List of royal and imperial elections in the Holy Roman Empire

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The following is a list of imperial elections in the Holy Roman Empire. Entries in italics are for elections where the claim of the man elected to be King of the Romans was disputed.

ElectionLocationMan electedRelationshipDynastyNotesElectorate held
911 Forchheim Conrad I Different dynasty Conradines First elected king
919 Fritzlar Henry Different dynasty Ottonian/Liudolfing Arnulf might have been an anti-king
936 Aachen Otto Son of predecessor Ottonian
961 Worms Otto II Son of predecessor Ottonian Co-king of his father until 961
983 Verona Otto III Son of predecessor Ottonian
1002 Mainz Henry II 2nd cousin of predecessor Ottonian
1024 Kamba, near Oppenheim Conrad II Different dynasty Salian
1028 Aachen Henry III Son of predecessorSalian
1051 Trebur Henry IV Son of predecessorSalian
1075 Goslar Conrad II Son of predecessorSalian King of the Romans
1077 Forchheim Rudolf of Rheinfelden Different dynastyRheinfelden Anti-king
1081 Ochsenfurt Hermann of Salm Different dynastySalmAnti-king
1106 Mainz Henry V Different dynasty (son of Henry IV)Salian
1125 Mainz Lothair III Different dynastySupplinburg
1127 Nuremberg Conrad III Different dynasty Hohenstaufen Anti-king of the Romans
1138 Koblenz Conrad III Same manHohenstaufenKing of the Romans
1147 Regensburg Henry (VI) Son of predecessorHohenstaufenKing of the Romans
1152 Frankfurt Frederick I Nephew of predecessorHohenstaufen
1169 Bamberg Henry VI Son of predecessorHohenstaufen
1196 Frankfurt Frederick II Son of predecessorHohenstaufenFather was still alive
March 1198 Mühlhausen Philip Uncle of predecessorHohenstaufenKing of the Romans
June 1198 Cologne Otto IV Different dynasty Welf
1208 Frankfurt Otto IV Different dynasty Welf
1211 Nuremberg Frederick II different dynastyHohenstaufenAnti-king until 1215
1220 Frankfurt Henry (VII) son of predecessorHohenstaufenKing of the Romans
1237 Vienna Conrad IV Half-brother of predecessorHohenstaufenKing of the Romans
1246 Henry Raspe Different dynasty Ludovingians Anti-king of the Romans
1247 William II of Holland Different dynastyHolland (Gerulfings)Anti-king of the Romans
1252 Brunswick William II of Holland Different dynastyHolland (Gerulfings)Anti-king of the Romans until 1254,
sole king thereafter
January 1257 Frankfurt Richard Different dynasty Plantagenet King of the RomansNone
April 1257 Alfonso X Different dynasty Ivrea /Burgundy ContenderNone
1273 Frankfurt Rudolf I Different dynasty Habsburg King of the RomansNone
1292 Frankfurt Adolf Different dynasty Nassau King of the RomansNone
1298 Albert I Different dynastyHabsburgKing of the RomansNone
1308 Frankfurt Henry VII Different dynasty Luxembourg None
19 October 1314 Sachsenhausen Frederick (III) Different dynastyHabsburgKing of the Romans
agreement in 1325
None
20 October 1314 Frankfurt Louis IV Different dynasty Wittelsbach agreement in 1325None
1346 Rhens Charles IV Different dynastyLuxembourgSon of the Elector of Bohemia
January 1349 Frankfurt Günther Different dynasty Schwarzburg Anti-kingNone
June 1349 Frankfurt Charles IV Different dynastyLuxembourgBohemia
1376 Frankfurt Wenceslaus IV Son of predecessorLuxembourgKing of the RomansBrandenburg (and son of the elector of Bohemia)
May 1400 Frankfurt Frederick I Different dynastyWelfUnclear if he was ever electedNone
August 1400 Rhens Rupert Different dynastyWittelsbachKing of the RomansPalatinate
September 1410 Sigismund Different dynastyLuxembourgNone (brother of the Elector of Bohemia) [a]
October 1410 Jobst of Moravia First cousin of predecessorLuxembourgKing of the RomansBrandenburg (and first cousin of the Elector of Bohemia)
1411 Sigismund First cousin of predecessorLuxembourgBrandenburg (and half-brother of the Elector of Bohemia)
1438 Frankfurt Albert II Son-in-law of predecessorHabsburgKing of the RomansBohemia (did not attend)
1440 Frankfurt Frederick III Second cousin of predecessorHabsburgNone
1486 Frankfurt Maximilian I Son of predecessorHabsburgNone
1519 Frankfurt Charles V Grandson of predecessorHabsburgNone (brother-in-law of the Elector of Bohemia)
1531 Cologne Ferdinand I Brother of predecessorHabsburgBohemia
1562 Frankfurt Maximilian II Son of predecessorHabsburgSon of the Elector of Bohemia
1575 Regensburg Rudolf II Son of predecessorHabsburgSon of the Elector of Bohemia
1612 Frankfurt Matthias Brother of predecessorHabsburgBohemia
1619 Frankfurt Ferdinand II First cousin of predecessorHabsburgNone (had been deposed as Elector of Bohemia)
1636 Regensburg Ferdinand III Son of predecessorHabsburgBohemia
1653 Augsburg Ferdinand IV Son of predecessorHabsburgKing of the RomansBohemia (abstained)
1658 Frankfurt Leopold I Brother of predecessorHabsburgBohemia (abstained)
1690 Augsburg Joseph I Son of predecessorHabsburgSon of the Elector of Bohemia (who abstained)
1711 Frankfurt Charles VI Brother of predecessorHabsburgBohemia
1742 Frankfurt Charles VII Different dynastyWittelsbachBavaria (brother of the Elector of Cologne and cousin of the Elector of Palatinate)
1745 Frankfurt Francis I Different dynasty (son-in-law of Charles VI)LorraineHusband of the Electress of Bohemia
1764 Frankfurt Joseph II Son of predecessorHabsburg-LorraineSon of the Electress of Bohemia
1790 Frankfurt Leopold II Brother of predecessorHabsburg-LorraineBohemia (brother of the Elector of Cologne)
1792 Frankfurt Francis II Son of predecessorHabsburg-LorraineBohemia (nephew of the Elector of Cologne)
  1. His cousin Jobst of Moravia claimed to be Elector of Brandenburg but Sigismund's Dienstmann Frederick voted instead.