between the goal-posts and underneath the crossbar with the assistance of electronic devices and at the same time assisting the referee in awarding a goal or not. The objective of goal-line technology (GLT) is not to replace the role of the officials, but rather to support them in their decision-making. The GLT must provide a clear indication as to whether the ball has fully crossed the line, and this information will serve to assist the referee in making their final decision.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Video assistant referee</span> Association football official reviewing decisions

The video assistant referee (VAR) is a match official in association football who assists the referee by reviewing decisions using video footage and providing advice to the referee based on those reviews.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Comparison of association football and futsal</span> Comparison between futsal and association football

Futsal began in the 1930s in South America as a version of association football, taking elements of its parent game into an indoor format so players could still play during inclement weather. Over the years, both sports have developed, creating a situation where the two sports share common traits while also hosting various differences.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2020 UEFA Super Cup</span> Football match

The 2020 UEFA Super Cup was the 45th edition of the UEFA Super Cup, an annual football match organised by UEFA and contested by the reigning champions of the two main European club competitions, the UEFA Champions League and the UEFA Europa League. The match featured German club Bayern Munich, the winners of the 2019–20 UEFA Champions League, and Spanish club Sevilla, the winners of the 2019–20 UEFA Europa League. It was played at the Puskás Aréna in Budapest, Hungary on 24 September 2020.

The 2021 UEFA Nations League Finals was the final tournament of the 2020–21 edition of the UEFA Nations League, the second season of the international football competition involving the men's national teams of the 55 member associations of UEFA. The tournament was held in Italy from 6 to 10 October 2021, and was contested by the four group winners of Nations League A. The tournament consisted of two semi-finals, a third place play-off and final to determine the champions of the UEFA Nations League.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2021 UEFA Champions League final</span> Association football match

The 2021 UEFA Champions League final was the final match of the 2020–21 UEFA Champions League, the 66th season of Europe's premier club football tournament organised by UEFA, and the 29th season since it was renamed from the European Cup to the UEFA Champions League. It was played at the Estádio do Dragão in Porto, Portugal on 29 May 2021, between English clubs Manchester City, in their first European Cup final, and 2012 winners Chelsea. This was the third all-English final in the competition, after the 2008 and 2019 finals.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2021 UEFA Europa League final</span> Final match of the 2020–21 UEFA Europa League

The 2021 UEFA Europa League Final was the final match of the 2020–21 UEFA Europa League, the 50th season of Europe's secondary club football tournament organised by UEFA, and the 12th season since it was renamed from the UEFA Cup to the UEFA Europa League. It was played on 26 May 2021 at the Gdańsk Stadium in Gdańsk, Poland, between Spanish club Villarreal and English club Manchester United.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2021 UEFA Super Cup</span> Football match

The 2021 UEFA Super Cup was the 46th edition of the UEFA Super Cup, an annual football match organised by UEFA and contested by the winners of the two main European club competitions, the UEFA Champions League and the UEFA Europa League. The match featured English club Chelsea, the winners of the 2020–21 UEFA Champions League, and Spanish club Villarreal, the winners of the 2020–21 UEFA Europa League. It was played at Windsor Park—went by the name of National Football Stadium at Windsor Park—in Belfast, Northern Ireland, on 11 August 2021.

The 2020 FIFA Club World Cup final was the final match of the 2020 FIFA Club World Cup, an international club football tournament hosted by Qatar. It was the 17th final of the FIFA Club World Cup, a FIFA-organised tournament between the club champions from each of the six continental confederations, as well as the host nation's league champions.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2022 UEFA Europa League final</span> The final of the 2021–22 edition of the UEFA Europa League

The 2022 UEFA Europa League Final was the final match of the 2021–22 UEFA Europa League, the 51st season of Europe's secondary club football tournament organised by UEFA, and the 13th season since it was renamed from the UEFA Cup to the UEFA Europa League. It was played at Ramón Sánchez Pizjuán Stadium in Seville, Spain, on 18 May 2022, between German club Eintracht Frankfurt and Scottish club Rangers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2022 UEFA Super Cup</span> Football match

The 2022 UEFA Super Cup was the 47th edition of the UEFA Super Cup, an annual football match organised by UEFA and contested by the reigning champions of the top two European club competitions, the UEFA Champions League and the UEFA Europa League. The match featured Spanish club Real Madrid, winners of the 2021–22 UEFA Champions League, and German club Eintracht Frankfurt, winners of the 2021–22 UEFA Europa League. It was played at the Olympic Stadium in Helsinki, Finland on 10 August 2022. The match was also a repeat of the 1960 European Cup final between both clubs, which was won 7–3 by Real Madrid. The match was the first European club competition fixture featuring the Semi-Automated Offside Technology (SAOT).

References

  1. ↑ Fisher, Ben (27 July 2016). "FA announces plans to introduce fourth substitute during extra time of FA Cup". The Guardian.
  2. ↑ "LAW 3 – The Players". IFAB. Retrieved Dec 9, 2022.
  3. ↑ Thompson, Jaylon. "What is FIFA concussion protocol for World Cup 2022?". USA Today. Retrieved Dec 9, 2022.
  4. ↑ Bell's Life in London and Sporting Chronicle (London, England), Sunday, February 22, 1863; pg. 7.New Readerships
  5. ↑ Bell's Life in London and Sporting Chronicle (London, England), Sunday, November 11, 1855; p. 7.
  6. ↑ Bell's Life in London and Sporting Chronicle (London, England), Saturday, December 17, 1864; Issue 2,226.
  7. ↑ "History of the Laws of the Game". Fifa.com. Archived from the original on 4 June 2007. Retrieved 5 September 2017.
  8. ↑ "Crosshill v Lancelot". North British Daily Mail: 6. 8 November 1875.
  9. ↑ "English Challenge Cup", Athletic News, 10 November 1885, p. 3
  10. ↑ "Wales 0 Scotland 0". www.londonhearts.com. 15 April 1889. Retrieved 17 December 2011.
  11. ↑ Shohat, Elisha (2006). 100 שנות כדורגל: 1906–2006[100 Years of Football: 1906–2006] (in Hebrew). Hod Hasharon. pp. 109–110.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  12. ↑ "Lebanon outclassed by Palestine selected". The Palestine Post. 30 April 1940. Retrieved 25 March 2020.
  13. ↑ "Switzerland 1954 : World Cup Football Host". Topendsports.com. Retrieved 2009-10-25.
  14. ↑ "FIFA World Cup: Milestones, facts & figures. Statistical Kit 7" (PDF). FIFA. 26 March 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 May 2013.
  15. ↑ Taylor Rash (3 July 2014). "FIFA World Cup: FIFA Considering Fourth Substitution in Extra Time". Guardian Liberty Voice. Retrieved 7 January 2015.
  16. ↑ Mark Mitchener (17 June 2014). "World Cup 2014: Golden goals, golf carts and other innovations". BBC Sport . Retrieved 7 January 2015.
  17. ↑ Mitch Phillips (5 November 2007). "Substitute the subs rule?". Reuters Soccer Blog. Reuters. Archived from the original on November 6, 2007. Retrieved 7 January 2015.
  18. ↑ History of the Laws of the Game – 1990–2000, FIFA.com.
  19. ↑ "Regulations in English 2017 Version" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-09-05. Retrieved 2017-07-13.
  20. 1 2 "Five substitutes option temporarily allowed for competition organisers". International Football Association Board . 8 May 2020. Retrieved 9 May 2020.
  21. ↑ "The Laws of the Game. Law 3 – The Players. 3.3 Substitution Procedure". The IFAB. Retrieved 13 December 2022.
  22. ↑ "Chelsea substitute keeper Carlo Cudicini was stretchered off in a neck brace as the champions beat Reading". BBC. 14 October 2006.
  23. ↑ "IFAB Advisory Panels continue to discuss on key topics". International Football Association Board . 23 October 2019. Retrieved 1 February 2021.
  24. ↑ "FIFA ready to discuss concussion substitutions – Times". Reuters . 2 May 2019. Retrieved 1 February 2021.
  25. ↑ Ziegler, Martyn (30 May 2019). "Uefa calls for temporary subs in concussion cases". The Times . Retrieved 1 February 2021.
  26. ↑ "UEFA to ask FIFA/IFAB for new concussion protocol". UEFA . 29 May 2019. Retrieved 1 February 2021.
  27. 1 2 Slater, Matt (18 September 2019). "Exclusive: 10-minute 'concussion subs' set to be introduced as football finally catches up with elite sport". The Athletic . Retrieved 1 February 2021.
  28. ↑ "New concussion procedure". UEFA . 29 September 2014. Retrieved 1 February 2021.
  29. ↑ "World Cup doctors given access to replays to assess concussions". ESPN . Associated Press. 27 February 2018. Retrieved 1 February 2021.
  30. ↑ Khetpal, Vishal (14 June 2018). "FIFA's Rule Changes Won't Solve Soccer's Concussion Problem". Slate . Retrieved 1 February 2021.
  31. ↑ "FIFPro calls for concussion investigation". FIFPro . 20 June 2014. Retrieved 1 February 2021.
  32. ↑ "2019 Annual Business Meeting confirms The IFAB focus on concussion assessment and management in football". International Football Association Board . 3 December 2019. Retrieved 1 February 2021.
  33. ↑ "The IFAB agrees to implement substitution trials to address concussion incidents". International Football Association Board . 29 February 2020. Retrieved 1 February 2021.
  34. ↑ "Second meeting of Concussion Expert Group recommends trials of additional permanent substitutions". International Football Association Board . 21 October 2020. Retrieved 1 February 2021.
  35. ↑ "Proposals for additional substitution trials in cases of suspected concussion supported by The IFAB's advisory panels". International Football Association Board . 23 November 2020. Retrieved 1 February 2021.
  36. ↑ "IFAB approves trials with additional concussion substitutes". International Football Association Board . 16 December 2020. Retrieved 1 February 2021.
  37. ↑ Johnson, Dale (16 December 2020). "Heads up: Football lawmakers approve concussion subs". ESPN . Retrieved 1 February 2021.
  38. ↑ "FIFA to trial concussion substitutes at FIFA Club World Cup". FIFA. 8 January 2021. Retrieved 1 February 2021.
  39. ↑ "Joint statement on additional permanent concussion substitutions". The Football Association . 29 January 2021. Retrieved 1 February 2021.
  40. ↑ Johnson, Dale (29 January 2021). "Premier League to trial concussion subs from Feb. 6". ESPN . Retrieved 1 February 2021.
  41. ↑ Stone, Simon (10 February 2021). "Solskjaer praises Man Utd mentality". BBC Sport . Retrieved 21 February 2021.
  42. ↑ "KNVB start pilot extra wissel bij hersenschuddingen" [KNVB starts pilot for extra substitution in case of concussions]. Royal Dutch Football Association (in Dutch). 2 February 2021. Retrieved 4 February 2021.
  43. 1 2 3 "IFAB Circular no. 21" (PDF). International Football Association Board . Zürich. 18 December 2020. Archived (PDF) from the original on 20 January 2021. Retrieved 1 February 2021.
  44. ↑ "Liverpool FC super-sub David Fairclough suffers heart scare". Liverpool Echo. 4 October 2010. Retrieved 22 October 2012.
  45. 1 2 3 4 5 "5 of football's finest super-subs". BT Sport. 23 September 2015.[ dead link ]
  46. ↑ "Hewitt's glory in Gothenburg". UEFA. 19 May 2003. Retrieved 10 July 2024.
  47. ↑ "Aberdeen's glory in Gothenburg: 30 years on". BBC Sport. 11 May 2013. Retrieved 10 July 2024.
  48. ↑ "Adam Le Fondre named Barclays player of the month without starting a game". 6 February 2013. Retrieved 10 February 2012.
  49. ↑ "Sizzling super subs". BBC Sport. 11 April 2001. Retrieved 22 October 2012.
  50. ↑ Tongue, Steve (12 November 2012). "Javier Hernandez replaces Ole Gunnar Solskjaer as Manchester United's super-sub" . The Independent. Archived from the original on 25 May 2022. Retrieved 12 November 2012.
  51. ↑ "Scott McTominay, Ole Gunnar Solskjaer and Man Utd's greatest ever super subs - RANKED". Goal.com. 13 February 2024. Retrieved 15 March 2024.
  52. ↑ "Super sub Forssell just Champion for Chelsea". Irish Independent. 7 March 2002. Retrieved 12 March 2015.
  53. ↑ James, Stuart (21 October 2012). "Edin Dzeko rejects 'super sub' tag after rescuing Manchester City". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 October 2012.
  54. ↑ Greco, John. "Santa's secret to his super-sub success". A-League. Football Federation Australia. Retrieved 10 February 2016.
  55. ↑ Bennett, Josh (14 November 2014). "Mulvey lauds super-sub Henrique". A-League.
  56. ↑ "Stevie Kirk recalls his finest hour". Daily Record. 19 May 2011.
  57. ↑ "Thompson relishes super-sub role : The World Game on SBS". Archived from the original on 2013-06-21. Retrieved 2018-09-25.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  58. ↑ "Super-sub Josh Kennedy has Socceroos headed for World Cup" . The Border Mail. 1 April 2009.
  59. ↑ "Super-sub Kennedy sends Australia to Brazil". The World Game. 19 June 2013.
  60. ↑ Lucius, Adam. "Tim Cahill happy to be Ange's 'super sub'". Goal.
  61. ↑ "Socceroos News | Tim Cahill happy to be Socceroos super sub". Archived from the original on 2014-06-06. Retrieved 2014-06-05.
  62. ↑ Davutovic, David (20 November 2013). "Tim Cahill happy to play role of impact sub after coming on to score against Costa Rica". Herald Sun.
  63. ↑ Napoli leading Llorente race, Football Italia, 13 August 2019
  64. ↑ Jose Mourinho and Rio Ferdinand praise super-sub Fernando Llorente, The Boot Room, 9 May 2019
  65. ↑ "Season review: Ilsinho redefines what it means to be a "super sub"". The Philly Soccer Page. 2019-11-13. Retrieved 2020-12-10.
  66. ↑ Litman, Laken (20 June 2015). "USWNT legend Abby Wambach reflects on her new role as an occasional super sub". For The Win. USA Today. Retrieved 2019-06-03.
  67. ↑ Peterson, Anne M. (24 May 2019). "USWNT face greater challenges in their quest for 2nd straight World Cup". Chicago Tribune. Associated Press. Retrieved 2019-06-03.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.