Lebanese Iranians

Last updated
Lebanese people in Iran
Regions with significant populations
Tehran, Qom
Languages
Arabic, Persian
Religion
predominantly Shia Islam, minorities of Sunni Islam, and Christianity (Greek Orthodox, Melkite Catholic, Maronite Catholic, Protestant)

Lebanese people in Iran refers to Lebanese living in Iran or Iranians of Lebanese descent. Lebanese people populate various regions and cities, but have especially settled in the city of Qom for religious studies as Qom has been an epicenter for Shia Muslims. [1]

Contents

Lebanese are known to have been steadily migrating to the contemporary and former territories of Iran since the Safavid-era. [2]

History

Lebanese are known to have been migrating to contemporary Iran since the time of the Safavids (1501-1736). Nur-al-Din Karaki Ameli, a principal Lebanese Shia scholar, played a pivotal role at the Safavid court in opening a new way in the relations between secular rulers and Shi'ite clerics. [3] Karaki furthermore played a crucial role in inaugurating a movement of emigration of Lebanese Shia scholars from Jabal Amel (then in Ottoman Syria) to Safavid Iran due to persecution during the reign of the first two Safavid kings ( shahs ), namely Ismail I (r. 1501–24) and Tahmasp I (r. 1524–76), who were at pains to introduce Shi'ism on the state-level throughout their vast dominions. The Al-Sadr family are a prominent family who migrated from Lebanon to Iran. [4] At the beginning of the Safavid era, Twelver Shi'ism was imported into Iran largely from Mount Lebanon and Syria. [5]

Notable Iranians of Lebanese descent

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Najaf</span> City in Iraq

Al-Najaf or An-Najaf al-Ashraf, Baniqia, is a city in central Iraq about 160 km south of Baghdad. Its estimated population in 2013 was 1,000,000 people. It is the capital of Najaf Governorate. It is widely considered amongst the holiest cities of Shia Islam and one of its spiritual capitals, whilst also remaining the center of Shia political power in Iraq. It is reputedly the burial place of Muhammad's son in law and cousin, Imam ‘Alī ibn Abī Tālib. It is also the location of the largest cemetery in the world, Wadi-us-Salaam, of one of the most important seminaries in the Shi'i Islamic world, and a major pilgrimage destination for Shia Muslims.

Sectarianism is a political, cultural, or religious conflict between two groups, which are often related to the form of government which they live under. Prejudice, discrimination, exclusion, or hatred can arise in these conflicts, depending on the political status quo and if one group holds more power within the government. Often, not all members of these groups are engaged in the conflict. But as tensions rise, political solutions require the participation of more people from either side within the country or polity where the conflict is happening. Common examples of these divisions are denominations of a religion, ethnic identity, class, or region for citizens of a state and factions of a political movement.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Safavid order</span> Iranian Sufi mystic order in Shia Islam

The Safavid order, also called the Safaviyya, was a tariqa founded by the Kurdish mystic Safi-ad-din Ardabili (1252–1334). It held a prominent place in the society and politics of northwestern Iran in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, but today it is best known for having given rise to the Safavid dynasty. While initially founded under the Shafi'i school of Sunni Islam, later adoptions of Shi'i concepts such as the notion of the Imamate by the children and grandchildren of Safi-ad-din Ardabili resulted in the order ultimately becoming associated with Twelverism.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Arab-Persians</span> People of mixed Arab and Persian background

Arab-Persians are people who are of both mixed Arab and Persian ethnic or cultural background, which is common in Iran, Kuwait, Iraq, Bahrain, and to a lesser extent, Lebanon and Syria.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Musa al-Sadr</span> Iranian-born Lebanese imam (1928–1978)

Musa Sadr al-Din al-Sadr is an Iranian-born Lebanese scholar and political leader who founded the Amal Movement.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sadr al-Din al-Sadr</span> Iraqi ayatollah

Sadr al-Din Sadr was the father of Moussa as-Sadr and Rabab al-Sadr, and the grandson of the Grand Ayatollah Sadr-eddine bin Saleh after whom the Sadr family of well-known scholars of Twelver Shi'a Islam has been named.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mohammad-Baqer Majlesi</span> Iranian Twelver Shia cleric (c.1628 – 1699)

Mohammad Baqer Majlesi, known as Allamah Majlesi or Majlesi Al-Thani, was an influential Iranian Twelver Shia scholar and thinker during the Safavid era. He has been described as "one of the most powerful and influential Shi'a ulema of all time", whose "policies and actions reoriented Twelver Shia'ism in the direction that it was to develop from his day on."

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Abd al-Husayn Sharaf al-Din al-Musawi</span> Islamic scholar

Abd al-Husayn Sharaf al-Din al-Musawi, also commonly spelled Abdel Hussein Charafeddine, Sharafeddine, or Sharafeddin, was a Shi'a Twelver Islamic scholar who has widely been considered a social reformer, "activist", and modern founder of the city of Tyre in Southern Lebanon.

The origin of Shia–Sunni relations can be traced back to a dispute over the succession to the Islamic prophet Muhammad as a caliph of the Islamic community. After the death of Muhammad in 632, a group of Muslims, who would come to be known as the Sunnis, believed that Muhammad's successor should be Abu Bakr, whereas a second group of Muslims, who would come to be known as the Shias, believed that his successor should have been Ali. This dispute spread across various parts of the Muslim world, which eventually led to the Battle of Jamal and Battle of Siffin. Sectarianism based on this historic dispute intensified greatly after the Battle of Karbala, in which Husayn ibn Ali and some of his close partisans, including members and children of the household of prophet, were killed by the ruling Umayyad Caliph Yazid I, and the outcry for revenge divided the early Islamic community, albeit disproportionately, into two groups, the Sunni and the Shia. This is known today as the Islamic schism.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Al-Hurr al-Amili</span>

Muḥammad bin al-Ḥasan bin ʿAlī bin al-Ḥusayn al-Ḥurr al-ʿĀmilī al-Mashgharī, commonly known as Al-Ḥurr Al-ʿĀmilī, was a prominent Twelver Shia muhaddith. He is best known for his comprehensive hadith compilation known as Wasa'il al-Shia and as the second of the “Three Great Muhammads” in later Shi’a Islamic history.

The five Martyrs were five scholars (ulama) of Shi'i Islam, living in different spans of history, who were executed by their respective Sunni regimes. The Shia remember them by the term Five Martyrs. A leading work on the biographies of the martyrs was Shuhada-e Khamsa kay Halaat-e Zindagi by Grand Ayatollah Muhammad Hussain Najafi.

Karak is a village in the municipality of Zahle in the Zahle District of the Beqaa Governorate in eastern Lebanon. It is located on the Baalbek road close to Zahle. Karak contains a sarcophagus claimed by the locals to be the tomb of Noah. The inhabitants of Karak are Melkites, Maronites and Shia Muslims.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lebanese Shia Muslims</span> Lebanese adherents of Shia Islam

Lebanese Shia Muslims, historically known as matāwila (Arabic: متاولة, plural of متوال mutawālin refers to Lebanese people who are adherents of the Shia branch of Islam in Lebanon, which plays a major role along Lebanon's main Sunni, Maronite and Druze sects. According to the CIA World Factbook, Shia Muslims constituted an estimated 31% of Lebanon's population in 2022.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jalal al-Din Davani</span>

Jalal al-Din Davani, also known as Allama Davani, was a theologian, philosopher, jurist, and poet, who is considered to have been one of the leading scholars in late 15th-century Iran.

The Safavid conversion of Iran to Shia Islam was a process of forced conversion that took place roughly over the 16th through 18th centuries and turned Iran (Persia), which previously had a Sunni majority population, into the spiritual bastion of Shia Islam. It was a process that resulted in hostility with Iran's Sunni neighbours, most notably the Ottoman Empire. The conversion also ensured the dominance of the Twelver sect within Shiism over the sects of Zaidiyyah and Isma'ilism – each of whom had previously experienced their own eras of dominance within Shi'ism. Through their actions, the Safavids reunified Iran as an independent state in 1501 and established Twelver Shi'ism as the official religion of their empire, marking one of the most important turning points in the history of Islam.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Qom Seminary</span> Islamic seminary in Qom, Iran

The Qom Seminary is the largest Islamic seminary (hawza) in Iran, established in 1922 by Grand Ayatollah Abdul-Karim Haeri Yazdi in Qom. It trains Usuli scholars.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Al-Sayyed Mohsen al-Amin</span> Islamic scholar

Al-Sayyed Mohsen al-Amin (b.1284/1867-d.1371/1952), also transliterated Muhsin al Amin, was a Shia scholar, biographer, traditionist, and jurist. He was born in Jabal Amil, Lebanon. His most important work is A'yan al-Shi'a.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hawza Najaf</span> Shia seminary in Iraq

The Najaf Seminary, also known as the al-Hawza Al-Ilmiyya, is the oldest and one of the most important Shia seminaries (hawza) in the world. It is located in the city of Najaf in Iraq. The school also operates a campus in Karbala, Iraq.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nasrallah al-Haeri</span> Iraqi Polymath

Ayatollah al-Shaheed Sayyid Abū al-Fatḥ ʿIzz ad-Dīn Naṣrallāh ِal-Fāʾizī al-Mūsawī al-Ḥāʾirī, also known as Sayyid Nasrallah al-Haeri, was a senior Iraqi Shia jurist, teacher, poet, author and annalist.

References

  1. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/irans-shadow-government-lebanon
  2. SHIʿITES IN LEBANON retrieved 7 June 2015
  3. SHIʿITES IN LEBANON retrieved 7 June 2015
  4. SHIʿITES IN LEBANON retrieved 7 June 2015
  5. Floor, Willem; Herzig, Edmund, eds. (2015). Iran and the World in the Safavid Age. I.B.Tauris. p. 20. ISBN   978-1780769905.