As of 2025, East Kalimantan consists of 7 regencies (kabupaten) and 3 cities (kota). These are listed below with their areas and their populations at the 2010 Census[1] and 2020 Census,[2] together with the official estimates as at mid 2023.[3] The totals below have been adjusted to take account of the removal of North Kalimantan. Cities in this table are marked by grey background, while regencies are left unmarked.
As of July 2023, the new capital of Nusantara (tentatively designated Ibu Kota Nusantara or IKN) has not officially gazetted separate as a jurisdiction per Interior Ministry in practice, but is reported to cover 2,561 km2. including 682 km2 of sea; it includes a central likely government heavy area named KIPP with IKN, would occupy 66.7 km2 and 200,000 strong staffers and families from Jakarta.[5]
The province forms one of Indonesia's 84 national electoral districts to elect members to the People's Representative Council. The East Kalimantan Electoral District consists of the entire province (at-large), and elects 8 members to the People's Representative Council. For the present Parliament, this includes the area and population of the newly designated national capital of Nusantara.[6]
History
During its first years since its creation in 1956, East Kalimantan was composed of three regency-level special regions — Kutai, Berau and Bulungan — all of them were led by the respective sultans.[7] Later on 26 June 1959, Balikpapan and Samarinda were split from the outgoing Special Region of Kutai, while Pasir (later known as Paser) was split from Kotabaru Regency in South Kalimantan and transferred to East Kalimantan, therefore increasing its number to six. At the same time, special statuses of each regency were removed.[8]
On 24 April 1969, transfers of several districts occurred between Kutai, Samarinda and Balikpapan. Muara Jawa, Palaran, Sanga-Sanga Dalam, and parts of Samboja were given to Samarinda, while Penajam was given to Balikpapan.[9] On 21 October 1987, another administrative transfers occurred, of which Samarinda returned the aforementioned districts to Kutai (except Palaran, in exchange, the city received several villages from Anggana, Sanga-Sanga and Loa Janan), while Pasir received Penajam (then known as Balikpapan Seberang).[10]
On 12 December 1981, its first administrative city (kota administratif), Tarakan was formed, and at the same time, the former district of Tarakan was divided into two: East Tarakan and West Tarakan.[11] Less than eight years later, on 1 December 1989, the administrative city of Bontang was formed, but also with more complicated district splits. The former district of Bontang was split into three, Sangatta (now part of East Kutai), North Bontang, and South Bontang (the last two now part of contemporary Bontang), while three villages south of South Bontang were transferred to Muara Badak, now part of Marang Kayu.[12]
On 8 October 1997, a third city – Tarakan – was created from part of Bulungan Regency.[13] On 4 October 1999 a fourth city – Bontang – was created from part of Kutai Regency, while four new regencies were created – Malinau and Nunukan from parts of Bulungan, and East Kutai and West Kutai from the remaining parts of Kutai Regency.[14]
Two further regencies were set up – Penajam North Paser from northern parts of Pasir on 10 April 2002,[15] and Tana Tidung from northern parts of Bulungan on 17 July 2007.[16] In the similar timeline, Kutai was renamed to Kutai Kartanegara on 23 March 2002,[17] while Pasir was renamed to Paser on 22 August 2007.[18] By early 2012 therefore, East Kalimantan was divided into ten regencies and four cities.
On 22 October 2012, the Indonesian House of Representatives agreed to the creation of a new province out of the four most northerly of the Regencies in East Kalimantan, namely Bulungan, Malinau, Nunukan and Tana Tidung, together with one city, Tarakan. Accordingly, these were split off to form the new province of North Kalimantan on 25 October 2012.
The existing West Kutai Regency was then split into two on 11 January 2013, with the northern districts split off to form Mahakam Ulu, thus leaving the following seven regencies and three cities to comprise the reduced East Kalimantan.[19]
Proposals
In the early days of the Kutai Regency in 1960s, there was a proposal to split the regency into three: Pantai (lit. "littoral", capital: Samboja), Ulu Mahakam (not to be confused with present-day Mahakam Ulu, capital: Barong Tongkok), and Kutai with residual territory. However, in 24 April 1969, through a gubernatorial decree, the Kutai transferred several of its districts to Samarinda and Balikpapan, due to the fact that both cities were the capitals of East Kutai and South Kutai districts (kewedanaan).[9]
Since the separation of North Kalimantan from East Kalimantan, the following gallery includes the current proposals of new cities and regencies:
South Coast Berau Regency (Indonesian: Kabupaten Berau Pesisir Selatan) Proposed capital: Talisayan[20]
Central Kutai Regency (Indonesian: Kabupaten Kutai Tengah) Proposed capital: Kota Bangun[21]
Coastal Kutai Regency (Indonesian: Kabupaten Kutai Pesisir) Proposed capital: Anggana[22]
North Kutai Regency (Indonesian: Kabupaten Kutai Utara) Proposed capital: Muara Wahau[23]
Kutai Benua Raya Regency (Indonesian: Kabupaten Kutai Benua Raya)[24]
South Paser Regency (Indonesian: Kabupaten Paser Selatan) Proposed capital: Batu Sopang[25]
Central Paser Regency (Indonesian: Kabupaten Paser Tengah) Proposed capital: Kuaro[26]
↑ Law No. 7/2017 (UU No. 7 Tahun 2017) as amended by Government Regulation in Lieu of Law No. 1/2022 and Regulation of General Elections Commission No. 6/2023.
1 2 Soetoen, Anwar (1979). "Pertumbuhan Pemerintahan Daerah Kabupaten Kutai dan Beberapa Faktor yang Mempengaruhinya". Dari Swapraja ke Kabupaten Kutai. Proyek Penerbitan Buku Bacaan dan Sastra Indonesia dan Daerah. p.286–287.
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