List of Fredman's Epistles

Each of the 82 epistles is listed here with its number and its original descriptive title or dedication. The contemporary Gustavian age cast of characters is listed under "Mortals"; the classical and Nordic gods and demigods (and in one Epistle, a cast of Old Testament heroes) are listed under "Immortals".

Epistles
Number	First line	Dedication	Theme	Mortals	Immortals	Location, notes
1	Gutår, båd natt och dag [ sv ]	Til Cajsa Stina	Drink	Cajsa Stina, Jergen Puckel, Benjamin Schwalbe, Eric Bergström, Anders Wingmark, broder Berg, Christian Samuel Bredström
2	Nå skruva Fiolen	Til Fader Berg, rörande Fiolen	Tavern, Fiddle	Fader Berg, Fredman	Bacchus
3	Fader Berg i hornet stöter	Til en och hvar af Systrarna, men enkannerligen till Ulla Winblad	Wine, Women, Song, Horn	Fader Berg, Jergen Puckel, Ulla Winblad	Charon, Paris, Helen, Freya	Introduces Ulla Winblad
4	Hej Musikanter ge Valdthornen väder	Enkannerligen till Anna Stina	Wine, Women, Song	Anna Stina	Bacchus, Freya
5	Käre bröder, så låtom oss supa i frid	Til de trogne Bröder på Terra Nova i Gaffelgränden	Drink, Companions		Bacchus	Terra Nova Tavern in Gaffelgränden by Skeppsbron
6	Käraste Bröder Systrar och Vänner	Til de Galimater på hinsidon den Konungsliga Djurgårdenom	Wine, Women, Song	Ulla Winblad		Djurgården
7	Fram med basfiolen, knäpp och skruva	Som synes vara en Elegie, skriven vid Ulla Winblads säng, sent om aftonen	Muse	Ulla Winblad, Fader Berg	Freya
8	Dörrarna öpna, Fiolerna klara!	Til Corporal Mollberg	Wine, Women, Song	Mollberg		Introduces Mollberg
9	Käraste Bröder, Systrar och Vänner	Till gumman på Thermopolium Boreale	Wine, Women, Song	Fader Berg, Jergen Puckel, Jungfru Lona	Bacchus
10	Systrar hören min musik	Klingar väl vid flöjttraver	Wine, Women, Song		Bacchus, Cupid
11	Hej! sade Fredman hvar gång han hörde Valdthorn börja skråla	Til Bröderne och Systrarna på Lokatten	Wine, Women, Song	Ulla Winblad	Cupid	Lokatten (Lynx Tavern) Begins "Portugal, Spanien,/ Stora Britannien"
12	Gråt Fader Berg och spela	Elegi öfver slagsmålet på Gröna Lund	Drink, violence	Jergen Puckel		Gröna Lund (The Greenwood Tavern)
13	Nå ä nu alla församlade här	Till Brodern Bredström	Drink, Companions	Bredström brothers, Anders Wingmark, Benjamin Schwalbe, Jergen Puckel	Cupid
14	Hör J Orphei Drängar	Till poeten Wetz	Drink, Companions	"Orpheus's servants"	Apollo, Bacchus, Cupid, Venus/Freya
15	Käraste min Theophile	Enkannerligen til Theophilum Skomakar-Gesäll, under dess förföljelse skrifven til tröst och hugsvalelse	Drink, Companions	Theophile	Bacchus
16	Fader Bergström fingra ditt Oboe, blås	Enkannerligen til de Birfilare på den Konungsliga Djurgården	Drink, Companions	Fader Bergström, Cajsa		Djurgården
17	Systrar och Vänner	Til Syster Lisa	Drink, Companions	Lisa, Jergen Puckel
18	Gubbarna satt sig at dricka	Til Gubbarna på Terra Nova i Gaffelgränden vid Skeppsbron	Drink, Companions	Jergen Puckel, Benjamin		Terra Nova Tavern in Gaffelgränden by Skeppsbron
19	Trumslagarn kommer, flickor god dag!	Til Systrarna på den Konungsliga Djurgården	Wine, Women, Song	Fader Berg		Djurgården
20	Står du och gråter?	Til Fader Berg och Jergen Puckel	Dance	Fader Berg, Jergen Puckel	Bacchus
21	Skyarna tjockna	Varutinnan han 1:0 avmålar natten med dess nöjen, 2:0 tyckes liksom för ögonen ställa ett slags aequilibrium emellan vinets och kärlekens styrka, men omsider ljusligen uppenbarar övervikten	Wine, Women, Song	Fader Berg
22	Glasen darra mellan knogen [ sv ]	Til de Nybyggare på Gröna Lund	Drink			Gröna Lund (The Greenwood Tavern)
23	Ack du min Moder!	Som är ett soliloquium, då Fredman låg vid krogen Kryp-in, gent emot bankohuset, en sommarnatt år 1768	Drink	Fredman		Krogen Kryp-In (The Crawl-in Tavern), Järntorget 85, Gamla stan
24	Kära Syster!	Till kära mor på Bruna Dörren	Drink		Bacchus	Bruna Dörren (The Brown Door Tavern)
25	Blåsen nu alla	Som är ett försök till en pastoral i bacchanalisk smak, skriven vid Ulla Winblads överfart till Djurgården	Pastorale	Ulla Winblad	Neptune, Venus/Freya, Zephyrs, water nymphs, Tritons, Palaemon	Water crossing to Djurgården
26	Hvar står Fiolen?	Rörande mutter Berg och angående Lotta i Kolmätargränden och vad som passerat	Drink, Violence	mutter Berg, Lotta
27	Gubben är gammal, urverket dras	Som är dess sista tankar	Drink, Death	Movitz	Bacchus, Freya
28	I går såg jag ditt barn, min Fröja	Om ett anställt försåt emot Ulla Winblad	Muse	Ulla Winblad	Freya, Themis	Yxsmedsgränd
29	Movitz tag dina pinnar	Till de förnäma	Loss	Movitz	Freya
30	Drick ur ditt glas, se Döden på dig väntar [ sv ]	Till fader Movitz, under dess sjukdom, lungsoten. Elegi	Drink, Death	Movitz	Bacchus, Freya
31	Se Movitz, hvi står du och gråter	Över Movitz, då han blev uppiskad på gatan, för det kvinten sprang på basfiolen, en sommarafton 1769	Violence	Movitz
32	Kors! utan glas, du ser ut, din Canalje	Till fader Movitz, varutinnan han liknar honom vid ett skepp	Drink	Movitz
33	Was ist das? / Stolta Stad!	1:0 Om fader Movitz' överfart till Djurgården och 2:0 om den dygdiga Susanna	Life	Movitz		Djurgården
34	Ack hvad för en usel koja! [ sv ]	Till Movitz, när elden var lös i hans kvarter uti Kolmätargränden	Disaster	Movitz	Charon, Themis	Kolmätargränden
35	Bröderna fara väl vilse ibland	Angående sin sköna och hennes obeständighet	Loss	Movitz	Freya
36	Vår Ulla låg i sängen och sov	Rörande Ulla Winblads flykt	Muse	Ulla Winblad	Apollo, Astrild, Bacchus, Freya
37	Mollberg, stå stilla, stå stilla vid grind	Till Mollberg på post vid Kungsträdgården	Music, Life	Mollberg, Bergström	Flora, Orpheus	Kungsträdgården
38	Undan ur vägen	Rörande Mollbergs paradering vid korporal Bomans grav	Death	Mollberg, Christian Wingmark, Corporal Boman
39	Storm och böljor tystna ren	Öfver Bergströmskans Porträt på Liljans krog
40	Ge rum i Bröllops-gåln din hund!	Angående bröllopet hos Bensvarvars	Wine, Women, Song	Movitz		A chaotic wedding at Bensvarvars^[10]
41	Mollberg satt i paulun	Vid et tilfälle då Christian Wingmark miste sin nattkappa i Slagsmålet med Mollberg	Drink, Violence	Christian Wingmark, Mollberg
42	Ren Calas jag spår och tror	Rörande Kortspelet på Klubben	Cards	Mollberg, mor Wingmark, Ulla Winblad		The club, Mälaren
43	Värm mer Öl och Bröd	Til Ulla Winblad, skrifven vid et ömt tilfälle	Muse	Ulla Winblad	Astrild	The birthing-room
44	Movitz helt allena	Öfver Bredströmskans och Movitz melancholi	Wine, Women, Song	Movitz	Astrild, Bacchus, Chloris, Freya
45	Tjenare Mollberg, hur är det fatt?	Till fader Mollberg rörande hans harpa	Drink, Violence	Mollberg	Apollo, Bacchus, Maecenas, Venus
46	Undan ur vägen, ge rum för Courirn	Huru Mollberg skal bjuda til begrafning efter Mutter på Krogen Wismar, och om hans avfärd ifrån Sterbhuset		Mollberg		Wismar Tavern
47	Kommer intet Mollberg? Jo nyss på stund	Angående Mollbergs återkomst til Sterbhuset på Krogen Wismar		Mollberg		Wismar Tavern
48	Solen glimmar blank och trind	Hvaruti afmålas Ulla Winblads hemresa från Hessingen i Mälaren en sommarmorgon 1769	Pastorale	Ulla Winblad, Movitz	Neptune	Lake Mälaren back to Stockholm
49	Mamsell Ulla, märk Mamsell	Angående Landstigningen vid Klubben i Mälaren en sommar-afton 1769	Pastorale	Ulla Winblad, Mollberg	Bacchus	The club, Mälaren
50	Phoebus förnyar	Om des sista Ögnekast på Ulla Winblad vid Hännes återfart ifrån Djurgården	Pastorale, Rococo	Ulla Winblad, Movitz	Jupiter, Neptune, Pan, Cupids, Freya	Return from Djurgården
51	Movitz blåste en Concert	Angående Concerten på Tre Byttor	Wine, Women, Song	Movitz, Ulla Winblad, Wingmark, Bergström, Berg	Eol, Neptune, Orpheus	Tre Byttor Tavern
52	Movitz, mitt hjerta blöder!	Til Movitz när hans Fästmö dog. Elegie	Death	Movitz, his wife Charlotte	Cupid, Freya
53	Vid et stop Öl och några Supar	Angående Slagsmålet nedanför Danto-Bommen hos T. en höstnatt	Drink, Violence			Near the Danto Barrier
54	Aldrig en Iris på dessa bleka fält [ sv ]	På St. Cathrina Kyrkogård		Corporal Boman, Movitz	Flora	St. Catherine's Churchyard
55	Så ser Han ut midt bland de strålar	Rörande Movitz Kägelspel hos Faggens vid Hammarby-Tull en sommar afton 1770		Mollberg	Faggens Tavern by Hammarby Toll
56	Se Mollberg med svart Råck och Flor	Angående Mor Maja på Förgylda Bägaren		Mollberg, Movitz	Astrild, Clotho, Freya	Golden Beaker Tavern
57	Allting är rigtigt clareradt och gjordt	Om Barnsölet		Mollberg
58	Hjertat mig klämmer	Öfver Kilberg, Bacchi man och Ordens Officiant i Templet			Charon
59	Hurra Courage, Bagage! God dag Bröder!	Til Lo-Katten	Drinking		Freya	Lokatten (Lynx Tavern)
60	Sitter du ännu och ljuger	Til Bränvins-Advocaten Fader Kulkus om något som passerat		Cajsa Wingmark	Freya, Themis
61	Kära Mor!	Til K. Mor på Fyrkanten		Movitz		Fyrkanten Tavern
62	Movitz Valdthornet proberar	Angående sista Balen på Gröna Lund		Movitz, Christian Wingmark	Bible: David and Goliath, Ahasuerus, Esther, Noah	Gröna Lund pleasure gardens
63	Fader Bergström, stäm up och klinga	Diktad midt i veckan	Dance, Drinking	Fader Bergström, Fredman
64	Fäll dina ögon och skäms nu din tåssa	Rörande sista Balen hos Frömans i Horns-Kroken		Movitz	Freya	Horns-Kroken Tavern
65	Movitz med flor om armen, hålt!	Om Styrmans-Dottren Gretgens död på Fabriken		Movitz, Gretgen	Charon, Freya
66	Se hvar Movitz sitter där	Til Movitz Målare		Movitz	Freya, Astrild
67	Fader Movitz, Bror!	Til Mutter på Tuppen	Wine, Women, Song	Movitz	Freya	Tuppen (The Cock Tavern)
68	Movitz, i afton står Baln	Angående sista balen på Grönlund	Wine, Women, Song	Movitz, madam Wingmark	Bacchus, Chloris	Grönlund Tavern
69	Se Dansmästarn Mollberg, Bröder	Om Mollberg Dansmästare	Dance, Life	Mollberg, Ulla Winblad
70	Movitz vik mössan högt öfver öra	Om något som passerade i Artilleri-Lägret Anno 1773		Movitz, Ulla Winblad
71	Ulla! min Ulla! säj får jag dig bjuda	Till Ulla i fönstret på Fiskartorpet	Pastorale	Ulla Winblad		Fiskartorpet
72	Glimmande Nymf! blixtrande öga!	Lämnad vid Cajsa Lisas säng, sent om en afton	Muse	Cajsa Lisa	Freya, Jupiter
73	Fan i Fauteuillerna! stolarna kullra [ sv ]	Angående Jergen som förskref sig til Fan	Drink, Life	Movitz
74	Min Son!	Om Bergströmskans Porträt		Movitz
75	Skratta mina barn och vänner	Til sin Rival Fader Movitz, på Cajsa Lisas Namnsdag		Movitz, Cajsa Lisa
76	Se Hans Jergen hur han sig bockar	Til Mutter på Wismar, rörande Hans Jergen, då han blev utpiskad ifrån Balen		Hans Jergen		Wismar Tavern
77	Klang mina Flickor! se skyarna glimma	Angående Jungfru Sophia på Lokatten och om något som passerat		Fredman, Mollberg	Bacchus	Lokatten (Lynx Tavern)
78	Knapt Jeppe hant ur gluggen gå in	som är et Fägne-Spel på Fader Didriks Namnsdag år 1780
79	Charon i Luren tutar	Afsked til Matronorna, synnerligen til Mor Maja Myra i Solgränden vid Stortorget, Anno 1785	Death	Mor Maja Myra	Charon, Eolus	Solgränden by Stortorget
80	Liksom en Herdinna, högtids klädd	Angående Ulla Winblads Lustresa til Första Torpet, utom Kattrumps Tullen	Pastorale	Ulla Winblad, Mollberg	Flora, Jupiter	Första Torpet, outside Kattrump Tollgate
81	Märk hur vår skugga, märk Movitz Mon Frère!	Til Grälmakar Löfberg i Sterbhuset vid Danto bommen	Death	Grälmakar Löfberg, Movitz	Charon	Sterbhuset by Danto Barrier
82	Hvila vid denna källa	Eller Oförmodade Afsked, förkunnadt vid Ulla Winblads Frukost en sommar-morgon i det gröna	Pastorale	Ulla Winblad, Fredman	Bacchus, Clotho, Charon, Eolus, Freya

Related Research Articles

Fredmans epistlar is a collection of 82 poems set to music by Carl Michael Bellman, a major figure in Swedish 18th century song. Though first published in 1790, it was created over a period of twenty years from 1768 onwards. A companion volume, Fredmans sånger was published the following year.

Solen glimmar blank och trind is Epistle No. 48 in the Swedish poet and performer Carl Michael Bellman's 1790 song collection, Fredman's Epistles. The Epistle is subtitled "Hvaruti afmålas Ulla Winblads hemresa från Hessingen i Mälaren en sommarmorgon 1769". One of his best-known and best-loved works, it depicts an early morning on Lake Mälaren, as the Rococo muse Ulla Winblad sails back home to Stockholm after a night spent partying on the lake. The composition is one of Bellman's two Bacchanalian lake-journeys, along with epistle 25, representing a venture into a social realism style.

Ulla! min Ulla! säj, får jag dig bjuda, is one of the Swedish poet and performer Carl Michael Bellman's best-known and best-loved songs, from his 1790 collection, Fredman's Epistles, where it is No. 71. A pastorale, it depicts the Rococo muse Ulla Winblad, as the narrator offers her "reddest strawberries in milk and wine" in the Djurgården countryside north of Stockholm.

Hvila vid denna källa is a song by the Swedish poet and performer Carl Michael Bellman from his 1790 collection, Fredman's Epistles, where it is No. 82, the final Epistle. It is subtitled "Eller Oförmodade avsked, förkunnat vid Ulla Winblads frukost en sommarmorgon i det gröna. Pastoral dedicerad till Kgl. Sekreteraren Leopoldt" . It depicts the Rococo muse Ulla Winblad, as the narrator offers a "little breakfast" of "red wine with burnet, and a newly-shot snipe" in a pastoral setting in the Stockholm countryside.

Bröderna fara väl vilse ibland, is a song by the Swedish poet and performer Carl Michael Bellman, from his 1790 collection, Fredman's Epistles, where it is No. 35. The epistle is subtitled "Angående sin Sköna och hännes obeständighet.". The first verse ends "My girl has forgotten me, I'll die faithful. Night and day in drunkenness, shall all my sorrow pass away."

Fader Berg i hornet stöter is Epistle No. 3 in the Swedish poet and performer Carl Michael Bellman's 1790 song collection, Fredman's Epistles. The epistle is subtitled "Till en och var av systrarna, men enkannerligen till Ulla Winblad". One of his best-known works, it is both about and mimics the rhythm of playing the horn, while Fredman enjoys the sight of Ulla Winblad dancing in a ruffled dress.

Käraste Bröder Systrar och Vänner is Epistle No. 9 in the Swedish poet and performer Carl Michael Bellman's 1790 song collection, Fredman's Epistles. The epistle is subtitled with the dedication "Til Gumman på Thermopolium Boreale och hännes Jungfrur.", Barbara Ekenberg. It describes the fictional Jean Fredman's cheerful world of brandy, women, and dance, in the setting of a tavern which is halfway to a brothel. The song ends with Fredman's credo, a celebration of everything that is delightful in life.

Blåsen nu alla, "All blow now!", is one of the Swedish poet and performer Carl Michael Bellman's best-known and best-loved songs, from his 1790 collection, Fredman's Epistles, where it is No. 25. It is a pastorale, based on François Boucher's rococo 1740 painting Triumph of Venus.

Glimmande nymf, is a song by the Swedish poet and performer Carl Michael Bellman from his 1790 collection, Fredman's Epistles, where it is No. 72. It is subtitled "Lemnad vid Cajsa Lisas Säng, sent om en afton", and set to a melody by Egidio Duni. A night-piece, it depicts a Rococo muse in the Ulla Winblad mould, asleep in her bed in Stockholm, complete with allusions to both classical and Nordic mythology.

Liksom en Herdinna, högtids klädd, is a song by the Swedish poet and performer Carl Michael Bellman from his 1790 collection, Fredman's Epistles, where it is No. 80. The Epistle is subtitled "Angående Ulla Winblads Lustresa til Första Torpet, utom Kattrumps Tullen". It is a pastorale, starting with a near-paraphrase of Nicolas Boileau-Despréaux's French guide to the construction of pastoral verse. That doesn't prevent the supposed shepherd and shepherdess from falling into bed drunk at the end of the song. It has been described as lovelier in Swedish than in Boileau's original French. The epistle's humorous depiction of the human condition has been praised by critics.

Vår Ulla låg i sängen och sov is Epistle No. 36 in the Swedish poet and performer Carl Michael Bellman's 1790 song collection, Fredman's Epistles. The epistle is subtitled "Rörande Ulla Winblad's flykt". It begins with the innkeeper peeping through the keyhole to her bedroom and whispering with his friends as she sleeps, slowly waking up. Then she dresses ornately and enters the tavern, delighting the menfolk until she is suddenly arrested.

Gråt Fader Berg och spela is No. 12 in the Swedish poet and performer Carl Michael Bellman's 1790 song collection, Fredman's Epistles. The epistle is subtitled "Elegi över Slagsmålet på Gröna Lund". It is a lament over a pub brawl, caused by Fredman's drinking a soldier's beer and dancing with someone else's girlfriend. Set to the melody from the aria "The flocks shall leave the mountains" in George Frideric Handel's opera Acis and Galatea, it is the best-known of his poems describing the consequences of brandy-drinking. Bellman used the contrast between the romantic associations of the melody and the brutal reality of heavy drinking to humorous effect.

Ge rum i Bröllopsgåln din hund! is Epistle No. 40 in the Swedish poet and performer Carl Michael Bellman's 1790 song collection, Fredman's Epistles. One of his best-known works, it describes an utterly chaotic wedding at a venue where soldiers mixed up with musicians and the wedding-party; the chimney catches fire, and even the priest robs the collection. The verse-pattern and elaborate rhyming scheme combine to assist the feeling of chaos.

Stolta stad! is Epistle No. 33 in the Swedish poet and performer Carl Michael Bellman's 1790 song collection, Fredman's Epistles. One of his best-known works, it combines both spoken and sung sections. In the spoken sections, Bellman, as composer and as performer, imitates a whole crowd of people of many descriptions. It has been described as Swedish literature's most congenial portrait of the country's capital city, Stockholm.

Movitz blåste en konsert is epistle No. 51 in the Swedish poet and performer Carl Michael Bellman's 1790 song collection, Fredman's Epistles. The epistle is subtitled "Angående konserten på Tre Byttor", naming a restaurant in Stockholm's Djurgården park. It was written after Bellman had become a court musician to the new King Gustav III in 1773. The melody was borrowed from George Frideric Handel's 1718 opera, Acis and Galatea.

Tjenare Mollberg, hur är det fatt? is No. 45 in the Swedish poet and performer Carl Michael Bellman's 1790 song collection, Fredman's Epistles. The epistle is subtitled "Till fader Mollberg rörande hans harpa, och tillika et slags ad notitiam at Mollberg led oskyldigt på Krogen Rostock" ; the song is sometimes known under this name. It describes a fight in a tavern that starts when Mollberg innocently plays a Polska on his harp, leading his audience to assume it was propaganda for Poland.

Fader Bergström, stäm upp och klinga is one of the Swedish poet and performer Carl Michael Bellman's songs, from his 1790 collection, Fredman's Epistles, where it is No. 63. The melody is based on a minuet by Carl Envallsson. Bergström was a musician, and the song celebrates dancing and drinking late into the evening. The song, written in 1773, was revised heavily to make it suitable for publication. The initial version, naming Movitz not Bergström as the musician, was an attack on an over-zealous priest who had caused Bellman to be summonsed for an earlier poem that had joked about salvation. The song has been recorded by Bellman interpreters including Fred Åkerström, Fredrik Berg, and Rolf Leanderson.

Nå skruva fiolen is Epistle No. 2 in the Swedish poet and performer Carl Michael Bellman's 1790 song collection, Fredman's Epistles. The epistle is subtitled "Till fader Berg, rörande fiolen". It is both about and mimicking the rhythm of playing the violin. The scholar Lars Lönnroth comments that Bellman used the resemblance of a cello to a woman's body, certainly pretending to play it as such for laughs, while the use of words like "screw" in the lyrics was similarly explicitly obscene. The Bellman interpreter Fred Åkerström recorded the song on his 1974 album Glimmande nymf.

Fram med basfiolen, knäpp och skruva is Epistle No. 7 in the Swedish poet and performer Carl Michael Bellman's 1790 song collection, Fredman's Epistles. The epistle is subtitled "Som synes vara en elegi, skriven vid Ulla Winblads sang, sent om en afton". It describes an attempt by Jean Fredman to make love to Ulla Winblad, set to a tune from a French operetta, narrated with a combination of biblical allusion and suggestive metaphor. The mention of elegy implies that the song is about death, but the subtext is of the "little death" or female orgasm. Scholars have remarked the epistle's ambiguity, enabling it to work both on a high mythological level and a low worldly level. Similarly, the musician's cello serves both as a musical instrument and as a symbol for Ulla Winblad's body, allowing the singer to mime plucking strings and feeling a woman's body.

Värm mer Öl och Bröd is epistle No. 43 in the Swedish poet and performer Carl Michael Bellman's 1790 song collection, Fredman's Epistles. The epistle, dated 14 November 1771, is subtitled "Till Ulla Winblad, skrifven vid et ömt tilfälle". The source of the melody has not been traced.

References

1 2 "Fredmans epistlar" [Fredman's Epistles]. Bellman.net (in Swedish). Retrieved 7 December 2021.
1 2 3 Britten Austin 1967 , pp. 60–93
↑ "Orphei Drängar". Orphei Drängar . Retrieved 17 March 2016.
↑ Hassler & Dahl 1989, pp. 284–285.
↑ Britten Austin 1967, p. 180.
↑ "Visor från vinden". Sonloco.com. Retrieved 17 March 2016.
↑ "Glimmande Nymf tolkad av Kajsa Grytt". Stockholms stad. Retrieved 17 March 2016.
↑ "Carl Michael Bellman". YouTube . Retrieved 17 March 2016.
↑ Britten Austin 1967, pp. 82–84.
1 2 Massengale 1979 , p. 112

Sources

Bellman, Carl Michael (1790). Fredmans epistlar. Stockholm: By Royal Privilege.
Britten Austin, Paul (1967). The Life and Songs of Carl Michael Bellman: Genius of the Swedish Rococo. New York: Allhem, Malmö American-Scandinavian Foundation. ISBN 978-3-932759-00-0.
Britten Austin, Paul (1999) [1990]. Fredman's Epistles and Songs. Stockholm: Proprius.
Burman, Carina (2019). Bellman. Biografin [Bellman. The Biography]. Stockholm: Albert Bonniers Förlag. ISBN 978-9100141790.
Hassler, Göran; Dahl, Peter (illus.) (1989). Bellman – en antologi [Bellman – an anthology]. En bok för alla. ISBN 91-7448-742-6. (contains the most popular Epistles and Songs, in Swedish, with sheet music)
Hassler, Göran; Dahl, Peter (illus.) (1989a). Bellman II – en antologi [Bellman – an anthology]. En bok för alla. ISBN 91-7448-837-6. (contains the most popular Epistles and Songs, in Swedish, with sheet music)
Kleveland, Åse; Ehrén, Svenolov (1984). Fredmans epistlar & sånger [The songs and epistles of Fredman]. Stockholm: Informationsförlaget. ISBN 91-7736-059-1. (with facsimiles of sheet music from first editions in 1790, 1791)
Lönnroth, Lars (2005). Ljuva karneval! : om Carl Michael Bellmans diktning [Lovely Carnival! : about Carl Michael Bellman's Verse]. Stockholm: Bonniers. ISBN 978-91-0-057245-7. OCLC 61881374.
Massengale, James Rhea (1979). The Musical-Poetic Method of Carl Michael Bellman. Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell International. ISBN 91-554-0849-4.
Matz, Edvard (2004). Carl Michael Bellman – Nymfer och friskt kalas [Carl Michael Bellman – Nymphs and splendid feasts]. Lund: Historiska Media. ISBN 91-89442-97-0.

External links

Bellman lyrics and reference index Bellman.net (in Swedish)

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[fe-1] 1 2 "Fredmans epistlar" [Fredman's Epistles]. Bellman.net (in Swedish). Retrieved 7 December 2021.

[BA-2] 1 2 3 Britten Austin 1967 , pp. 60–93

[OD-3] "Orphei Drängar". Orphei Drängar . Retrieved 17 March 2016.

[FOOTNOTEHasslerDahl1989284–285-4] Hassler & Dahl 1989, pp. 284–285.

[FOOTNOTEBritten_Austin1967180-5] Britten Austin 1967, p. 180.

[6] "Visor från vinden". Sonloco.com. Retrieved 17 March 2016.

[7] "Glimmande Nymf tolkad av Kajsa Grytt". Stockholms stad. Retrieved 17 March 2016.

[8] "Carl Michael Bellman". YouTube . Retrieved 17 March 2016.

[FOOTNOTEBritten_Austin196782–84-9] Britten Austin 1967, pp. 82–84.

[Massengale112-10] 1 2 Massengale 1979 , p. 112

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List of Fredman's Epistles

Contents