John L. Thornton

Last updated

John Lawson Thornton
Born (1954-01-02) January 2, 1954 (age 69) [1]
NationalityAmerican
Education Hotchkiss School
Alma mater Harvard University (AB)
St John's College, Oxford (MA)
Yale University (MPPM)

John Lawson Thornton (born January 2, 1954) is an American businessman and professor and director of the Global Leadership Program at Tsinghua University in Beijing. [2] He is also executive chairman of Barrick Gold Corporation [3] [4] and non-executive chairman of PineBridge Investments. [5] Thornton stepped down as co-president of Goldman Sachs in 2003. [6]

Contents

Early life and education

Thornton is the son of John V. Thornton, former vice chairman of the Consolidated Edison Company, and Edna Lawson Thornton, a lawyer. [7] [8] He attended the Hotchkiss School, and later served as President of the school's Board of Trustees. [9]

Thornton received a Bachelor of Arts in history from Harvard College in 1976, a Bachelor of Arts in jurisprudence (promoted by seniority to Master of Arts) from St John's College, Oxford in 1978, which qualified him as a lawyer, and a master's degree in public and private management (MPPM) from the Yale School of Management in 1980. [10] He was awarded an honorary doctorate from the Bank Street College of Education in 2003. [11] Thornton was fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2007 and an honorary fellow of St. John's College, Oxford University in 2009. [12]

Career

Thornton joined Goldman Sachs in 1980. [13] In 1983, he founded Goldman Sachs' European mergers and acquisitions business. He served as co-CEO of Goldman Sachs International in London from 1995 to 1996. Thornton was Chairman of Goldman Sachs Asia from 1996 to 1998, where he expanded the firm's regional franchise during the Asian financial crisis. He became co-president of Goldman Sachs in 1999. [14] When then-CEO Henry Paulson delayed his retirement and Thornton's expected promotion, Thornton left Goldman Sachs in 2003 and became a professor at Tsinghua University in Beijing. Thornton is the first non-Chinese full professor at Tsinghua University since 1949. [15] Thornton did not speak any Chinese languages at the time of his appointment. [16] The New York Times reported that Thornton's Goldman exit “was not met with resistance from senior management”. [17]

Thornton was non-executive chairman at Laura Ashley, the British fashion retailer, between 1995 and 2002.

Thornton joined the board of directors for Ford Motor Company in 1996. William Clay Ford, Jr. – then CEO and chairman at Ford – had been friends with Thornton since their prep school days together at The Hotchkiss School. Their personal ties came under "sharp scrutiny" [14] when William Clay Ford, Jr., received 400,000 shares in Goldman Sachs's 1999 IPO, the largest individual award of that IPO by a large margin. [18] In 2002, an escalating series of investigations and congressional hearings revealed that Goldman Sachs had “spun hot IPO shares to preferred clients”, mostly CEOs, as "an inducement to win investment banking business" from those clients. Goldman Sachs collected $87 million in investment fees from Ford Motor Company between 1996 and 2002. A board ethics whistle-blower described Goldman's role in the bank's activities with Ford as being "the umpire and pitcher in the same game". [19] [20] Thornton remains a member of Ford's compensation, finance and nominating and governance committees and is the longest serving independent director of Ford. [21] Thornton played a significant role in helping Ford survive the financial crisis. [22]

In 2005, Thornton became the founding chairman of the Nelson Mandela Legacy Trust in the United States. [23]

In December 2008, Thornton became a board member at HSBC and stepped down in 2013. Thornton has also served on the Boards of Intel, ICBC, China Unicom, IMG, BSkyB, DirectTV, News Corp. and on the advisory board of McKinsey.

Thornton was appointed to the board of Barrick Gold in May 2012 and became Executive Chairman of Barrick Gold [3] in 2014. [24] In May 2017, the government of Tanzania accused Acacia Mining, a subsidiary of Barrick Gold, of “under-reporting its gold exports by a factor of ten”. The investigation revealed that copper and silver were also under-reported, and sulfur, iron, iridium, titanium and zinc were present, but not accounted for. The Tanzanian government then imposed a ban on the export of gold and copper concentrates. The accusation and ban halved Acacia's market value. [25] In October 2017, Thornton met with John Magufuli, then president of Tanzania, for six hours, emerging with a preliminary deal that included a $300 million payment for back taxes from Acacia to the Tanzanian government, as well as the Tanzanian government taking a 16% stake in Acacia's mines. [26] Thornton reportedly did not tell Acacia the terms of the proposal until after the deal was announced, even though Acacia, not Barrick, would be responsible for the payment. [27] Shortly after Thornton's deal with Magufuli was announced, Acacia's top executives – CEO Brad Gordon, CFO Andrew Wray and COO Mark Morcombe, under whose tenure relations with the Tanzanian government had deteriorated – resigned. [28] The resolution allowed Acacia and Barrick to resume operations in Tanzania. In January 2020, Barrick formalized a joint venture with the Tanzanian government covering the North Mata, Bulyanhulu and Buzwagi mines. [29]

On September 24, 2018, Barrick Gold [3] announced plans to acquire London-listed Randgold Resources in a transformational deal valued at more than $6.5 billion. [30] [31] The merger solidified Barrick's position as one of the world's largest gold mining companies, with proven and probable reserves of 78 million ounces of gold and dominant land positions in many of the world's major gold producing regions. [32] Thornton led the all-stock, nil-premium merger, which earned the support of more than 95% of the shareholders of both companies. [33]

In February 2019, Barrick Gold announced a hostile $19 billion bid to acquire Newmont Mining Corporation, an American company based in Denver, Colorado. [34] [35] Newmont's board unanimously rejected the offer, describing Barrick's “egocentric proposal” as “designed to transfer value from Newmont shareholders to Barrick's”. [36] Newmont CEO Gary Goldberg said, “[O]ne of the major factors that hindered Barrick's ability to create value in the past remains the same... John Thornton is still firmly in control.” [36] Newmont later reversed this position and agreed to enter into a joint venture with Barrick in Nevada. [37]

In August 2020, Warren Buffett's Berkshire Hathaway disclosed that it had purchased 20.9 million shares of Barrick Gold, a position valued at $563.5 million by the end of the second quarter of 2020. [38] Just three months later in February 2021, Berkshire Hathaway sold its entire Barrick Gold stake. [39]

Thornton currently serves as Chair Emeritus [40] of The Brookings Institution and Co-Chair of the Asia Society. [41] In addition to these academic and research affiliations, Thornton has also authored forewords for three books, including "Social Ethics in a Changing China", [42] "China in 2020" [43] and "Democracy is a Good Thing". [44]

Interest in China

Thornton's interest in China stretches to at least November 1997, when Goldman Sachs assisted China Telecom with its $4.2 billion IPO, one of the first international listings of a Chinese state-owned company. [45] By the time Thornton left his position at Goldman, the bank had become the lead underwriter for major Chinese state-owned companies. [13]

Thornton joined the board of trustees of the Brookings Institution in May 2000, [46] and became chairman in June 2003. [47] Brookings established the John L. Thornton China Center in 2006 with an initial $12.5 million donation from John Thornton. [48] The center has offices in Washington and Beijing and provides recommendations to decision makers in China and the West. [49] [50] In November 2018, Thornton stepped down as board chair and became chair emeritus. [51]

In 2009, he became an inaugural member of the International Advisory Council of the Chinese sovereign wealth fund China Investment Corporation. [52] He is also listed as Chairman of the Board of the Silk Road Finance Corporation [53]

Thornton was a senior consultant [54] for the Confucius Institute.

Thornton was an original member of the Schwarzman Scholars board of trustees, founded in 2013 by Stephen A. Schwarzman. [55] Thornton's son, J. R. Thornton, was named a Schwarzman Scholar in 2017. [56]

In September 2017, Thornton helped arrange a meeting between Steve Bannon and Wang Qishan, Thornton's friend and former head of the China Construction Bank and the current Vice President of the People's Republic of China, [57] at the Communist Party's Zhongnanhai headquarters a few weeks after Bannon was forced out of his advisory role in President Donald Trump's administration. [58] Bannon, also a former Goldman employee, has described Thornton as a friend and mentor. [59]

Thornton, alongside Secretary of Treasury, Steve Mnuchin, and US Trade Representative Ambassador Robert Lighthizer, served as one of the architects of Phase I of the US-China trade deal. [60] US President Donald Trump's ally [61] and Palm Beach neighbor, [62] Thornton has represented the United States during the trade war escalations of Trump's four-year term, including in a closed-door meeting in 2018 with Vice-Premier Liu He and the international advisory board of China's sovereign wealth fund. [61]

In September 2021, George Soros, Hungarian-Born American investor and philanthropist, criticized Thornton in a The Wall Street Journal opinion editorial, saying that Thornton's work to funnel U.S. investment dollars to China "imperils the national security interests of the U.S. and other democracies because the money invested in China will help prop up President Xi's regime, which is repressive at home and aggressive abroad". [63]

Interest in Mongolia

Over his career, Thornton has built relationships with leaders of countries in which his current and former companies have conducted business. Some of these relationships include American President Donald Trump, [60] Chinese President Xi Jinping, [64] Australian Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull, [65] South African President Nelson Mandela, [23] Mongolian President Nambaryn Enkhbayar, [66] Congolese President Félix Tshisekedi [67] and Tanzanian President John Magufuli. [68] Thornton developed a friendship with Enkhbayar, who was arrested in April 2012 by Mongolia's anti-corruption commission after being accused of misuse of state property while in office. [69] Thornton played a key role in a campaign led by Senator Dianne Feinstein (D-CA) [70] to gain international support for Enkhbayar, who had been convicted by a government court in August 2012. [71] [72] Senator Feinstein took the position that due process of law had not been followed in Enkhbayar's trial. [70] Enkhbayar was released and pardoned by the new President of Mongolia [73]

Recognition

In 2007, Institutional Investor Magazine named John Thornton one of forty individuals who have had the greatest influence in shaping global financial markets over the past forty years. [74] He received the 2009 Intercollegiate Tennis Association (ITA) Achievement Award, [75] which every year honors one past participant in collegiate tennis who has made unique contributions to society as well as achieving excellence in their careers.

Thornton appeared on the National Post's 2017 Power List of the most influential people shaping Canadian business. The newspaper noted Thornton has "overseen a massive overhaul at Toronto-based Barrick" following which the company "has shed billions of dollars of debt and generated excellent financial results." [76]

In 2008, he was awarded the Friendship Award of the People's Republic of China, the highest honor accorded to a non-Chinese citizen. [77] The Chinese government also named him as one of fifteen 'foreign experts' who have made the most significant contribution to China's development over the past three decades. [78]

Personal life

Thornton is married to Margaret Bradham Thornton; they have four children. [79]

In 2011, The Wall Street Journal reported on the vast water consumption of wealthy Palm Beach residents during exceptional drought conditions. [80] Thornton was listed as a top-five water user, having consumed 8,698,492 gallons between June 2010 and May 2011. The average Palm Beach resident consumes 108,000 gallons per year. [81]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Brookings Institution</span> American think tank

The Brookings Institution, often stylized as Brookings, is an American think tank that conducts research and education in the social sciences, primarily in economics, metropolitan policy, governance, foreign policy, global economy, and economic development.

James A. Johnson was an American businessman, Democratic Party political figure, and chairman and chief executive officer of Fannie Mae. He was the campaign chairman for Walter Mondale's unsuccessful 1984 presidential bid and chaired the vice presidential selection committee for the presidential campaign of John Kerry. He briefly led the vice-presidential selection process for the 2008 Democratic presidential nominee, Senator Barack Obama.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Barrick Gold</span> Canadian mining company

Barrick Gold Corporation is a mining company that produces gold and copper with 16 operating sites in 13 countries. It is headquartered in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It has mining operations in Argentina, Canada, Chile, Côte d'Ivoire, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Dominican Republic, Mali, Papua New Guinea, Saudi Arabia, Tanzania, the United States and Zambia. In 2019, it produced 5.5 million ounces of gold at all-in sustaining costs of $894/ounce and 432 million pounds of copper at all-in sustaining costs of $2.52/pound. As of 31 December 2019, the company had 71 million ounces of proven and probable gold reserves.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Stephen A. Schwarzman</span> American businessman and investor (born 1947)

Stephen Allen Schwarzman is an American billionaire businessman. He is the chairman and CEO of the Blackstone Group, a global private equity firm he established in 1985 with Peter G. Peterson. Schwarzman was briefly chairman of President Donald Trump's Strategic and Policy Forum.

Newmont Corporation is an American gold mining company based in Greenwood Village, Colorado. It is the world's largest gold mining corporation. Incorporated in 1921, it owns gold mines in Nevada, Colorado, Ontario, Quebec, Mexico, the Dominican Republic, Australia, Ghana, Argentina, Peru, and Suriname. In addition to gold, Newmont mines copper, silver, zinc and lead.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Henry Paulson</span> 74th United States Secretary of the Treasury (born 1946)

Henry "Hank" Merritt Paulson Jr. is an American banker and financier who served as the 74th United States Secretary of the Treasury from 2006 to 2009. Prior to his role in the Department of the Treasury, Paulson was the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of major investment bank Goldman Sachs.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gary Cohn</span> American businessman & politician (born 1960)

Gary David Cohn is an American businessman and philanthropist who served as the 11th Director of the National Economic Council and chief economic advisor to President Donald Trump from 2017 to 2018. He managed the administration's economic policy agenda. Before serving in the White House, Cohn was president and COO of Goldman Sachs, where he worked for more than 25 years. Cohn was appointed vice-chairman of IBM on January 5, 2021.

NOVAGOLD is a Canadian company that is pursuing the development of the Donlin Gold mine in Alaska. Headquartered in Vancouver, the company is listed on the NYSE American and the Toronto Stock Exchange. The company was founded in Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, in 1984, to pursue exploration and development of mining properties. While the company bought and sold numerous exploration rights across North America, they have principally focused on four properties. They developed and operated the Murray Brook Mine in Nova Scotia from 1989 to 1992 and developed the Rock Creek Mine in Alaska but defaulted on financial obligations forcing it to close shortly after opening in 2008. They conducted exploration and development work on the Galore Creek mine in British Columbia between 2003 and 2018 but sold its interests. The development of the Donlin Gold mine has been pursued since the formation of a joint venture with Barrick Gold in 2012.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">John L. Weinberg</span> American investment banker

John Livingston Weinberg was an American banker and businessperson, running Goldman Sachs from 1976 to 1990.

John Michael Evans is a Canadian technology executive and the President of Alibaba Group. He previously spent 20 years working for U.S. investment bank Goldman Sachs and is a former Olympic rower.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mongolia–United States relations</span> Bilateral relations

Mongolia–United States relations are bilateral relations between the United States and Mongolia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">John F. W. Rogers</span> American businessman

John Francis William Rogers is an American businessman, serving as executive vice president, chief of staff, and secretary to the board of Goldman Sachs.

There are different methods by which gold mining companies are ranked. One is by their annual production. Another is by their cash cost per ounce, that is, how much money it costs them to mine the gold. Since gold prices are the same everywhere, companies with lower costs per ounce make more profit. The most common method lists by market capitalization which considers the total value of capital holdings by that company. Also considered when comparing companies is their market capitalization per ounce of gold equivalent which takes the market value and total reserves and resources for each company as well as the price of gold into consideration. The figures for each company can be used to determine the value the stock market gives to each company's reserves on an ounce to ounce basis.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Morris Chang</span> Taiwanese-American businessman (born 1931)

Morris Chang is a Taiwanese-American businessman who built his career in the United States and subsequently in Taiwan. He is the founder, as well as former chairman and CEO, of Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC). He is known as the semiconductor industry founder of Taiwan. As of October 2021, his net worth was estimated at US$2.8 billion.

Acacia Mining is a gold mining business operating in Tanzania, with exploration properties in Kenya, Burkina Faso and Mali. It is listed on the London Stock Exchange and the Dar es Salaam Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 250 Index until it was re-acquired by Barrick Gold in September 2019.

James Joseph Schiro was an American businessman who became CEO of PriceWaterhouseCoopers and Zurich Financial Services and was a director of number of multinational companies including of PepsiCo, Philips and Goldman Sachs.

Dennis Mark Bristow is a South African businessman, the President and CEO at Barrick Gold Corporation. He was previously the Founder and CEO at Randgold Resources, which was purchased by Barrick in 2018.

Schwarzman Scholars, founded by American financier and philanthropist Stephen A. Schwarzman, is a one-year fully-funded master's degree leadership program at Tsinghua University in Beijing, China. The program selects 100 - 200 Scholars per year based on their leadership ability, academic achievement, and commitment to advancing mutual cultural understanding and global progress. Selected scholars pursue a one-year master's degree in Global Affairs at Tsinghua University, residing at Schwarzman College.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">David M. Solomon</span> American investment banker (born c. 1962)

David Michael Solomon is an American investment banker and the chief executive officer (CEO) of Goldman Sachs, a position he has held since October 2018. He has also been chairman of the bank since January 2019. Before assuming his role as CEO, Solomon was president and chief operating officer from January 2017 to September 2018, and was joint head of the investment banking division from July 2006 to December 2016. Solomon formally succeeded Lloyd Blankfein, the previous CEO, on October 1, 2018, and was named chairman after Blankfein's retirement.

References

  1. ↑ "NNDB Executive profile - John L. Thornton".
  2. ↑ "School of Public Policy and Management,Tsinghua University". www.tsinghua.edu.cn. Archived from the original on May 28, 2016. Retrieved February 20, 2016.
  3. 1 2 3 Gray-Donald, David (May 9, 2016). "Barrick Gold rules: horror stories from the frontline". NOW Toronto.
  4. ↑ "Barrick Gold Corporation - Company - Management". www.barrick.com. Archived from the original on March 3, 2018. Retrieved February 20, 2016.
  5. ↑ "PineBridge Board of Directors - PineBridge Investments" . Retrieved July 3, 2018.
  6. ↑ Gasparino, Charles; Craig, Susanne (March 25, 2003). "Goldman's John Thornton Quits, Clouding CEO Succession Picture". The Wall Street Journal.
  7. ↑ "John V. Thornton, 81, Con Ed Executive, Is Dead". The New York Times. June 20, 2005.
  8. ↑ "Miss Thornton to Wed Joseph Downing". The New York Times. September 6, 1987.
  9. ↑ "Reduce, Reuse, Rehab: Monahan Building, the Hotchkiss School, Lakeville, Connecticut" . Retrieved July 3, 2018.
  10. ↑ "John Thornton to Succeed James A. Johnson as Chairman of the Brookings Board". June 11, 2003.
  11. ↑ "John Thornton to Succeed James A. Johnson as Chairman of the Brookings Board". November 30, 2001.
  12. ↑ "Academy Announces 2007 Class of Fellows" (PDF). April 30, 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 23, 2016. Retrieved April 30, 2016.
  13. 1 2 Thomas Jr., Landon; Kahn, Joseph (March 25, 2003). "Co-President At Goldman Announces His Retirement". The New York Times.
  14. 1 2 Thomas, Jr., Landon and Joseph Kahn (March 25, 2003). "Co-President at Goldman Announces His Retirement". The New York Times.
  15. ↑ Press Release (June 11, 2003). "John Thornton to Succeed James A. Johnson as Chairman of the Brookings Board". Brookings Institution.
  16. ↑ Landon Thomas Jr.; Joseph Kahn (March 24, 2003). "Heir Apparent to Goldman's Chief Decides to Retire Instead". The New York Times.
  17. ↑ Thomas Jr., Landon; Kahn, Joseph (March 24, 2003). "Heir Apparent to Goldman's Chief Decides to Retire Instead". The New York Times.
  18. ↑ Thomas Jr., Landon (December 8, 2002). "Ford and Goldman, So Cozy at the Top". The New York Times.
  19. ↑ Smith, Randall (October 3, 2002). "Goldman Gave Hot IPO Shares to Top Executives of Its Clients". The Wall Street Journal.
  20. ↑ Landon Thomas Jr., “Ford and Goldman, So Cozy at the Top”, “The New York Times”, December 8, 2002
  21. ↑ "John L. Thornton". Ford Media Center.
  22. ↑ Stoll, John D. (March 20, 2020). "Corporate Boards Suffer From an 'Experience Gap' as the Coronavirus Upends Business". Wall Street Journal. ISSN   0099-9660 . Retrieved June 14, 2020.
  23. 1 2 "Thornton: Ensuring Mandela's legacy". Institutional Investor. June 14, 2005. Retrieved June 14, 2020.
  24. ↑ Macdonald, Alistair and Ben Dummett (December 4, 2013). "Barrick Gold Upends Board; Founder Peter Munk to Leave in 2014". The Wall Street Journal.
  25. ↑ “Tanzania's firebrand leader takes on its largest gold miner”, “The Economist”, June 15, 2017
  26. ↑ “New Barrick set to end Tanzania tax dispute - CEO”, “Standard Digital”
  27. ↑ Thomas Wilson and Omar Mohammed, “Barrick-Brokered Tanazania Pact Leaves Acacia in the Dark”, “Bloomberg”, October 20, 2017
  28. ↑ Thomas Wilson and Omar Mohammed, “Barrick's Trouble in Tanzania Deepens as Acacia Chiefs Depart”, “Bloomberg”, November 2, 2017
  29. ↑ "Barrick Back in Business in Tanzania". www.barrick.com. Retrieved June 10, 2020.
  30. ↑ Hume, Neil; Sanderson, Henry (September 24, 2018). "Barrick Gold agrees $6bn deal to buy rival Randgold Resources" . Financial Times. Archived from the original on December 11, 2022. Retrieved November 23, 2018.
  31. ↑ "Canada's Barrick Gold to buy Randgold for $6.5 billion". Reuters. September 24, 2018. Retrieved December 6, 2019.
  32. ↑ "Barrick Gold-Randgold Merger: A New Gold Mammoth In The Making". Forbes. September 27, 2018.
  33. ↑ McGee, Niall; Younglai, Rachelle (October 3, 2018). "From Palm Beach to Congo: How the Barrick-Randgold deal came together". The Globe & Mail.
  34. ↑ "Newmont-Goldcorp or Barrick Gold – Who is Winning the Gold War?". Forbes. September 30, 2019.
  35. ↑ Sprouse, William (February 25, 2019). "Barrick Gold Proposes Merger with Newmont". CFO.com.
  36. 1 2 Paddon, David (March 4, 2019). "Newmont board rejects Barrick's $18B 'egocentric' hostile takeover bid". The Star.
  37. ↑ "Barrick and Newmont Forge Nevada Joint Venture Agreement". www.barrick.com. Retrieved February 19, 2020.
  38. ↑ "Warren Buffett's Berkshire Hathaway snapped up Barrick Gold in Q2, sold Goldman Sachs". finance.yahoo.com. August 14, 2020. Retrieved August 15, 2020.
  39. ↑ "Warren Buffett Sells Stake In Barrick Gold Corp". MarketWatch. February 17, 2021. Retrieved March 13, 2021.
  40. ↑ "Board of Trustees". Brookings. July 22, 2016. Retrieved August 15, 2020.
  41. ↑ "Co-Chairs and Trustees". Asia Society. Retrieved August 15, 2020.
  42. ↑ and (October 9, 2015). "Social Ethics in a Changing China". Brookings. Retrieved June 14, 2020.
  43. ↑ and (November 26, 2012). "China in 2020". Brookings. Retrieved June 14, 2020.
  44. ↑ Li, Yu Keping, John L. Thornton, and Cheng (June 26, 2013). "Democracy Is a Good Thing". Brookings. Retrieved June 14, 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  45. ↑ Stanton, Daniel (August 8, 2013). "1997: China Telecom's US $4.2bn IPO: landmark privatisation". IFR.
  46. ↑ "Brookings' Board of Trustees Gains Six New Members". Brookings. May 1, 2000.
  47. ↑ "John Thornton to Succeed James A. Johnson as Chairman of the Brookings Board". Brookings. June 11, 2003.
  48. ↑ Tao, Wenzhao (July 13, 2017). The US Policy Making Process for Post Cold War China: The role of US Think Tanks and Diplomacy. Springer. ISBN   978-981-10-4974-3.
  49. ↑ "Brookings Launches John L. Thornton China Center". October 9, 2006.
  50. ↑ "Brookings Opens Beijing Office". October 24, 2006.
  51. ↑ "Brookings Institution Board of Trustees Elects New Board Co-Chairs". Brookings. November 16, 2018.
  52. ↑ "China Investment Corporation > Executive Committee" . Retrieved July 3, 2018.
  53. ↑ "Silk Road Financial Corporation, Out Team" . Retrieved December 21, 2022.
  54. ↑ Weihua, Chen (November 21, 2013). "Liu helps launch Confucius center". China Daily. Retrieved March 13, 2021.
  55. ↑ "American Financier Stephen A. Schwarzman Endows International Scholarship Program in China". Schwarzman Scholars. April 21, 2013.
  56. ↑ "Schwarzman Scholars". Schwarzman Scholars. Retrieved July 15, 2020.
  57. ↑ Rachelle Younglai, “The man with the key to China: Barrick Gold's quest to open new doors” “The Globe and Mail”, December 6, 2013
  58. ↑ Mark Landler, “In Beijing and Abu Dhabi, Signs of Bannon's Continued Influence”, “The New York Times”, September 22, 2017
  59. ↑ Kranish, Michael (January 3, 2018). "Inside the Tumultuous Relationship of Donald Trump and Steve Bannon". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on January 4, 2018.
  60. 1 2 "Remarks by President Trump at Signing of the U.S.-China Phase One Trade Agreement". whitehouse.gov . Retrieved February 19, 2020– via National Archives.
  61. 1 2 Tsang, Denise (August 29, 2018). "Trump ally briefs China trade war point man in Beijing". South China Morning Post. Retrieved November 20, 2020.
  62. ↑ Clough, Alexandra (March 10, 2017). "Trump snares $100 million contract on oceanfront estate". The Palm Beach Post. Retrieved November 20, 2020.
  63. ↑ Soros, George (September 6, 2021). "BlackRock's China Blunder". The Wall Street Journal . Retrieved February 16, 2022.
  64. ↑ "Chinese president Xi Jinping meets Tsinghua University advisors-Tsinghua University News". news.tsinghua.edu.cn. Retrieved June 13, 2020.
  65. ↑ "Why we need more politicians like Malcolm Turnbull". Australian Financial Review. August 31, 2018. Retrieved June 13, 2020.
  66. ↑ Feinstein, Dianne (May 14, 2012). "Feinstein Statement on Former Mongolian President Enkhbayar". Senate.gov. Retrieved June 10, 2020.
  67. ↑ Lazenby, Henry (April 4, 2019). "Barrick's Thornton optimistic about DRC's mining future". Mining Journal. Retrieved June 10, 2020.
  68. ↑ McNish, Jacquie (October 20, 2019). "Barrick to Restart Gold Mining in Tanzania". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved June 10, 2020.
  69. ↑ "Mongolian ex-president seized over corruption". Fox News. April 13, 2012.
  70. 1 2 "Feinstein Statement on Former Mongolian President Enkhbayar". United States Senator for California. Retrieved June 10, 2020.
  71. ↑ "Mongolia ex-leader Nambar Enkhbayar jailed". BBC News. August 3, 2012.
  72. ↑ Michael Kohn, Mongolian President Pardoned After 2012 Graft Conviction”. Bloomberg, August 1, 2013. Retrieved July 21, 2019.
  73. ↑ "Nambaryn Enkhbayar", Wikipedia, February 12, 2020, retrieved February 19, 2020
  74. ↑ "The U.S.-China Policy Foundation" . Retrieved July 4, 2018.
  75. ↑ "John Lawson Thornton to Receive 2009 ITA Achievement Award". September 10, 2009. Retrieved July 3, 2018.
  76. ↑ "Twenty-five of the biggest, buzziest and most influential movers and shakers in Canada and beyond". Financial Post. October 31, 2016.
  77. ↑ "Professor John L. Thornton Honored Friendship Award". October 13, 2008. Archived from the original on October 22, 2016. Retrieved April 30, 2016.
  78. ↑ Yinan, Zhao (January 22, 2014). "Premier hails work of foreign experts". China Daily USA.
  79. ↑ Dargan, Michele (October 26, 2014). "Charleston native turns to roots, not reality, for first novel". Palm Beach Daily News.
  80. ↑ Campo-Flores, Arian (July 11, 2011). "Big Water Users Get Flak in Drought: Calls for Surcharges as Vast Amounts Consumed by Wealthy Palm Beach Residents Draw Ire of Neighbors". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved June 12, 2020.
  81. ↑ "Top 5 Water Users in Palm Beach". Wall Street Journal. July 10, 2011. Retrieved June 12, 2020.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.