A tunnel is an underground passageway, dug through surrounding soil, earth or rock, and enclosed except for the entrance and exit, commonly at each end. A pipeline is not a tunnel, though some recent tunnels have used immersed tube construction techniques rather than traditional tunnel boring methods.
Magerøya is a large island in Troms og Finnmark county, in the extreme northern part of Norway. The island lies along the Barents Sea in Nordkapp Municipality, just north of the Porsanger Peninsula. The mouth of Porsangerfjorden lies off the east coast of the island.
The Triangle Link is a fixed link with three branches connecting the islands of Stord and Bømlo to each other and the mainland at Sveio, Norway. It consists of the underwater Bømlafjord Tunnel from Sveio to the island of Føyno, the Stord Bridge from there to Stord, and a road including the Bømla Bridge and the Spissøy Bridge to Bømlo. The section from Sveio to Stord is part of European Route E39, while the branch to Bømlo is part of County Road 542.
North Cape Tunnel is one of the longest and the northernmost of the subsea road tunnels in Norway. It is located in Nordkapp Municipality in Troms og Finnmark county in the far northern part of Norway. The tunnel takes the European route E69 highway under the Magerøysundet strait between the Norwegian mainland and the large island of Magerøya. The tunnel was built between 1993 and 1999, along with the Honningsvåg Tunnel. The tunnels were built to connect the mainland of Norway with the town of Honningsvåg and the tourist attraction at the North Cape. The tunnel was officially opened on 15 June 1999 by King Harald V of Norway. The tunnel is 6.875 kilometres (4.272 mi) long and reaches a depth of 212 metres (696 ft) below sea level. Before the tunnel was built, a ferry carried the traffic across the sea between the village of Kåfjord and the town of Honningsvåg.
The Bømlafjord Tunnel is a subsea road tunnel under Bømlafjorden which connects the island of Føyno in Stord Municipality to the mainland at Dalshovda in Sveio Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. The tunnel is 7.82 kilometers (4.86 mi) long and reaches 260.4 m (854 ft) below mean sea level. It carries three lanes of European Road E39 and is part of the Triangle Link, a fixed link which connects Sunnhordland to Haugaland. Plans for the tunnel arose in the 1980s; construction started in 1997 and the tunnel opened on 27 December 2000. The tunnel was built using the drilling and blasting method, with two teams building from each end. The tunnel runs through an area composed mostly of gneiss, phyllite and greenstone. The tunnel was the longest subsea tunnel in Norway until the opening of Karmøytunnelen. It is still (2013) the deepest point on the E-road network. The tunnel was a toll road from the opening until 30 April 2013. In 2012 the tunnel had an average 4,084 vehicles per day.
Ryfast is a subsea tunnel system in Rogaland county, Norway. The tunnel system is part of the Norwegian National Road 13, and it runs between the city of Stavanger in Stavanger Municipality, under a large fjord, and the area of Solbakk in the municipality of Strand.
The North Sea Link is a 1,400 MW high-voltage direct current submarine power cable between Norway and the United Kingdom.
The Vardø Tunnel is a subsea road tunnel in Vardø Municipality in Troms og Finnmark county, Norway. The 2,890-metre (9,480 ft) long two-lane tunnel under the Bussesundet strait connects the island of Vardøya to the village of Svartnes on the Varanger Peninsula on the mainland. The tunnel is part of the European Route E75 highway and it reaches a depth of 88 metres (289 ft) below sea level. The tunnel opened in 1982 and was the first subsea tunnel in Norway. King Olav V officially opened the tunnel on 16 August 1983.
The Karmøy Tunnel was the longest subsea road tunnel in Norway until the opening of Ryfast in 2019, and is located in the municipalities of Karmøy and Tysvær in Rogaland county. At 8.9-kilometer (5.5 mi) long, it links the island of Karmøy with the European Route E39 highway on the mainland. The town of Kopervik lies just south of the western end of the tunnel.
The Langfjord Tunnel is a proposed subsea road tunnel which would cross Langfjorden between Molde and Rauma in Norway. It may also be built with a branch to the island of Sekken. As part of County Road 64, the tunnel would replace the Åfarnes–Sølsnes Ferry, and allow Romsdal ferry-free access to Eastern Norway, as well as connect Molde and Rauma. If the branch is built, it would replace the Molde–Sekken Ferry, giving the island a fixed link. The main tunnel would be between 10 and 11 kilometers long, which the branch would be slightly shorter than 5 kilometers (3.1 mi) long. The tunnel would reach 330 meters (1,080 ft) below mean sea level, making it the deepest subsea tunnel in the world. It would also be the longest subsea tunnel in Norway.
Qingdao Jiaozhou Bay Tunnel is an under-sea road tunnel located in Qingdao, Shandong Province in eastern China. It crosses underneath Jiaozhou Bay, connecting Huangdao District to the south with Shinan District in the north at the narrow entrance to the bay. It starts at Tuandao Road in the north and ends between Beizhuang village and Houchawan village on Xuejia Island in the south.
The Byfjord Tunnel is a subsea road tunnel in Rogaland county, Norway. The 5,875-metre-long (19,275 ft) tunnel runs between the village of Grødem on the mainland in Randaberg municipality and the island of Sokn in Stavanger municipality, running underneath the Byfjorden. The tunnel was built as part of the Rennesøy Fixed Link project which opened in 1992 with the goal of connecting all the islands of Rennesøy to the mainland. The tunnel was a toll road from 1992 until 2006. The tunnel is part of European route E39 highway. With a maximum 8% grade, the tunnel reaches a depth of 223 metres (732 ft) below sea level at its lowest point. The tunnel was Europe's longest and the world's deepest tunnel upon its completion, it was surpassed by a deeper tunnel in 1994 and a longer tunnel in 1999. The tunnel had an average daily traffic of 9,717 vehicles in 2018.
The Skatestraum Tunnel is a subsea road tunnel between the islands of Rugsundøya and Bremangerlandet in Bremanger Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. The tunnel was the first undersea road tunnel in Sogn og Fjordane county when it was built.
The Kvalsund Tunnel is a subsea road tunnel which links the islands of Kvaløya and Ringvassøya in Tromsø Municipality in Troms og Finnmark county, Norway. Located along Norwegian County Road 863, the tunnel runs under the Kvalsundet strait between the villages of Sørhelltaren and Nordhella. The 1,650-metre (5,410 ft) long tunnel was completed in 1988 and it reaches a depth of −56 metres (−184 ft) below sea level. The tunnel replaced a ferry connection between the islands.
The Flekkerøy Tunnel is a subsea road tunnel on the county road 457 in the municipality of Kristiansand in Agder county, Norway. It is the southernmost subsea tunnel in Norway. The tunnel runs under the strait between Kroodden on the mainland and the island of Flekkerøya. The tunnel is 2,321-metre (7,615 ft) long, it reaches a depth of 101 metres (331 ft) below sea level, and the maximum gradient is 10%. Construction started on the Flekkerøy tunnel on 1 August 1988. The breakthrough in the tunnel was on 6 March 1989 and the tunnel was opened on 15 August 1989. It replaced a ferry connection between Møvik in mainland Kristiansand and Lindebøkilen on the island of Flekkerøy.
The Ryfylke Tunnel is an undersea road tunnel in Rogaland county, Norway. It is part of the Norwegian National Road 13 running between Stavanger and Ryfylke (district) under the Horgefjord. The tunnel is part of the Ryfast project. It is 14.4 kilometres (8.9 mi) long and is currently the world's longest subsea road tunnel, and the deepest tunnel of any kind. Both records are expected to be surpassed by Rogfast, which is projected to open in 2033.
Svartis Tunnel is a road tunnel in Meløy, Nordland county, Norway. The tunnel is part of Norwegian County Road 17. It is 7,624 metres (8,338 yd) long, opened in 1986, and stretches between Kilvik and Fykanvatnet under part of the Svartisen glacier.