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Amputation is the removal of a limb by trauma, medical illness, or surgery. As a surgical measure, it is used to control pain or a disease process in the affected limb, such as malignancy or gangrene. In some cases, it is carried out on individuals as a preventive surgery for such problems. A special case is that of congenital amputation, a congenital disorder, where fetal limbs have been cut off by constrictive bands. In some countries, judicial amputation is currently used to punish people who commit crimes. Amputation has also been used as a tactic in war and acts of terrorism; it may also occur as a war injury. In some cultures and religions, minor amputations or mutilations are considered a ritual accomplishment. When done by a person, the person executing the amputation is an amputator. The oldest evidence of this practice comes from a skeleton found buried in Liang Tebo cave, East Kalimantan, Indonesian Borneo dating back to at least 31,000 years ago, where it was done when the amputee was a young child.
Human cannibalism is the act or practice of humans eating the flesh or internal organs of other human beings. A person who practices cannibalism is called a cannibal. The meaning of "cannibalism" has been extended into zoology to describe animals consuming parts of individuals of the same species as food.
Hamilton Howard "Albert" Fish was an American serial killer, rapist, child molester and cannibal who committed at least three child murders between July 1924 and June 1928. He was also known as the Gray Man, the Werewolf of Wysteria, the Brooklyn Vampire, the Moon Maniac, and the Boogey Man. Fish was a suspect in at least ten murders during his lifetime, although he only confessed to three murders that police were able to trace to a known homicide. He also confessed to stabbing at least two other people.
Ravenous is a 1999 horror comedy Western cannibal film starring Guy Pearce, Robert Carlyle, Jeffrey Jones and David Arquette. The film, which is set in 1840s California, was directed by Antonia Bird and filmed in Europe. It was not a box office success and failed to recoup much of its $12 million budget. However, despite initial reception being mixed when released, it has since garnered a reputation as a cult film.
Self-cannibalism is the practice of eating parts of one's own body, also called autocannibalism or autosarcophagy. Generally, only the consumption of flesh by an individual of the same species is considered cannibalism. In line with this usage, self-cannibalism means the consumption of flesh from one's own body. While some texts use this strict definition, others use the term autocannibalism in a wider sense that includes the consumption of hair or nails from one's own body.
Antron Singleton, better known by his stage name Big Lurch, is an American rapper, poet and convicted murderer. He is serving a life sentence for murdering 21-year-old roommate Tynisha Ysais and eating parts of her body in April 2002. He was a member of the group Cosmic Slop Shop.
Child cannibalism or fetal cannibalism is the act of eating a child or fetus. Children who are eaten or at risk of being eaten are a recurrent topic in myths, legends, and folktales from many parts of the world. False accusations of the murder and consumption of children were made repeatedly against minorities and groups considered suspicious, especially against Jews as part of blood libel accusations.
Cannibalism, the act of eating human flesh, is a recurring theme in popular culture, especially within the horror genre, and has been featured in a range of media that includes film, television, literature, music and video games. Cannibalism has been featured in various forms of media as far back as Greek mythology. The frequency of this theme has led to cannibal films becoming a notable subgenre of horror films. The subject has been portrayed in various different ways and is occasionally normalized. The act may also be used in media as a means of survival, an accidental misfortune, or an accompaniment to murder. Examples of prominent artists who have worked with the topic of cannibalism include William Shakespeare, Voltaire, Bret Easton Ellis, and Herschell Gordon Lewis.
Cannibalism in the Americas has been practiced in many places throughout much of the history of North America and South America. The modern term "cannibal" is derived from the name of the Island Caribs (Kalinago), who were encountered by Christopher Columbus in The Bahamas. Numerous cultures in the Americas were reported by European explorers and colonizers to have engaged in cannibalism. However, these claims may be unreliable since the Spanish Empire used them to justify conquest.
Armin Meiwes is a German former computer repair technician who received international attention for murdering and eating a voluntary victim in 2001, whom he had found via the Internet.
Cannibal is a 2006 German direct-to-video exploitation horror film written, directed and produced by Marian Dora in his feature film debut. The film centers on a mentally disturbed individual simply known as "The Man", who has cannibalistic fantasies. He makes a deal with a suicidal man known as "The Flesh" who agrees to let The Man eat him.
Acts of cannibalism in Africa have been reported from various parts of the continent, ranging from prehistoric times until the 21st century. The oldest firm evidence of archaic humans consuming each other dates to 1.45 million years ago in Kenya. Archaeological evidence for human cannibalism exists later among anatomically modern humans, but its frequency remains unknown. Later in East Africa, the Ugandan dictator Idi Amin was reputed to practise cannibalism, and acts of voluntary and forced cannibalism have been reported from the South Sudanese Civil War. While the oldest known written mention of cannibalism is from the tomb of the Egyptian king Unas, later evidence from Egypt shows it to only re-appear during occasional episodes of severe famine.
Richard Hore was an English explorer who conducted an early voyage to the coast of what is now Newfoundland, where his passengers allegedly engaged in cannibalism in order to survive. His travels are attested in the writings of Richard Hakluyt, who documented the ill-fated expedition. Apart from his famous journey and its immediate aftermath, little is known about the life of Richard Hore.
The Guangxi Massacre, or the Guangxi Cultural Revolution Massacre, was a series of events involving lynching and direct massacre in Guangxi during the Cultural Revolution (1966–1976). The official record shows an estimated death toll of 100,000 to 150,000. Methods of murder included beheading, beating, live burial, stoning, drowning, boiling, and disembowelling.
Medical or medicinal cannibalism is the consumption of parts of the human body, dead or alive, to treat or prevent diseases. The medical trade and pharmacological use of human body parts and fluids often arose from the belief that because the human body is able to heal itself, it can also help heal another human body. Much of medical cannibalism applied the principles of sympathetic magic, for example that powdered blood helps bleeding, human fat helps bruising, and powdered skulls help with migraines or dizziness. Medical cannibalism has been documented especially for Europe and China.
Tender is the Flesh is a dystopian novel by Argentinean author Agustina Bazterrica. The novel was originally published in Spanish in 2017 and translated by Sarah Moses into English in 2020. Tender is the Flesh portrays a society in which a virus has contaminated all animal meat. Because of the lack of animal flesh, cannibalism becomes legal. Marcos, a human meat supplier, is conflicted by this new society, and tortured by his own personal losses.
Representation of cannibals exists adjacent to the representation of any culture associated with alterity, political discourse, or blasphemous rhetoric. Homer's Odyssey, Beowulf, Shakespeare's Titus Andronicus, Flaubert's Salammbo, Conrad's Heart of Darkness, and Melville's Moby Dick each feature a type of cannibalistic representation that is larger than the ambiguity of cultural versus survival cannibalism.
Acts of cannibalism in Europe seem to have been relatively prevalent in prehistory but also occurred repeatedly in later times, often motivated by hunger, hatred, or medical concerns. Both anatomically modern humans and Neanderthals practised cannibalism to some extent in the Pleistocene, and Neanderthals may have been eaten by modern humans as the latter spread into Europe. Amongst humans in prehistoric Europe, archaeologists have uncovered many clear and indisputable sites of cannibalism, as well as numerous other finds of which cannibalism is a plausible interpretation.
Acts of cannibalism in Asia have been reported from various parts of the continent, ranging from ancient times to the 21st century. Human cannibalism is particularly well documented for China and for islands that today belong to Indonesia.
References
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- ↑ Espy, John C.: Eat the Evidence: A Journey Through the Dark Boroughs of a Paedophilic Cannibal's Mind. Karnac Books, 2014 ISBN 978-1782200338
- ↑ Vulliamy, Ed (25 November 2001). "Orchestral manoeuvres (part one)". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 27 July 2007.
- ↑ Cobbey, Nan; Currie, Nicola (6 August 1998). "Church challenged to new strides for human rights". The Lambeth Daily. Retrieved 4 May 2023.
- ↑ Chin, Pat (6 April 1996). "Behind the Rockwood case". Workers World. Retrieved 18 July 2023.
- ↑ Monasterio, Erik; Prince, Craig (2011). "Self-Cannibalism in the Absence of Psychosis and Substance Use". Australasian Psychiatry. 19 (2): 170–172. doi:10.3109/10398562.2010.526219. PMID 21443396. S2CID 34814664.
- ↑ Johnston, Martin (15 April 2011). "Depressed man cooks and eats his finger". New Zealand Herald. ISSN 1170-0777 . Retrieved 3 October 2020.
- ↑ Yilmaz, Atakan; Uyanik, Emrah; Balci Şengül, Melike C.; Yaylaci, Serpil; Karcioglu, Ozgur; Serinken, Mustafa (September 2014). "Self-Cannibalism: The Man Who Eats Himself". Western Journal of Emergency Medicine. 15 (6): 701–702. doi:10.5811/westjem.2014.6.22705. ISSN 1936-900X. PMC 4162732 . PMID 25247046.
- ↑ Michopoulos, Ioannis; Gournellis, Rossetos; Papadopoulou, Marianna; Plachouras, Diamandis; Vlahakos, Dimitris V.; Tournikioti, Kalliopi; Tsigkaropoulou, Eudoksia; Lykouras, Lefteris (February 2012). "A case of autophagia: a man who was mutilating his fingers by biting them". The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 200 (2): 183–185. doi:10.1097/NMD.0b013e318243989b. ISSN 1539-736X. PMID 22297319.
- ↑ McCormack, Simon (14 February 2013). "Andre Thomas, death row inmate, faces execution despite history of mental health issues". Huffington Post. Archived from the original on 17 February 2013. Retrieved 17 February 2013.
- ↑ "Conheça 10 histórias perturbadoras de canibalismo humano". R7 (in Brazilian Portuguese). 31 January 2016. Retrieved 19 July 2023.
- ↑ Ni Bhraonain, Eimear (19 February 2011). "Man forced to eat his own ear 'just glad to be alive'". Irish Independent . Retrieved 21 July 2023.
- ↑ Zeitlinger, Ron (22 October 2012). "Man believed to be on PCP gnaws finger after naked carjack try, authorities say". nj.com. Retrieved 21 July 2023.
- ↑ "r/IAmA - Hi all, I am a man who ate a portion of his own amputated leg. Ask me anything". Reddit. 7 June 2018. Retrieved 24 November 2018.
- ↑ "This Guy Served His Friends Tacos Made from His Own Amputated Leg". Vice. 12 June 2018. Retrieved 24 November 2018.
- ↑ Kinsey, Joe (9 May 2023). "Instagram Model Paula Gonu Makes Spaghetti Bolognese out of Her Knee Cartilage". OutKick. Retrieved 21 May 2023.
- ↑ "Russia lauding torture was unthinkable – now it is proud to do so". The Guardian. 25 March 2024. Retrieved 6 August 2024.