Although Russia has been a Pariah state since the Russian invasion of Ukraine, Russia has still maintained military cooperation agreements with some countries.
| Country | Details |
|---|---|
 Nicaragua | The government of Nicaraguan President Daniel Ortega has authorised Russian troops, planes and ships to deploy to Nicaragua for purposes of training, law enforcement or emergency response. [1] |
 Venezuela | Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro pledged a “powerful military cooperation” with Russia. [2] |
| Country | Details |
|---|---|
 Belarus | Russia and Belarus have maintained close military cooperation since the fall of the Soviet Union. [3] |
 Hungary | [4] |
 Serbia | Russia wants to continue its military cooperation with Serbia, its main ally, while also encouraging the militarization of the Republic Srpska in terms of military influence. Although Belgrade is content with the level of cooperation it currently enjoys with Moscow, it aspires to avoid becoming a Russian stronghold in the Balkans. In reality, Russia is just one of many security players in the Balkans, competing with China and being overshadowed by NATO. [5] |
 Transnistria | [6] |
| Country | Details |
|---|---|
 Burkina Faso | [7] |
 Central African Republic | In 2018, according to Russian news agencies, the agreement was signed by the C.A.R.'s Marie-Noelle Koyara and Russian Defense Minister Sergei Shoigu outside of a state-sponsored arms show. [8] |
 Eritrea | [9] |
 Mali | Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov announced increased military assistance for the Malian military junta while visiting Mali. Mali's efforts to put down an Islamist insurgency in the Sahel will be supported, according to Moscow. [10] |
 Zimbabwe | Zimbabwe and Russia plan to develop military-technical cooperation, in which the eastern European country would intensify its supply of weapons to the Zimbabwean army. [11] |
| Country | Details |
|---|---|
 Afghanistan | Limited cooperation agreements [12] |
 Armenia | Member of the CSTO |
 Azerbaijan | In 2023, Russia and Azerbaijan signed a joint wide-ranging political-military agreement. [13] |
 China | [14] |
 India | In 2021, Russia and India inked a 10-year defense cooperation pact. [15] |
 Iran | On January 20, Russian Defense Minister Sergei Shoigu and Iranian Defense Minister Hossein Dehghan signed an intergovernmental agreement on "long term and multifaceted" military cooperation in Tehran, Iran. For the first time in 15 years, a Russian defense minister is visiting Iran, underscoring the growing military and diplomatic ties between the two countries as well as their shared opposition to American foreign policy in the Middle East and elsewhere. [16] |
 Kazakhstan | Lawmakers in Kazakhstan have ratified an updated military cooperation deal with Russia that replaces a previous emphasis on issues like nuclear disarmament in favor of regional security, anti-terrorism and cybersecurity. [17] |
 Kyrgyzstan | Member of the CSTO |
 Laos | [18] |
 Myanmar | Russia has supported the military junta of Myanmar run by General Min Aung Hlaing. [19] [20] |
 North Korea | Military cooperation expanded in 2023. [21] |
 Pakistan | [22] |
 Saudi Arabia | Agreement signed in 2021. [23] |
 Syria | In 2015, Russia began air strikes in Syria to support Assad's struggling troops. [24] |
 Tajikistan | Member of the CSTO |
 Uzbekistan | Military cooperation of Russia and Uzbekistan are regulated primarily by the Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation of May 30, 1992. [25] |
 Vietnam | In 2021, Russia and Vietnam signed a military-technical deal. [26] |
The Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) is a regional intergovernmental organization in Eurasia. It was formed following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. It covers an area of 20,368,759 km2 (7,864,422 sq mi) and has an estimated population of 239,796,010. The CIS encourages cooperation in economic, political, and military affairs and has certain powers relating to the coordination of trade, finance, lawmaking, and security, including cross-border crime prevention.
Brazil–Russia relations have seen significant improvement in recent years, characterized by increased commercial trades and cooperation in military and technology segments. The two countries maintain important partnerships in areas such as space, military technologies, and telecommunications.
Russia–Vietnam relations date back formally to 30 January 1950, when the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics established an embassy to North Vietnam. The Soviet Union was one of the first countries in the world to recognize and formally establish diplomatic relations with Vietnam, laying the foundations for strong and cooperative friendship between the two countries.
Greco-Russian relations are the bilateral foreign relations between Greece and Russia. The two countries first entered into diplomatic relations in 1828. Both Greece and Russia are members of international organizations and agreements, including the United Nations, Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, and the Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation.
Russia–South Africa relations are foreign relations between Russia and South Africa. Full diplomatic relations were established between both countries in 1942 as the Soviet Union. Russia has an embassy in Pretoria and a consulate-general in Cape Town. South Africa has an embassy in Moscow. Both countries are also members of BRICS.
Egypt–Russia relations are the bilateral relations between Egypt and Russia. Diplomatic relations between the Soviet Union and Egypt were established on August 26, 1943. Egypt has an embassy in Moscow, while Russia has an embassy in Cairo and a consulate-general in Alexandria.
There are currently no diplomatic or bilateral relations between Russia and Ukraine. The two states have been at war since Russia invaded the Crimean peninsula in February 2014, and Russian-controlled armed groups seized Donbas government buildings in May 2014. Following the Ukrainian Euromaidan in 2014, Ukraine's Crimean peninsula was occupied by unmarked Russian forces, and later illegally annexed by Russia, while pro-Russia separatists simultaneously engaged the Ukrainian military in an armed conflict for control over eastern Ukraine; these events marked the beginning of the Russo-Ukrainian War. In a major escalation of the conflict on 24 February 2022, Russia launched a large scale military invasion across a broad front, causing Ukraine to sever all formal diplomatic ties with Russia.
Cuba–Russia relations reflect the political, economic and cultural exchanges between Cuba and Russia. These countries have had close cooperation since the days of the Soviet Union. Russia has an embassy in Havana and a consulate-general in Santiago de Cuba. Cuba has an embassy in Moscow and an honorary consulate in Saint Petersburg. Around 55,000 people of Russian descent live in Cuba.
The Soviet Union and Pakistan first established the diplomatic and bilateral relations on 1 May 1948.
The foreign policy of Vladimir Putin concerns the policies of the Russian Federation's president Vladimir Putin with respect to other nations. He has held the office of the President previously from 2000 to 2008, and reassumed power again in 2012 and has been President since.
Russia–Sudan relations are the bilateral relations between Russia and Sudan. Russia has an embassy in Khartoum and Sudan has an embassy in Moscow.
Turkey and Ukraine have a long chronology of historical, geographic, and cultural contact. Diplomatic relations between both countries were established in early 1990s when Turkey became one of the first states in the world to announce officially about recognition of sovereign Ukraine. Turkey has an embassy in Kyiv and a consulate general in Odesa. Ukraine has an embassy in Ankara and a consulate general in Istanbul. Turkey is a full member of NATO and Ukraine is a candidate. Also both countries are BLACKSEAFOR and BSEC members.
Israel–Vietnam relations refers to the bilateral relations between the State of Israel and the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. Vietnam and Israel established diplomatic relations on July 12, 1993, followed by Israel opening its resident embassy in Hanoi in December 1993. The current Vietnamese Ambassador to Israel is Lý Đức Trung, who has been assigned since April 2022. Ambassador Lý Đức Trung operates out of the Vietnamese embassy in Tel Aviv. The current Israeli Ambassador to Vietnam is Yaron Mayer, who has been assigned since August 2022. Ambassador Mayer operates out of the Israeli embassy in Hanoi.
China and Russia established diplomatic relations after the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991.
Ukrainian Defense Industry, also operating as Ukroboronprom State Concern, is an association of multi-product enterprises in various sectors of the defence industry of Ukraine. The company has ceased most of its activities across Ukraine since the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine and has relocated much of its production abroad during the war.
NATO maintains foreign relations with many non-member countries across the globe. NATO runs a number of programs which provide a framework for the partnerships between itself and these non-member nations, typically based on that country's location. These include the Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council and the Partnership for Peace.
The future enlargement of the Eurasian Economic Union is theoretically open to any of the post-Soviet states and potentially any country of Europe or Asia. In order to accede, a state must fulfill certain economic and political requirements. Enlargement of the Eurasian Economic Union is also subject to the consent of all existing members and the candidate's adoption of existing EEU laws and implementing previous decisions made by the Eurasian Economic Commission. The present agenda of the enlargement of the Eurasian Economic Union is primarily focused on Tajikistan. Meanwhile, Moldova was granted Observer Status in April 2017, followed by Uzbekistan and Cuba in December 2020. The process of enlargement is referred to as Eurasian integration or Eurasianism. This term is also used to refer to the intensification of economic cooperation between Eurasian Economic Union member states.
The Islamic Republic of Iran and Ukraine established formal diplomatic relations on 22 January 1992. Iran recognized Ukraine as an independent sovereign state on 25 December 1991, four months after the Ukrainian SSR issued the Act of Declaration of Independence of Ukraine amidst the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Iran has an embassy in Ukraine's Kyiv, and Ukraine has an embassy in Iran's Tehran. The two countries enjoyed a generally cordial relationship with each other until January 2020, when Iran's Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps shot down Ukraine International Airlines Flight 752, killing all of the 176 civilians onboard.
The 2021–2024 global energy crisis began in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2021, with much of the globe facing shortages and increased prices in oil, gas and electricity markets. The crisis was caused by a variety of economic factors, including the rapid post-pandemic economic rebound that outpaced energy supply, and escalated into a widespread global energy crisis following the Russian invasion of Ukraine. The price of natural gas reached record highs, and as a result, so did electricity in some markets. Oil prices hit their highest level since 2008.
