Brigadier-General John Sanctuary Nicholson CB CMG CBE DSO (19 May 1863 –21 February 1924) was a British Army officer and politician. He was a Conservative Member of Parliament (MP) from 1921 to 1924.
Born in Kensington,London,the son of William Nicholson and his wife Isabella. [1] He was educated at Harrow and then,in 1882,the Royal Military College at Sandhurst. [1] He was commissioned in 7th Hussars in February 1884 and in 1886 he spent eight years in India with his regiment before in 1894 being sent to Natal. [1]
The 7th Hussars joined a force at Mafeking to suppress a native rising in Matabeleland. [1] During these operations he raised and commanded a corps of British South Africa Police (BSAP). [1] He became Commandant-General of the BSAP and Inspector-General of Volunteers in Rhodesia from 1898 until 1903. [1] The Second Boer War took place in neighbouring South Africa from 1899 to June 1902,and to recognize his contribution,Nicholson was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath (CB) in the South Africa honours list published on 26 June 1902. [2] In 1903 he succeeded Baden-Powell as Inspector-General of South African Constabulary and retired from the post as a colonel in 1907. [1]
During the First World War he joined the British Expeditionary Force and from April 1915 to December 1918 was base commandant at Calais. [1] He had been promoted to brigadier-general in 1916 and retired from the Army in 1920. [1]
With a father and brother both being members of parliament Nicholson contested a seat in East Dorset in the 1910 general election. [1] He lost by 426 votes to Captain Guest but after a petition Guest was unseated. [1] Nicholson stood again as a Conservative candidate in a by-election against Guest's brother Henry Guest but was defeated again by a small margin. [1] In the second general election of 1910 in December,he tried to get elected at Stafford but was defeated by 755 votes. [1]
In 1921,he was elected the Member of Parliament for the Westminster Abbey constituency in a by-election following the death of the incumbent MP William Burdett-Coutts. He was re-elected in the following two general elections in 1922 and 1923.
Nicholson,who had never married,died on 21 February 1924 of pneumonia at his house at South Audley Street,Mayfair aged 60. [3] A by-election was held to replace him as an MP.
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