List of Soviet and Russian submarine classes

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Submarines of the Soviet Navy were developed by numbered "projects", which were sometimes but not always given names. During the Cold War, NATO nations referred to these classes by NATO reporting names, based on intelligence data, which did not always correspond with the projects. See:

Contents

The NATO reporting names were based on the British (and later American) habit of naming submarines with a letter of the alphabet indicating the class, followed by a serial number of that class. The names are the radiotelephonic alphabet call sign of a letter of the alphabet. For security purposes, the "pennant numbers" of Soviet submarines were not sequential, any more than those of Soviet surface vessels were.

Most Russian (and Soviet) submarines had no "personal" name, but were only known by a number, prefixed by letters identifying the boat's type at a higher level than her class. Those letters included:

Any of those prefixes could have С (S) added to the end, standing for специальная (spetsialnaya) and meaning "designed for special missions":

Diesel-electric

Russo-Japanese War

World War I era

World War II era

ProjectSeriesImageBuiltAssignment
Dekabrist-class submarine Series I Shadowgraph Dekabrist class I series submarine mod.svg 6large positional submarine
Leninets-class submarine Series II, XI, XIII, XIII-1938 Shadowgraph Leninets class II series submarine.svg

Shadowgraph Leninets class II mod series submarine.svg Shadowgraph Leninets class XI mod series submarine.svg Shadowgraph Leninets class XIII mod series submarine.svg Shadowgraph Leninets class XIII-1938 series submarine.svg

25Minelayers
Shchuka-class submarine Series III, V, V-bis, V-bis-2, X, X-1938 Shadowgraph Schuka class III series submarine 01.svg

Shadowgraph Schuka class V series submarine.svg Shadowgraph Schuka class V-bis series submarine.svg Shadowgraph Schuka class V-bis-2 series submarine.svg Shadowgraph Schuka class X series submarine.svg Shadowgraph Schuka class X-bis series submarine.svg

86Medium-sized patrol submarines.
Pravda-class submarine Serie IV Shadowgraph Pravda class IV series submarine.svg

Shadowgraph Pravda class IV series submarine mod.svg

3Squadron submarines.
Malyutka-class submarine Series VI, VI-bis, XII, XV Shadowgraph Malyutka class VI series submarine.svg
Shadowgraph Malyutka class VI-bis series submarine.svg
Shadowgraph Malyutka class XII series submarine.svg
Shadowgraph Malyutka class XV series submarine.svg
110Small submarines for coastal patrols.
S-class submarine Series IX, IX-bis Shadowgraph S-1 IX series submarine.svg Shadowgraph S-56 submarine.svg 41Medium submarines, built using German project (early version of Type IX).
K-class submarine Serie XIV Shadowgraph Kreiserskaya class submarine.svg 11Cruiser submarines with combined arms.
TS-class submarine Rechinul and Marsuinul.jpg 3Former submarines of the Royal Romanian Navy: Rechinul (TS-1), Marsuinul (TS-2) and Delfinul (TS-3)

Post-World War II era

Attack submarines

ProjectNATO reporting nameSilhouette/ImageBuiltAssignment
611 Zulu class Zulu II class SS.svg 26Large oceanic submarines
613 Whiskey class Whiskey V class SS.svg 215Medium multi-purpose submarines
615 Quebec class Quebec class SS.svg 30Small submarines with full-diesel propulsion
617 Whale class Whale class SS.svg 1Experimental submarines which had a Walter engine fuelled by high test peroxide (HTP)
633 Romeo class Romeo class SS.svg 20Medium submarines
641 Foxtrot class Foxtrot class SS.svg 75Large oceanic submarines
641B Cом (Som, catfish)Tango class Tango class SS.svg 18Large oceanic submarines
690 Кефаль (Kefal, mullet)Bravo class Bravo class SS.svg 4Target submarine for torpedo exercises
877, 877E, 877EKM, 877V, 877LPMB, 877EK Палтус (Paltus, halibut)Kilo class Kilo class SS.svg 43Large submarines
636, 636М Варшавянка (Varshavyanka, after Warsaw Pact)Improved Kilo class Improved Kilo class SS.svg 30Large submarines
677 Лада (Lada, goddess of love)St. Petersburg Lada class S.Peterburg.svg 1Large submarines
1650 Амур (the Amur River) Amur 1650.jpg 0Modification of Lada class for export
865 Пиранья (Piran'ya, piranha)Losos class (Salmon) Model submarine project 865 to <<Army 2015>>.JPG 2Midget submarines

Guided missile submarines

ProjectNATO reporting nameSilhouette/ImageBuiltAssignment
P613 Whiskey Single Cylinder Whiskey V class SS.svg 1 × SS-N-3 cruise missile
644 Whiskey Twin Cylinder Whiskey Twin Cylinder class SSG.svg 2 × SS-N-3 cruise missile
665 Whiskey Long Bin Whiskey Long Bin class SSG.svg 4 × SS-N-3 cruise missile
651 Juliett Juliett class SSG.svg 16Four SS-N-3 Shaddock (P-5 or P-6), or SS-N-12 Sandbox (P-500 4K-80 Basalt)

Ballistic missile submarines

ProjectNATO reporting nameSilhouette/ImageBuiltAssignment
V611, 611AV Zulu Zulu IV class SSB.svg

Zulu V class SSB.svg

6
629, 609, 601, 605, 619 Golf Golf I class SSB 629 project.svg

Golf II class SSB 629A project.svg Golf I class SSB 629B project.svg Golf III class SSB 601 project.svg Golf IV class SSB 605 project.svg Golf V class SSB 619 project.svg Golf I Mod class SSQ 629R project.svg

243 × Project 629 boats D-1 launch system with R-11FM missiles

Auxiliary submarines

ProjectNATO reporting nameSilhouette/ImageBuiltAssignment
940 Ленок (Lenok) India India class.jpg 22 × Poseidon class DSRV's
1710 Макрель (Makrel, mackerel) Beluga 1It was an experimental vessel used for testing propulsion systems, hull forms, and boundary-layer control techniques.
1840 Lima 1Large special. It was used for trying out new technologies, research, or special mission support

Nuclear-powered

Attack submarines

First generation

ProjectNATO reporting nameSilhouette/ImageBuiltAssignment
627 Кит, 645 Кит-ЖМТ (Kit, whale) November November class SSN 627 project.svg

November class SSN 627A project.svg

14First soviet submarines powered by nuclear reactor

Second generation

ProjectNATO reporting nameSilhouette/ImageBuiltAssignment
671, 671B, 671K, 671R Ёрш (Yorsh, ruffe) Victor I Victor I class SSN.svg 16
671RT Victor II Victor II class SSN.svg 7
671RTM Щука (Shchuka, pike) Victor III Victor III class SSN.svg 25

Third generation

ProjectNATO reporting nameSilhouette/ImageBuiltAssignment
705, 705K Лира (Lira, lyre) Alfa Alfa class SSN.svg 7
945 Барракуда (Barrakuda, barracuda) Sierra I Sierra I class SSN.svg 2
945A Кондор (Kondor, condor) Sierra II Sierra II class SSN.svg 2
685 Плавник (Plavnik, fin) Mike Mike class SSN.svg 1Record submergence depth of 1,020 metres (3,350 feet)

Fourth generation

ProjectNATO reporting nameSilhouette/ImageBuiltAssignment
Project 971 Щука-Б (Shchuka-B, Pike-B) Akula AkulaProjekt971U right.png 15
Project 885 Ясень (Yasen, ash) Severodvinsk Graney class SSN.svg 4Planned 12

Guided missile submarines

First generation

ProjectNATO reporting nameSilhouette/ImageBuiltAssignment
659 Echo I Echo I class SSGN.svg 5
675 Echo II Echo II class SSGN.svg 29

Second generation

ProjectNATO reporting nameSilhouette/ImageBuiltAssignment
661 Анчар (Anchar, upas) Papa Papa class SSGN.svg 1Fastest speed ever recorded for a submerged vehicle at 44.7 knots
667AT Груша (Grusha, pear) Yankee Notch Yankee Notch class SSGN.svg 4
667M Андромеда (Andromeda, the constellation) Yankee Sidecar Yankee Sidecar class SSGN.svg 1
670 Скат (Skat, ray) Charlie I Charlie I class SSGN.svg 11
670M Скат-М (Skat-M, ray) Charlie II Charlie II class SSGN.svg 6

Third generation

ProjectNATO reporting nameSilhouette/ImageBuiltAssignment
949 Гранит (Granit, granite) Oscar I Oscar I class SSGN.svg 2
949A Антей (Antey, Antaeus) Oscar II Oscar II class SSGN.svg 11

Fourth generation

ProjectNATO reporting nameSilhouette/ImageBuiltAssignment
885 Ясень (Yasen, ash) Severodvinsk Graney class SSN.svg 4Planned 12

Ballistic missile submarines

First generation

ProjectNATO reporting nameSilhouette/ImageBuiltAssignment
658, 701 Hotel Hotel II class SSBN.svg 8

Second generation

ProjectNATO reporting nameSilhouette/ImageBuiltAssignment
667A Навага, 667AU Налим (Navaga; Nalim, burbot) Yankee I Yankee class SSBN.svg 34
667AM Навага-М (Navaga-M) Yankee II Yankee II class SSBN.svg 1
667B Мурена (Murena, eel) Delta I Delta I class SSBN.svg 18
667BD Мурена-М (Murena-M, eel) Delta II Delta II class SSBN.svg 4
667BDR Кальмар (Kal'mar, squid) Delta III Delta III class SSBN.svg 14
667BDRM Дельфин (Del'fin, dolphin) Delta IV Delta IV class SSBN.svg 7

Third generation

ProjectNATO reporting nameSilhouette/ImageBuiltAssignment
941 Акула; (Akula, shark) Typhoon Typhoon class SSBN.svg 6

Fourth generation

ProjectNATO reporting nameSilhouette/ImageBuiltAssignment
955 Борей; (Borei, Boreas) Dolgorukiy Borey class SSBN.svg 3
955А Борей; (Borei, Boreas) Dolgorukiy Borey-A class SSBN.svg 4

Auxiliary submarines

ProjectNATO reporting nameSilhouette/ImageBuiltAssignment
1910 Кашалот (Kashalot, cachalot) Uniform Uniform pr1910 color.svg 2
09774 Аксон (Akson) Yankee Pod Yankee Pod class SSN.svg 1
09774 Yankee Stretch Yankee-Stretch class SSN.svg 1
09780 Аксон-2 (Akson-2) Yankee Big Nose Yankee Big Nose class SSN.svg 1
20120 Сарган (Sargan or Sarov) Sarov Sarov class SS.svg 1

See also

Footnotes

  1. Showell, p. 22, 23, 29