List of heists in the United Kingdom

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The Buccleuch Madonna, attributed to Leonardo da Vinci and another artist, was stolen from Drumlanrig Castle in 2003 and recovered in 2007. Leonardo da Vinci, Madonna of the Yarnwinder, Buccleuch version.jpg
The Buccleuch Madonna , attributed to Leonardo da Vinci and another artist, was stolen from Drumlanrig Castle in 2003 and recovered in 2007.

A heist is a theft of cash or valuable objects such as artworks, jewellery or bullion. This can take the form of either a burglary or a robbery, the difference in English and Welsh law being that a robbery uses force (which means that some of the heists commonly known as robberies were actually burglaries). [2] [3] In order to be listed here, each heist which took place in the United Kingdom is required to have taken a total sum of £1 million or more in cash or goods at contemporary rates. The largest heist was £291.9 million (equivalent to £840 million in 2023) [4] taken in the City bonds robbery, although Charles Darwin's notebooks (announced as having been most likely stolen in 2020) were never valued. The largest cash robbery was the Securitas depot robbery.

Contents

The heists vary in location and form. Railway trains were plundered in the Great Gold Robbery and the Great Train Robbery and in 1935 there was a robbery at the Croydon Aerodrome. Exhibition spaces such as the Ashmolean Museum, the Christ Church Picture Gallery, the Harley Gallery, the National Gallery and the Whitworth Art Gallery, and stately homes such as Blenheim Palace, Drumlanrig Castle, Ramsbury Manor and Waddesdon Manor have suffered losses. Graff jewellery shops in London have been attacked several times, alongside other shops in Bond Street and Hatton Garden. Banks, secure warehouses and vaults were targeted in the cases of the Brink's-Mat robbery, the Hatton Garden safe deposit burglary, the Knightsbridge Security Deposit robbery and the Northern Bank Robbery. Regarding artworks, the Portrait of Jacob de Gheyn III by Rembrandt has been stolen a total of four times. Other paintings subject to theft include works by Cézanne, Goya and Henry Moore. The perpetrators range from individuals such as Kempton Bunton to syndicates like the Pink Panthers.

Overview

The largest UK heist on record in terms of the amount stolen was the 1990 City bonds robbery, when a courier carrying 301 bearer bonds worth £291.9 million (equivalent to £840 million in 2023) [4] was robbed on a small City of London street. All but two of the certificates were subsequently recovered, with the heist revealing the global nature of organised crime networks and directly leading to two murders. [5] [6]

The tunnel dug in preparation for the Baker Street robbery Baker Street burglary tunnel.svg
The tunnel dug in preparation for the Baker Street robbery

The Baker Street robbery was an audacious heist in 1971 which netted the criminals an estimated £3 million (equivalent to £54 million in 2023). They tunnelled into a vault below a Lloyds Bank branch from a shop two doors down the road. It was organised by a syndicate of five people and whilst there were three arrests, only one of the ringleaders was caught. [7] The Hatton Garden safe deposit burglary of April 2015 shared some similarities with the Baker Street robbery. [7] Five members of the gang were quickly arrested, yet a sixth man known only as "Basil" remained free. He was caught in 2018, when the police raided his flat and found gold and jewellery worth £143,000. [8] The same vault had been robbed of an estimated £1.5 million by a lone thief in 2003. [9]

It later transpired that Brian Reader was the mastermind of both the Baker Street and the 2015 Hatton Garden heists. He was 76 at the time of the latter. [7] Reader had also been involved in processing the gold bullion stolen in the Brink's-Mat robbery of 1983, for which he served eight years in prison. [10] Terry Perkins was another member of the gang and had previously been convicted for his part in the 1983 Security Express robbery, being sentenced to 22 years. He absconded from HM Prison Spring Hill and was on the run for 17 years before being caught again following the Hatton Garden burglary. [11] Perkins died in HM Prison Belmarsh in 2018, aged 69. [12] Perkins and Danny Jones (also convicted for the Hatton Garden robbery) were both linked to a previous heist at the Chatila jewellers in Old Bond Street, in 2010. [13] The network of criminals termed the Pink Panthers has been linked to several robberies of the Graff jewellery shops in London. [14] The Johnson Gang robbed many stately homes, including Ramsbury Manor, then the home of Harry Hyams, where they plundered goods worth approximately £30 million and Waddesdon Manor, from where they took snuffboxes worth £5 million. [15]

Another large heist was the Knightsbridge Security Deposit robbery in 1986, which took at least £40 million (equivalent to £148 million in 2023). An Italian man later received a 22-year prison sentence for planning the venture with the help of an insider. [16] The gang which carried out the Securitas depot robbery in 2006 first impersonated police officers in order to take the manager and his family hostage, then stole £53 million (equivalent to £97 million in 2023). They were forced to leave another £153 million behind for lack of space in the getaway vehicle. Five men were later convicted for the crime and given minimum jail sentences of between ten and fifteen years. [16] This was the UK's largest cash robbery. [17]

Northern Ireland's biggest heist took place in 2004. During the Northern Bank robbery in Belfast, two employees and their families were taken hostage on Sunday 19 December and the following evening a van drove away with £26.5 million in assorted bank notes. Bertie Ahern (the Irish Taoiseach) and Tony Blair (the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom) jointly accused the Provisional Irish Republican Army of planning it but nobody has ever been held directly responsible. [18] [19] Likewise, no-one responsible for the 1952 Eastcastle Street robbery was ever apprehended, although gangster Billy Hill confessed he had organised it in his memoirs. [20]

Dulwich Picture Gallery Dulwich Picture Gallery, main entrance.JPG
Dulwich Picture Gallery

Regarding artworks, the Portrait of Jacob de Gheyn III by Rembrandt is held by Dulwich Picture Gallery and has been stolen a total of four times. [21] [22] The small painting, which is 12 by 10 inches (30 by 25 cm), was first stolen from the museum in 1967 along with 13 other works; they were all found within a week. It was next taken in 1973 by a thief who jumped on a bicycle to make his getaway and was caught within minutes. In 1981, three men took the painting and it was later retrieved from a taxi. The last theft occurred in 1983, when thieves broke into the gallery using ladders; the painting was discovered three years later at a railway station in Münster, Germany. [23]

The Portrait of the Duke of Wellington by Goya was stolen in 1961 from the National Gallery in London. Four years later, Kempton Bunton returned the painting and later gave himself up to the police, although it was revealed long after his death that it was actually his son who had taken the artwork. [24] Other stolen artworks include Cézanne's View of Auvers-sur-Oise (not recovered) and Gainsborough's Portrait of Georgiana, Duchess of Devonshire (recovered). [25] [26] The artist cast of the sculpture Reclining Figure 1969–70 by Henry Moore was stolen in 2005 and it is most likely to have been sold as scrap metal. [27] America was a golden toilet made as an artwork by Maurizio Cattelan. [28] When it was stolen in 2019, it had been plumbed in to the water mains at Blenheim Palace, where it was being exhibited. Cattelan said the thieves were "great performers". [28]

Heists

America was a golden toilet made by Maurizio Cattelan which was stolen from Blenheim Palace in 2019. Gold-colored toilet.jpg
America was a golden toilet made by Maurizio Cattelan which was stolen from Blenheim Palace in 2019.
A Soldier on Horseback by Anthony van Dyck was one of three paintings stolen in 2020 from Christ Church college in Oxford. Van Dyck - A Soldier on Horseback, c.1616.jpg
A Soldier on Horseback by Anthony van Dyck was one of three paintings stolen in 2020 from Christ Church college in Oxford.
The Portrait of Georgiana, Duchess of Devonshire by Gainsborough was stolen in 1876 by Adam Worth and recovered in 1901. Thomas Gainsborough Lady Georgiana Cavendish.jpg
The Portrait of Georgiana, Duchess of Devonshire by Gainsborough was stolen in 1876 by Adam Worth and recovered in 1901.
The Portrait of Jacob de Gheyn III by Rembrandt has been stolen four times Rembrandt Harmensz van Rijn - Jacob III de Gheyn - Google Art Project.jpg
The Portrait of Jacob de Gheyn III by Rembrandt has been stolen four times
The Portrait of the Duke of Wellington by Goya, stolen in 1961 and recovered in 1965. Francisco Goya - Portrait of the Duke of Wellington.jpg
The Portrait of the Duke of Wellington by Goya, stolen in 1961 and recovered in 1965.
List of heists in the United Kingdom
YearNameLocationOriginal
value		Contemporary
value [lower-alpha 1]
1855 Great Gold Robbery Between London and Folkestone£0.012 million (£12,000) [30] £1.42 million
1876Theft of the Portrait of Georgiana, Duchess of Devonshire Thomas Agnew & Sons, Mayfair, London£0.01 million (£10,605) [26] £1.26 million
1881Hatton Garden Post Office robbery Hatton Garden, London£0.08 million (£80,000) [31] £10.2 million
1907Theft of the Irish Crown Jewels, regalia of the Order of St Patrick and other jewels Dublin Castle, Dublin [lower-alpha 2] £0.033 million (£32,550) [32] [33] [34] [35] £4.3 million
1913 Great Pearl Robbery Hatton Garden, London£0.15 million (£150,000) [36] £18.6 million
1935 Croydon Aerodrome robbery Croydon Airport, Surrey£0.021 million (£21,000) [37] £1.84 million
1952 Eastcastle Street robbery Eastcastle Street, London£0.287 million (£287,000) [20] £10.4 million
1954 KLM bullion heist Holborn, London£0.04 million (£40,500) [38] £1.6 million
1961Theft of the Portrait of the Duke of Wellington National Gallery, London£0.14 million (£140,000) [24] £3.94 million
1963 Great Train Robbery Mentmore, Buckinghamshire£2.6 million [16] £68.8 million
1967, 1973,
1981, 1983		Theft of the Portrait of Jacob de Gheyn III Dulwich Picture Gallery, London£6.2 million
valuation in 2011 [39] 		£9.5 million
1970 Barclays Bank robbery, Ilford Ilford, London£0.237 million (£237,000) [40] £4.6 million
1971 Baker Street robbery Baker Street, London£3 million [41] £53.6 million
1972 Barclays Bank robbery, Wembley Wembley, London£0.138 million (£138,000) [40] £2.3 million
1975 Bank of America robbery, Mayfair Mayfair, London£8 million [42] £84.8 million
1980A13 bullion heist A13, east London£3.4 million [7] £18.4 million
1980 Marlborough diamond robbery Sloane Street, London£1.5 million [43] £8.1 million
1983 Brink's-Mat robbery Heathrow International Trading Estate, Heathrow Airport, London£26 million [16] £110.8 million
1983Security Express heist Shoreditch, London£6 million [2] £25.6 million
1987 Knightsbridge Security Deposit robbery Knightsbridge, London£40 million [16] £148 million
1988–1992 Loughton incinerator thefts Loughton, Essex£0.6 million [44] £1.6 million
1990 City bonds robbery Nicholas Lane, City of London£291.9 million [5] £838 million
1993 Graff workshop robbery Hatton Garden workshop, London£7 million [45] £18 million
1995 Midland Bank Clearing Centre heist Salford, Manchester£6.6 million [2] £16 million
2000Theft of View of Auvers-sur-Oise Ashmolean Museum, Oxford£3 million [25] £6.4 million
2000–2001Theft of Charles Darwin's notebooks Cambridge University Library "£ millions" [46] "£ millions" [46]
2003Hatton Garden safe deposit theft Hatton Garden, London£1.5 million [9] £3 million
2003 Graff robbery 2003 New Bond Street, London£23 million [14] £45.9 million
2003Theft of Buccleuch Madonna Drumlanrig Castle, Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland£25 million [1] £49.9 million
2003 Waddesdon Manor heist Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire£5 million [15] £10 million
2003 Whitworth Art Gallery heistManchester£4 million [47] £8 million
2004 Gallaher Group cigarette robberyBelfast£2 million [48] £3.9 million
2004 Northern Bank robbery Belfast£26.5 million [49] £51.4 million
2005 Graff robbery 2005 Sloane Street, London£2 million [14] £3.8 million
2005Theft of Reclining Figure 1969–70 Perry Green, Hertfordshire £3 million [27] £5.7 million
2006 Ramsbury Manor heist Ramsbury, Wiltshire£30 million [15] £54.8 million
2006 Securitas depot robbery Tonbridge, Kent£53 million [50] £96.9 million
2007 Graff robbery 2007 Sloane Street, London£10 million [14] £17.5 million
2009 Graff Diamonds robbery New Bond Street, London£40 million [16] £67.8 million
2010Chatila heist Old Bond Street, London£1 million [13] £1.6 million
2012 Fitzwilliam Museum burglary Trumpington Street, Cambridge£57 million [51] £85 million
2015 Hatton Garden safe deposit burglary Hatton Garden, London£14 million [2] £19.6 million
2017 Feltham book heist Feltham, London£2.5 million [52] £3.3 million
2018Theft of the Portland Tiara Harley Gallery, Nottinghamshire£3.75 million [53] £4.8 million
2019Theft of America Blenheim Palace, Woodstock, Oxfordshire£4.6 million [54] £5.8 million
2019Le Vian diamond robbery Staines-upon-Thames, Surrey£4.1 million [55] £5.1 million
2020 Tamara Ecclestone jewellery theft Kensington, London£26 million [56] £32.1 million
2020 Christ Church Picture Gallery heist Christ Church, Oxford £10 million [29] £12.4 million

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Contemporary values for heists up to 2020 are calculated using an inflation template. [4]
  2. ↑ Then in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hatton Garden</span> Street and area in Holborn, London

Hatton Garden is a street and commercial zone in the Holborn district of the London Borough of Camden, abutting the narrow precinct of Saffron Hill which then abuts the City of London. It takes its name from Sir Christopher Hatton, a favourite of Queen Elizabeth I, who established a mansion here and gained possession of the garden and orchard of Ely Place, the London seat of the Bishops of Ely. It remained in the Hatton family and was built up as a stylish residential development in the reign of King Charles II. For some decades it often went, outside of the main street, by an alternative name St Alban's Holborn, after the local church built in 1861.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Art theft</span> Stealing of paintings or sculptures from museums

Art theft, sometimes called artnapping, is the stealing of paintings, sculptures, or other forms of visual art from galleries, museums or other public and private locations. Stolen art is often resold or used by criminals as collateral to secure loans. Only a small percentage of stolen art is recovered—an estimated 10%. Many nations operate police squads to investigate art theft and illegal trade in stolen art and antiquities.

The Brink's-Mat robbery was one of the largest robberies in British history, with £26 million worth of gold bullion, diamonds, and cash stolen. It occurred at the Heathrow International Trading Estate, London, on 26 November 1983, from a warehouse operated by Brink's-Mat, a former joint venture between US security company Brink's and London-based company MAT Transport. The bullion was the property of Johnson Matthey Bankers Ltd. Micky McAvoy and Brian Robinson were convicted of armed robbery. Most of the gold has never been recovered. Lloyd's of London paid out for the losses, and several shooting deaths have been linked to the case.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Northern Bank robbery</span> Large bank robbery in Belfast, Northern Ireland

On 20 December 2004, a total of £26.5 million in cash was stolen from the headquarters of Northern Bank on Donegall Square West in Belfast, Northern Ireland. Having taken family members of two bank officials hostage, an armed gang forced the workers to help them steal used and unused pound sterling banknotes. The money was loaded into a van and driven away in two trips. This was one of the largest bank robberies in the history of the United Kingdom.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Securitas depot robbery</span> 2006 heist in Tonbridge, England

The 2006 Securitas depot robbery in Tonbridge, England, was the UK's largest cash heist. It began with a kidnapping on the evening of 21 February 2006 and ended in the early hours of 22 February, when seven criminals stole almost £53 million. The gang left behind another £154 million because they did not have the means to transport it.

The Pink Panthers are an international jewel thief network responsible for a number of robberies and thefts described as some of the most audacious in the history of organized crime. The organization has roughly 800 core members, many of whom are ex-soldiers with extensive military and paramilitary backgrounds. Both women and men play an equal part in the structure of the organization. The organization's membership mostly consists of Serbian and Montenegrin citizens, who are believed to be Bosnian War veterans making use of their military experience for criminal activity. The organization was named by Interpol after The Pink Panther series of crime comedy films.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Baker Street robbery</span> 1971 burglary of a bank in London, England

The Baker Street robbery was the burglary of safety deposit boxes at the Baker Street branch of Lloyds Bank in London, on the night of 11 September 1971. A gang tunnelled 40 feet (12 m) from a rented shop two doors away to come up through the floor of the vault. The value of the property stolen is unknown, but is likely to have been between £1.25 million and £3 million; only £231,000 was recovered by the police.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2009 Graff Diamonds robbery</span>

The Graff Diamonds robbery took place on 6 August 2009 when two men posing as customers entered the premises of Graff Diamonds in New Bond Street, London and stole jewellery worth nearly £40 million. It was believed to be the largest ever gems heist in Britain at the time, and the second largest British robbery after the £53 million raid on a Securitas depot in Tonbridge, Kent, in 2006. The robbers' haul totalled 43 items of jewellery, consisting of rings, bracelets, necklaces and wristwatches. One necklace alone has been reported as being worth more than £3.5m. Britain's previous largest jewellery robbery also took place at Graff's, in 2003.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Brussels Airport diamond heist</span> 2013 diamond heist

On 18 February 2013, eight masked gunmen in two cars with police markings stole approximately €38,000,000 worth of diamonds from a Swiss-bound Fokker 100 operated by Helvetic Airways on the apron at Brussels Airport, Belgium, just before 20:00 CET. The heist was accomplished without a single shot being fired.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum theft</span> 1990 art theft in Boston

In the early morning hours of March 18, 1990, 13 works of art were stolen from the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum in Boston. Guards admitted two men posing as police officers responding to a disturbance call, and the thieves bound the guards and looted the museum over the next hour. The case is unsolved; no arrests have been made, and no works have been recovered. The stolen works have been valued at hundreds of millions of dollars by the FBI and art dealers. The museum offers a $10 million reward for information leading to the art's recovery, the largest bounty ever offered by a private institution.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hatton Garden safe deposit burglary</span> 2015 theft from an underground vault in Holborn, London

In April 2015, an underground safe deposit facility in Hatton Garden, London, owned by Hatton Garden Safe Deposit Ltd., was burgled.

Events from 2016 in England

<i>The Hatton Garden Job</i> 2017 British film

The Hatton Garden Job, also known as One Last Heist, is a 2017 British crime film. The film is a dramatization of real-life events in April 2015, when the Hatton Garden Safe Deposit Company, based underground in the Hatton Garden area of central London, was burgled by four elderly men, all experienced thieves. The film was directed by Ronnie Thompson and stars Larry Lamb, Matthew Goode, and Joely Richardson.

During the four-day Easter weekend of 1977 a burglary took place at the Standard Bank in Krugersdorp, South Africa. The criminals gained access to the bank vault by digging a tunnel underneath the building. Over R 400,000 was stolen in the robbery. To this day, the case remains unsolved and no arrests were made.

<i>King of Thieves</i> (2018 film) 2018 British film by James Marsh

King of Thieves is a 2018 British heist film directed by James Marsh. The film is based on the Hatton Garden safe deposit burglary of 2015, and stars Michael Caine, Tom Courtenay, Michael Gambon, Charlie Cox, Jim Broadbent, Paul Whitehouse and Ray Winstone.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Portland Tiara</span> Diamond encrusted gold and silver tiara made by Cartier

The Portland Tiara was a diamond-encrusted gold and silver tiara made by Cartier for Winifred, Duchess of Portland to wear at the coronation of Edward VII and Queen Alexandra in 1902. It was exhibited at the Harley Gallery and Foundation's Portland Collection from 2016 until it was stolen and broken up in November 2018. The tiara was estimated to be worth £3.75 million.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dresden Green Vault burglary</span> Burglary of jewellery

On 25 November 2019, royal jewellery was stolen from the Green Vault museum within Dresden Castle in Dresden, Saxony, Germany. The stolen items included the 49-carat Dresden White Diamond, the diamond-laden breast star of the Polish Order of the White Eagle which belonged to the King of Poland, a hat clasp with a 16-carat diamond, a diamond epaulette, and a diamond-studded hilt containing nine large and 770 smaller diamonds, along with a matching scabbard. The missing items were of great cultural value to the State of Saxony and were described as priceless; other sources estimate the total value at about €1 billion. However, in the years following the burglary, more accurate estimates place the total value of the stolen items at around €113 million.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nationalmuseum robbery</span> 2000 robbery from the Nationalmuseum in Stockholm, Sweden

The Nationalmuseum robbery was the robbery of three paintings worth a combined total of $30–45 million USD from the Nationalmuseum in Stockholm, Sweden, on 22 December 2000. The stolen paintings were a self-portrait by Rembrandt and two Renoir paintings, Conversation and Young Parisian. The paintings have been recovered.

George Henry "Taters" Chatham was a British thief and burglar. Born to a middle-class family, he aspired to become a professional footballer but despite a trial at Queen's Park Rangers, nothing came of it. Chatham turned to crime and was first convicted of theft in 1931. By the end of that decade he was burgling the houses of wealthy Londoners, carefully selecting his targets from society magazines. His calm-headedness led to his nickname from the Cockney rhyming slang for cold.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Brian Reader (criminal)</span> 20th-century British gangster (1939–2023)

Brian Henry Reader was a British gangster and villain, who has been described as "one of the busiest crooks in the British underworld", and a "ringleader" of the Hatton Garden safe deposit burglary in 2015.

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