List of Shia dynasties

Last updated February 22, 2025

North Africa and Europe

Idrisid dynasty (788–985 CE) — (Morocco) - Zaīdī ^[1] (disputed)
Fatimid dynasty (909–1171 CE) — (Kabylia) - Isma'īlī
Banu Kanz (1004–1412 CE) - (Upper Egypt) ^[2] — Isma'īlī
Hammūdids (1016–1057 CE) — (Iberian Peninsula, Ceuta) — Zaīdī
Zirid dynasty (973–1148 CE) - (Kabylia)^[3] — Isma'īlī
Kalbids (948–1053) — (Sicily) Isma'īlī

Iran and Caucasus

Chobanids (1338–1357 CE)
Justanids (791–974 CE) — Zaidi
Alavids (864–929 CE) — Zaidi
Aishanids (912–961 CE)
Ziyarid dynasty (928–1043 CE)
Buyid dynasty (934–1062 CE) — Zaidi, later converted to Twelver ^[4]
Hasanwayhid (959–1047 CE)
Kakuyids (1008–1051 CE)
Nizari Ismaili state (1090–1256 CE) — Nizari
Ilkhanate (1304–1335 CE)
Sarbadars (1332–1386 CE) — Twelver^[5]
Injuids (1335–1357 CE) — Twelver^[5]
Marashiyan (1359–1582 CE) - Twelver
Musha'sha'iyyah dynasty (1436–1729 CE) — Musha'sha
Safavid dynasty (1501–1736 CE) — Twelver^[6]
Erivan Khanate (1604–1828 CE)
Afshars (1732-1798 CE)
Baku Khanate (1753–1806 CE)
Derbent Khanate (1747–1806 CE)
Ganja Khanate (1747–1804 CE)
Talysh Khanate (1747–1828 CE)
Nakhichevan Khanate (1747–1813 CE)
Karabakh Khanate (1747–1822 CE)
Javad Khanate (1747-1805 CE)
Zand dynasty (1750–1794 CE) - Twelver
Qajar dynasty (1785–1925 CE)
Pahlavi dynasty (1925–1979 CE)

Arabian Peninsula

Hijaz

Sharifate of Mecca - Zaidi (converted to Sunnism in the Ottoman period)^[7]
Sharifate of Medina - Twelver (converted to Sunnism in the Ottoman period)

Yemen

Banu Ukhaidhir (865–1066 CE) — Zaidi
Rassids (897–1970 CE) — Zaidi
Sulayhid dynasty (1047–1138 CE) — Ismaili^[8]
Sulaymanids – Ismaili
Hamdanids (Yemen) – Ismaili
Zurayids - Ismaili
Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen (1926–1970 AD) — Zaidi

Bahrain

Qarmatians (900–1073 CE) — Qarmatian
Uyunid Emirate (1073-1253 CE) — Twelver^[9]
Usfurids (1253–1320 CE) — Twelver^[9]
Jarwanid dynasty (1305–1487 CE)^[10] — Twelver^[11]
Jabrids (1417-1524 CE) — Twelver^[9] (disputed)

Levant and Iraq

Jalayirid Sultanate (1335–1432 CE)
Emirate of Al-Mukhtar Al-Thaqafi (685-687) Al-Mukhtar ruled most of Iraq, except for Basra. His rule also extended to Arminiya and Isfahan.
Hamdanid dynasty (890–1004 CE)
Mazyadids (961–1163 CE) (central and southern Iraq)
Numayrids (990–1081 CE) (eastern Syria and southeastern Turkey)
Uqaylid Dynasty (990–1169 CE)
Mirdasids (1024–1080 CE)
Banu Ammar (1065 until 1109)
Harfush dynasty (1483–1865 CE)
Emirate of Jabal Amil (1710–1980 CE)
Al-Muntafiq Union (1530-1918) It was a Shiite-Sunni confederation that included tribes in southern and central Iraq

Indian subcontinent

Soomra dynasty (1026–1351 CE)
Bahmani Sultanate (1347–1527 CE)
Bidar Sultanate (1489–1619 CE)
Berar Sultanate (1490–1572 CE)
Ahmadnagar Sultanate (1490–1636 CE)
Chak dynasty (1554-1586 CE)^[12]
Qutb Shahi dynasty (1512–1687 CE)
Adil Shahi dynasty (1490–1686 CE)
Najm-i-Sani dynasty (1658–1949 CE)
Nawabs of Oudh (1722–1858 CE)
Nawabs of Bengal (1757–1880 CE)
Talpur dynasty (1783–1843 CE)^[13]
Hunza (princely state) (1000s–1974 CE)
Nagar (princely state) (4th Century–1974 CE)
Prithimpassa State (1499-1950)
Banganapalle State (1665-1948)

Southeast Asia

Daya Pasai (1128–1285 CE)^[14]
Bandar Kalibah ^[14]
Moira Malaya ^[14]
Kanto Kambar ^[14]
Robaromun ^[14]

East Africa

Kilwa Sultanate (957–1506 CE)^[15]
Onthanusi Sultanate ^[16]

References

↑
Ibn Abī Zarʻ al-Fāsī, ʻAlī ibn ʻAbd Allāh (1340), Rawḍ al-Qirṭās: Anīs al-Muṭrib bi-Rawd al-Qirṭās fī Akhbār Mulūk al-Maghrib wa-Tārīkh Madīnat Fās , ar-Rabāṭ: Dār al-Manṣūr (published 1972), p. 38
^{[ non-primary source needed ]}
- Ignác Goldziher & Bernard Lewis, Introduction to Islamic theology and law , Princeton University Press (1981), p. 218
- James Hastings, Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics, Part 24 , Kessinger Publishing (2003), p. 844
- Abd Ar Rahman ibn Khaldun (translated by Franz Rosenthal), The Muqaddimah, Chap III : On dynasties, royal authority, the caliphate, government ranks, and all that goes with these things , on http://www.muslimphilosophy.com
↑ شاكر مصطفى, موسوعة دول العالم الأسلامي ورجالها الجزء الأول, (دار العلم للملايين: 1993), p.420
↑ As a vassal state, due to political conflict with the Fatimids, in around 1048 the dynasty changed alliagance to the Sunni Abbasid Caliphate and the ruling elite switched from Shia (Zaydi or Ismaili) Islam to Sunnism. See Idris H. Roger, L'invasion hilālienne et ses conséquences, in : Cahiers de civilisation médiévale (43), Jul.-Sep. 1968, pp.353-369. and Berry, LaVerle. "Fatamids". Libya: A Country Study. Library of Congress. Retrieved 5 March 2011.
↑ Berkey, Jonathan (2003). The Formation of Islam: Religion and Society in the Near East, 600-1800 . Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-58813-3., p. 135
1 2 Newman, Andrew J. Twelver Shiism: Unity and Diversity in the Life of Islam, 632 to 1722. Edinburgh University Press, Nov 20, 2013.
↑ RM Savory, Safavids, Encyclopedia of Islam , 2nd ed.
↑ "Welcome to Encyclopaedia Iranica".
↑ Contemporary Yemen: politics and historical background, By B. R. Pridham, pg.14
1 2 3 Yitzhak Nakash, Reaching for Power:The Shi'a in the Modern Arab World, (Princeton University Press, 2006), 22.
↑ http://www.alwasatnews.com/data/2009/2379/pdf/fdt5.pdf ^{[ bare URL PDF ]}
↑ Juan R. I. Cole, "Rival Empires of Trade and Imami Shiism in Eastern Arabia, 1300-1800", International Journal of Middle East Studies, Vol. 19, No. 2. (May, 1987), pp. 177-203, at p. 179, through JSTOR.
↑ Alam, Parvez (January 2015). "The Spread of Shi'ism in Kashmir during Chak Dynasty (1554-1586 A.D". Islam and Muslim Societies.
↑ "Home". talpur.org.
1 2 3 4 5 شاكر مصطفى, موسوعة دول العالم الأسلامي ورجالها الجزء الثالث, (دار العلم للملايين: 1993), p.1987
↑ شاكر مصطفى, موسوعة دول العالم الأسلامي ورجالها الجزء الثالث, (دار العلم للملايين: 1993), p.1360
↑ شاكر مصطفى, موسوعة دوال العالم الأسلامي ورجالها الجزء الثالث, (دار العلم للملايين: 1993), p.1371

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[1] Ibn Abī Zarʻ al-Fāsī, ʻAlī ibn ʻAbd Allāh (1340), Rawḍ al-Qirṭās: Anīs al-Muṭrib bi-Rawd al-Qirṭās fī Akhbār Mulūk al-Maghrib wa-Tārīkh Madīnat Fās , ar-Rabāṭ: Dār al-Manṣūr (published 1972), p. 38^{[ non-primary source needed ]}
Ignác Goldziher & Bernard Lewis, Introduction to Islamic theology and law , Princeton University Press (1981), p. 218
James Hastings, Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics, Part 24 , Kessinger Publishing (2003), p. 844
Abd Ar Rahman ibn Khaldun (translated by Franz Rosenthal), The Muqaddimah, Chap III : On dynasties, royal authority, the caliphate, government ranks, and all that goes with these things , on http://www.muslimphilosophy.com

[mwAU8] Ignác Goldziher & Bernard Lewis, Introduction to Islamic theology and law , Princeton University Press (1981), p. 218

[mwAVI] James Hastings, Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics, Part 24 , Kessinger Publishing (2003), p. 844

[mwAVU] Abd Ar Rahman ibn Khaldun (translated by Franz Rosenthal), The Muqaddimah, Chap III : On dynasties, royal authority, the caliphate, government ranks, and all that goes with these things , on http://www.muslimphilosophy.com

[2] شاكر مصطفى, موسوعة دول العالم الأسلامي ورجالها الجزء الأول, (دار العلم للملايين: 1993), p.420

[3] As a vassal state, due to political conflict with the Fatimids, in around 1048 the dynasty changed alliagance to the Sunni Abbasid Caliphate and the ruling elite switched from Shia (Zaydi or Ismaili) Islam to Sunnism. See Idris H. Roger, L'invasion hilālienne et ses conséquences, in : Cahiers de civilisation médiévale (43), Jul.-Sep. 1968, pp.353-369. and Berry, LaVerle. "Fatamids". Libya: A Country Study. Library of Congress. Retrieved 5 March 2011.

[4] Berkey, Jonathan (2003). The Formation of Islam: Religion and Society in the Near East, 600-1800 . Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-58813-3., p. 135

[Ne-5] 1 2 Newman, Andrew J. Twelver Shiism: Unity and Diversity in the Life of Islam, 632 to 1722. Edinburgh University Press, Nov 20, 2013.

[savoryeiref-6] RM Savory, Safavids, Encyclopedia of Islam , 2nd ed.

[7] "Welcome to Encyclopaedia Iranica".

[8] Contemporary Yemen: politics and historical background, By B. R. Pridham, pg.14

[Yi-9] 1 2 3 Yitzhak Nakash, Reaching for Power:The Shi'a in the Modern Arab World, (Princeton University Press, 2006), 22.

[10] ttp://www.alwasatnews.com/data/2009/2379/pdf/fdt5.pdf ^{[ bare URL PDF ]}

[a-11] Juan R. I. Cole, "Rival Empires of Trade and Imami Shiism in Eastern Arabia, 1300-1800", International Journal of Middle East Studies, Vol. 19, No. 2. (May, 1987), pp. 177-203, at p. 179, through JSTOR.

[12] Alam, Parvez (January 2015). "The Spread of Shi'ism in Kashmir during Chak Dynasty (1554-1586 A.D". Islam and Muslim Societies.

[13] "Home". talpur.org.

[ReferenceA-14] 1 2 3 4 5 شاكر مصطفى, موسوعة دول العالم الأسلامي ورجالها الجزء الثالث, (دار العلم للملايين: 1993), p.1987

[15] شاكر مصطفى, موسوعة دول العالم الأسلامي ورجالها الجزء الثالث, (دار العلم للملايين: 1993), p.1360

[16] شاكر مصطفى, موسوعة دوال العالم الأسلامي ورجالها الجزء الثالث, (دار العلم للملايين: 1993), p.1371

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