History of diplomatic relations
Diplomatic relations between the regions that now constitute Romania and the Russian Federation date back to the medieval period. The Tsardom of Russia offered support for the Danubian Principalities during their struggle for independence from the Ottoman Empire. Moldavian ruler Stephen the Great concluded a military-political alliance with Russia in the fifteenth century, sealed by the marriage of his daughter Elena to Ivan the Young, the son and heir of Ivan III. Wallachian ruler Michael the Brave also advocated an alliance with Russia towards the end of the sixteenth century. [3] Relations continued to be strengthed after the establishment of the Russian Empire, with the 1711 Treaty of Lutsk between Peter the Great and Moldovan leader Dimitrie Cantemir; and the establishment of permanent diplomatic relations between Wallachia and Russia during the 1688-1714 reign of Constantin Brâncoveanu. [3]
In the nineteenth century, following the 1828-1829 Russo-Turkish War, Russia established a protectorate over the Danube principalities, with Count Pavel Kiselyov serving as plenipotentiary representative of the councils of Moldova and Wallachia between 1829 and 1834. Kiselyov oversaw various reforms to public administration, and the adoption of the Regulamentul Organic . [3] Following the 1877–1878 Russo-Turkish War, which included the Romanian War of Independence and the defeat and expulsion of the Ottoman Empire, Russia recognised Romanian independence, and on 15 October 1878, Baron Dmitry Stuart [ ru ] presented his credentials to the Romanian prince, and later king, Carol I. [3] 15 October 1878 is now considered the official date for the establishment of Russian-Romanian diplomatic relations. [3]
Diplomatic relations continued into the twentieth century, interrupted by the October Revolution in 1917. The Soviet Union and Romania maintained a bilateral dialogue, with Maxim Litvinov of the Soviet Union and Nicolae Titulescu of Romania co-operating on the signing of the 1933 London Convention on the Definition of Aggression. [3] This was followed with the re-establishment of diplomatic relations on 9 June 1934. [3] [4] Relations were once more suspended on 22 June 1941 after the Axis invasion of the Soviet Union, and remained so during most of the Second World War. [4] They were re-established on 6 August 1945, after the defeat of the Axis powers, and between 20 and 24 August the mission was upgraded to the level of an embassy. [3] [5] During the Cold War Romania was a member of the Warsaw Pact, and with the dissolution of the Soviet Union at the end of 1991, the Russian Federation emerged as the Soviet Union's legal successor. The incumbent ambassador of the Soviet Union to Romania, Feliks Bogdanov [ ru ], continued as representative of Russia until 1992. [5]
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