The Ministry of Justice and Home Affairs is the sole organ of national security in Mongolia. The primary force is responsible for maintaining law and order and preventing crime throughout the country is the National Police Agency , created in 1965 and headquartered in the capital Ulaanbaatar. [1] Interpol has an office within the Mongolian Police. [1]
Law enforcement forces in the socialist Mongolian People's Republic, along with the military (Mongolian People's Army), was respected institution and profession in the country. In August 1991, the government prohibited police and security officials from membership in political parties, specifically in light of previous corruption by police officials who were part of the Mongolian People's Party. [2] The 2013 "Law on Police" governs police activity in Mongolia, stipulating that it is prohibited for any law enforcement body to treat an arrested person in an "inhuman and degrading manner". [3] Despite this, according to some scholars, the Mongolian police does practice torture and degrading treatments. [4] In October 2017, officials from the OSCE organized a training course on the handling of organized crime and the trafficking of human beings. [5] In April 2019, the Independent Authority Against Corruption (IAAC) called on Mongolia to strengthen its law enforcement institutions, praising the work of the police in enforcing new criminal laws. [6]
The Internal Troops are the paramilitary gendarmerie law enforcement agency and the reserve forces of the Mongolian Armed Forces. It serves as a riot police and a special purpose unit that guards important government buildings such as the Mongolian National Broadcaster and Altan-Ölgii National Cemetery. The Internal Troops in its current form was established in February 2014. [7] [8] [9]
The General Authority for Border Protection, commonly known as the Border Police or the Border Guard performs policing duties at Mongolian border checkpoints and conducts vehicle inspections crossing the border. It also does bag checks at Buyant-Ukhaa International Airport and New Ulaanbaatar International Airport like the American Transportation Security Administration (TSA). Other militarized border guard forces are subordinated to the Main Directorate of Border Defense of the Ministry of Defense.
The mandate of police is to implement state policy on crime fighting and maintaining public order, to carry out police duties throughout Mongolia and manage services provided at local level, to develop policy on firearms (shooting techniques, special equipment, and associated needs) and on human resources, training and methods for improving knowledge and skills, protecting the rights and legal interests of police officers, organizing police work in keeping with Mongolia’s Constitution, to inform the President of Mongolia, the Head of the Parliament, the Prime Minister and government members about emerging crime trends, methods for fighting crime and public order issues and to make suggestions as to how to most effectively address them and to develop relations with national and international organizations. [1]
The Mongolian Armed Forces is the collective name for the Mongolian military and the joint forces that comprise it. It is tasked with protecting the independence, sovereignty, and territorial integrity of Mongolia. Defined as the peacetime configuration, its current structure consists of five branches: the Mongolian Ground Force, Mongolian Air Force, Construction and Engineering Forces, cyber security, and special forces. In case of a war situation, the Border Troops, Internal Troops and National Emergency Management Agency can be reorganized into the armed forces structure. The General Staff of the Mongolian Armed Forces is the main managing body and operates independently from the Ministry of Defence, its government controlled parent body.
The Ministry of Internal Affairs of Belarus, abbreviated МUS (МУС) in Belarusian and MVD (МВД) in Russian, is a body of the Belarusian Government that is charged with the internal affairs of Belarus. Day to day law enforcement is carried out by the Militsiya. The Ministry is also tasked with providing security to state buildings and officials. Organizations such as the Presidential Guard are under the control of the Ministry. The clearing of landmines is among the tasks of the ministry.
Since its turn towards democracy in 1990, Mongolia has in principle acknowledged the concept of human and civic rights. “Human rights law,” according to one human-rights organization, “is a rapidly expanding area in the Mongolian legal system.” In September 2000, Mongolia unilaterally adopted the so-called “Millennium Goal 9,” which is “to strengthen human rights and foster democratic governance.” Writing in 2012 in the Jakarta Post, the secretary-general of the Indonesian Community who “led the first demonstrations for democracy and reforms in Mongolia,” that “the passion for freedom and human rights” is “palpable in his being.” Addressing an audience at the Asia Society in New York in 2011, Elbegdorj Tsakhia said: “Freedom, human rights, justice, the rule of law, those values can be enjoyed, even by the poor people, even by poor herdsman in Mongolia.” The desire for human rights, he said, “is always there,” in all people. “Sometimes that desire can be crushed by tyranny. But it will rise again. That is Mongolia.”
A border guard of a country is a national security agency that performs border security. Some of the national border guard agencies also perform coast guard and rescue service duties.
In Brazil, the Federal Constitution establishes eight law enforcement institutions - seven titulars and one auxiliar. The titular institutions are: the Federal Police, the Federal Highway Police, the Federal Railway Police, the Federal Penal Police, the State Military Police and Fire Brigade, the State Civil Police and the State Penal Police. Of these, the first four are affiliated to federal authorities and the latter three are subordinated to state governments. These public safety institutions are part of the Executive branch of either federal or state government. Apart from these eight institutions, there are others which affiliate to municipal authorities: the Municipal Guards. According to Minister Alexandre de Moraes of the Supreme Federal Court, "...the Municipal Guards are inserted in public safety as the auxiliary and related body of public security force..." Federal law 13,022 gave them de facto and de jure police attributions.
Transnational organized crime (TOC) is organized crime coordinated across national borders, involving groups or markets of individuals working in more than one country to plan and execute illegal business ventures. In order to achieve their goals, these criminal groups use systematic violence and corruption. Common transnational organized crimes include conveying drugs, conveying arms, trafficking for sex, toxic waste disposal, materials theft and poaching.
The Federal Police, formerly known as the Policía Federal Preventiva, was a Mexican national police force. It was under the authority of the Department of Security and Civil Protection. They were sometimes referred to by the slang term "Federales" or "Mexican feds" by some U.S. agents and media. Typically, agents of the Federal Police are heavily armed and wear dark blue, black, or gray combat fatigues. The Federal Police was officially dissolved and absorbed to the National Guard, a new national police institution created by president Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador, on 1 October 2019.
Law enforcement in Azerbaijan comes under the control of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Azerbaijan, which administers the National Police of the Republic of Azerbaijan. Admitted to the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) on 30 January 1992, with an OSCE office opening in Baku on 16 November 1999, and as a member of INTERPOL, the National police force is well integrated into the law enforcement network of European countries.
In Argentina the most important law enforcement organization is the Argentine Federal Police with jurisdiction in all Argentine territory. Most routine police work is carried out by provincial/state police forces. In recent years several cities, started their own local police forces to reduce the burden on the State Police. The capital city of Buenos Aires, where the Argentine Federal Police works with Argentine Naval Prefecture and Buenos Aires City Police.
Law enforcement in Albania is the responsibility of several agencies. The responsibility for most tasks lies with the Albanian State Police, a national police agency, which is under the authority of Ministry of Internal Affairs. Examples of other agencies with limited policing powers are the Municipal Police, which has administrative functions and operates in the local level. They are controlled by mayors.
Law enforcement in Taiwan operates primarily through governmental police agencies.
In many countries, particularly those with a federal system of government, there may be several law enforcement agencies, police or police-like organizations, each serving different levels of government and enforcing different subsets of the applicable law.
The Ministry of Justice and Internal Affairs of Mongolia (MOJHA) also referred to as the Ministry of Justice or the Ministry of Home Affairs is a Mongolian government agency that upholds the principles of fairness and rule of law in Mongolia, and aims to create legal guarantees so that the federal government may ensure human rights and freedoms. The ministry carries out activities such as developing legal policy, public administration, financing and investment, treaties and cooperation, and internal auditing. It divides its security duties with the Ministry of Defense and the General Intelligence Agency.
Law enforcement in the Kyrgyz Republic is primarily the responsibility of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. The ministry commands the police force, also known locally as militsiya, directly and thus policemen carry the insignia of the ministry (ИИМ). This structure of law enforcement is similar to its predecessors and many other post-Soviet states. The ministry is subdivided into numerous departments that tackle the different aspects of law enforcement in the Kyrgyz Republic and is also supported simultaneously by other governmental agencies. The police is contactable via the emergency hotline number 102.
The Armed Forces of Turkmenistan currently funds 2 high ranking educational institutions: The Military Academy of Turkmenistan and the Military Institute of the Ministry of Defense of Turkmenistan. Aside from those two schools, there are several military schools around the country, specializing in the training of personnel of a branches of service. In the early 1990s when the armed forces were rapidly being developed, many officers were trained in the Russian Federation's Ministry of Defense, while at least 300 officers were sent to schools in Turkey. On 3 October 1992, the Turkmen State University created the first Turkmen educational department. This article lists institutions of the Turkmen Armed Forces based on its respective agency and service branch.
The General Authority for Border Protection is an agency that is part of the Government of Mongolia and acts as a reserve force for the Armed Forces of Mongolia. It guards the country's entry and exit near Russia and China as well as prevents/suppresses illegal activities such as smuggling and human trafficking. It also is responsible for border patrol and the regulation of illegal immigration. The agency is support by over 3,000 personnel across 300-350 permanent border guard units from the Mongolian Armed Forces, the National Police Agency and other government agencies. It is currently an agency of the Mongolian Ministry of Justice and Home Affairs.
The Law Enforcement University of Mongolia, also known as the University of Internal Affairs is an institution of the Mongolian Ministry of Justice and Home Affairs that serves as a public higher education institution in Mongolia dedicated to training of law enforcement personnel such as police officers. The main campus of the University is located in the capital of Ulaanbaatar.
The Internal Troops of Mongolia are the paramilitary gendarmerie who perform special guard and reserve duties in the Mongolian Armed Forces. It protects buildings for institutions and areas such as the Mongolian National Broadcaster and Altan-Ölgii National Cemetery.
The National Police Agency is an agency that is part of the Government of Mongolia and acts as a reserve force for the Armed Forces of Mongolia. It is currently an agency of the Mongolian Ministry of Justice and Home Affairs and is the primary law enforcement organization in Mongolia. The Police is assisted by the Directorate of the Internal Troops of Mongolia.
