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Calcium pyrophosphate (Ca2P2O7) is a chemical compound, an insoluble calcium salt containing the pyrophosphate anion. There are a number of forms reported: an anhydrous form, a dihydrate, Ca2P2O7·2H2O and a tetrahydrate, Ca2P2O7·4H2O. Deposition of dihydrate crystals in cartilage are responsible for the severe joint pain in cases of calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease (pseudo gout) whose symptoms are similar to those of gout. Ca2P2O7 is commonly used as a mild abrasive agent in toothpastes, because of its insolubility and nonreactivity toward fluoride.
Mercury selenide is a chemical compound of mercury and selenium. It is a grey-black crystalline solid semi-metal with a sphalerite structure. The lattice constant is 0.608 nm.
Lutetium aluminum garnet (commonly abbreviated LuAG, molecular formula Lu3Al5O12) is an inorganic compound with a unique crystal structure primarily known for its use in high-efficiency laser devices. LuAG is also useful in the synthesis of transparent ceramics.
Isamu Akasaki was a Japanese engineer and physicist, specializing in the field of semiconductor technology and Nobel Prize laureate, best known for inventing the bright gallium nitride (GaN) p-n junction blue LED in 1989 and subsequently the high-brightness GaN blue LED as well.
Selective area epitaxy is the local growth of epitaxial layer through a patterned amorphous dielectric mask (typically SiO2 or Si3N4) deposited on a semiconductor substrate. Semiconductor growth conditions are selected to ensure epitaxial growth on the exposed substrate, but not on the dielectric mask. SAE can be executed in various epitaxial growth methods such as molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), metalorganic vapour phase epitaxy (MOVPE) and chemical beam epitaxy (CBE). By SAE, semiconductor nanostructures such as quantum dots and nanowires can be grown to their designed places.
Yttrium is a chemical element; it has symbol Y and atomic number 39. It is a silvery-metallic transition metal chemically similar to the lanthanides and has often been classified as a "rare-earth element". Yttrium is almost always found in combination with lanthanide elements in rare-earth minerals and is never found in nature as a free element. 89Y is the only stable isotope and the only isotope found in the Earth's crust.
Yttrium boride refers to a crystalline material composed of different proportions of yttrium and boron, such as YB2, YB4, YB6, YB12, YB25, YB50 and YB66. They are all gray-colored, hard solids having high melting temperatures. The most common form is the yttrium hexaboride YB6. It exhibits superconductivity at relatively high temperature of 8.4 K and, similar to LaB6, is an electron cathode. Another remarkable yttrium boride is YB66. It has a large lattice constant (2.344 nm), high thermal and mechanical stability, and therefore is used as a diffraction grating for low-energy synchrotron radiation (1–2 keV).
Tantalum borides are compounds of tantalum and boron most remarkable for their extreme hardness.
Tungsten borides are compounds of tungsten and boron. Their most remarkable property is high hardness. The Vickers hardness of WB or WB2 crystals is ~20 GPa and that of WB4 is ~30 GPa for loads exceeding 3 N.
Triglycine sulfate (TGS) is a chemical compound with a formula (NH2CH2COOH)3·H2SO4. The empirical formula of TGS does not represent the molecular structure, which contains protonated glycine moieties and sulfate ions. TGS with protons replaced by deuterium is called deuterated TGS or DTGS; alternatively, DTGS may refer to doped TGS. By doping the DTGS with the amino acid L-Alanine, the crystal properties are improved and the new material is called Deuterated L-Alanine doped Triglycine Sulfate (DLATGS or DLTGS). These crystals are pyroelectric and ferroelectric which allows their use as photodetector elements in infrared spectroscopy and night vision applications. TGS detectors have also been used as the target in vidicon cathode ray imager tubes.
Metals, and specifically rare-earth elements, form numerous chemical complexes with boron. Their crystal structure and chemical bonding depend strongly on the metal element M and on its atomic ratio to boron. When B/M ratio exceeds 12, boron atoms form B12 icosahedra which are linked into a three-dimensional boron framework, and the metal atoms reside in the voids of this framework. Those icosahedra are basic structural units of most allotropes of boron and boron-rich rare-earth borides. In such borides, metal atoms donate electrons to the boron polyhedra, and thus these compounds are regarded as electron-deficient solids.
Chromium(II) selenide is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula CrSe. It crystalizes in a hexagonal structure with space group P63/mmc. It is one of many related Chromium-Selenium phases, including Cr7Se8, Cr3Se4, Cr0.68Se, Cr2Se3, and Cr5Se8. The compound has been described as an antiferromagnet, but its inverse magnetic susceptibility does not match the behavior expected for an antiferromagnet according to the Curie–Weiss law. One suggestion was that the Néel temperature is at 320 K, as the temperature where the compound has maximum specific heat. When synthesized as single atomic layer, CrSe is ferromagnetic, with a Curie Temperature of around 280 K.
Chromium(III) boride, also known as chromium monoboride (CrB), is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula CrB. It is one of the six stable binary borides of chromium, which also include Cr2B, Cr5B3, Cr3B4, CrB2, and CrB4. Like many other transition metal borides, it is extremely hard (21-23 GPa), has high strength (690 MPa bending strength), conducts heat and electricity as well as many metallic alloys, and has a high melting point (~2100 °C). Unlike pure chromium, CrB is known to be a paramagnetic, with a magnetic susceptibility that is only weakly dependent on temperature. Due to these properties, among others, CrB has been considered as a candidate material for wear resistant coatings and high-temperature diffusion barriers.
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A holmium–magnesium–zinc (Ho–Mg–Zn) quasicrystal is a quasicrystal made of an alloy of the three metals holmium, magnesium and zinc that has the shape of a regular dodecahedron, a Platonic solid with 12 five-sided faces. Unlike the similar pyritohedron shape of some cubic-system crystals such as pyrite, this quasicrystal has faces that are true regular pentagons.
The phosphidosilicates or phosphosilicides are inorganic compounds containing silicon bonded to phosphorus and one or more other kinds of elements. In the phosphosilicates each silicon atom is surrounded by four phosphorus atoms in a tetrahedron. The triphosphosilicates have a SiP3 unit, that can be a planar triangle like carbonate CO3. The phosphorus atoms can be shared to form different patterns e.g. [Si2P6]10− which forms pairs, and [Si3P7]3− which contains two-dimensional double layer sheets. [SiP4]8− with isolated tetrahedra, and [SiP2]2− with a three dimensional network with shared tetrahedron corners. SiP clusters can be joined, not only by sharing a P atom, but also by way of a P-P bond. This does not happen with nitridosilicates or plain silicates.
Yttrium(III) nitrate is an inorganic compound, a salt with the formula Y(NO3)3. The hexahydrate is the most common form commercially available.
An yttrium compound is a chemical compound containing yttrium. Among these compounds, yttrium generally has a +3 valence. The solubility properties of yttrium compounds are similar to those of the lanthanides. For example oxalates and carbonates are hardly soluble in water, but soluble in excess oxalate or carbonate solutions as complexes are formed. Sulfates and double sulfates are generally soluble. They resemble the "yttrium group" of heavy lanthanide elements.
Praseodymium phosphide is an inorganic compound of praseodymium and phosphorus with the chemical formula PrP. The compound forms crystals.
Tellurogallates are chemical compounds which contain anionic units of tellurium connected to gallium. They can be considered as gallates where tellurium substitutes for oxygen. Similar compounds include the thiogallates, selenogallates, telluroaluminates, telluroindates and thiostannates. They are in the category of chalcogenotrielates or more broadly tellurometallates or chalcogenometallates.
References
- ↑ "Yttrium acetate". Pubchem. National Institutes of Health. Retrieved 8 February 2017.
- ↑ Gavrilenko, V. V.; Chekulaeva, L. A.; Savitskaya, I. A.; Garbuzova, I. A. Synthesis of yttrium, lanthanum, neodymium, praseodymium and lutetium alkoxides and acetylacetonates(in Russian). Izvestiya Akademi Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, 1992. 11: 2490-2493. ISSN 1026-3500.
- ↑ Zhuravlev, N. N.; Smirnova, E. M. X-ray determination of the structure of YBi and YSb. Kristallografiya, 1962. 7: 787-788. ISSN 0023-4761.
- ↑ Errandonea, D.; Kumar, R.; López-Solano, J.; Rodríguez-Hernández, P.; Muñoz, A.; Rabie, M. G.; Sáez Puche, R. (2011). "Experimental and theoretical study of structural properties and phase transitions in YAsO4and YCrO4". Physical Review B. 83 (13): 134109. arXiv: 1201.5249 . doi: 10.1103/PhysRevB.83.134109 . ISSN 1098-0121.
- ↑ Kansara, Shivam; Singh, Deobrat; Gupta, Sanjeev K.; Sonvane, Yogesh (2017). "Ab Initio Investigation of Vibrational, Optical and Thermodynamics Properties of Yttrium Arsenide". Journal of Electronic Materials. 46 (10): 5670–5676. doi:10.1007/s11664-017-5623-5. ISSN 0361-5235. S2CID 103447738.
- ↑ Tanaka, T.; Okada, S.; Yu, Y.; Ishizawa, Y. (1997). "A New Yttrium Boride: YB25". Journal of Solid State Chemistry. 133 (1): 122–124. Bibcode:1997JSSCh.133..122T. doi:10.1006/jssc.1997.7328. ISSN 0022-4596.
- ↑ Oliver, D.W.; Brower, George D. (1971). "Growth of single crystal YB66 from the melt". Journal of Crystal Growth. 11 (3): 185–190. Bibcode:1971JCrGr..11..185O. doi:10.1016/0022-0248(71)90083-2. ISSN 0022-0248.
- ↑ "Yttrium oxalate tetrahydrate". Pubchem. National Institutes of Health. Retrieved 5 October 2018.
- ↑ "13510-71-9". Pubchem. National Institutes of Health. Retrieved 8 February 2017.
- ↑ "7446-33-5". Pubchem. National Institutes of Health. Retrieved 8 February 2017.