The Fagaceae are a family of flowering plants that includes beeches, chestnuts and oaks, and comprises eight genera with about 927 species. Fagaceae in temperate regions are mostly deciduous, whereas in the tropics, many species occur as evergreen trees and shrubs. They are characterized by alternate simple leaves with pinnate venation, unisexual flowers in the form of catkins, and fruit in the form of cup-like (cupule) nuts. Their leaves are often lobed, and both petioles and stipules are generally present. Their fruits lack endosperm and lie in a scaly or spiny husk that may or may not enclose the entire nut, which may consist of one to seven seeds. In the oaks, genus Quercus, the fruit is a non-valved nut called an acorn. The husk of the acorn in most oaks only forms a cup in which the nut sits. Other members of the family have fully enclosed nuts. Fagaceae is one of the most ecologically important woody plant families in the Northern Hemisphere, as oaks form the backbone of temperate forest in North America, Europe, and Asia, and are one of the most significant sources of wildlife food.
Lithocarpus is a genus in the beech family, Fagaceae. Trees in this genus are commonly known as the stone oaks and differ from Quercus primarily because they produce insect-pollinated flowers on erect spikes and the female flowers have short styles with punctate stigmas. At current, around 340 species have been described, mostly restricted to Southeast Asia. Fossils show that Lithocarpus formerly had a wider distribution, being found in North America and Europe during the Eocene to Miocene epochs. The species extend from the foothills of the Hengduan Mountains, where they form dominant stands of trees, through Indochina and the Malayan Archipelago, crossing Wallace's Line and reaching Papua. In general, these trees are most dominant in the uplands and have many ecological similarities to the Dipterocarpaceae, the dominant lowland tree group. These trees are intolerant of seasonal droughts, not being found on the Lesser Sunda Islands, despite their ability to cross numerous water barriers to reach Papua.
Castanea mollissima, also known as the Chinese chestnut, is a member of the family Fagaceae, and a species of chestnut native to China, Taiwan, and Korea.
Sinopanax formosanus is a species of flowering plant in the family Araliaceae and the only species in the genus Sinopanax. It is endemic to Taiwan. It is a small, evergreen tree, up to 12 metres (39 ft) in height, that grows in open areas in mountainous forests at altitudes between 2,300–2,600 metres (7,500–8,500 ft).
Pinanga tashiroi is a species of palm tree in the family Arecaceae. It is a small tree, up to 5 m (16 ft) tall, swollen at base. It is a critically endangered species.
Eurya rengechiensis is a species of plant in the family Pentaphylacaceae. It is endemic to Taiwan and found only near Taichung. Eurya rengechiensis is an evergreen small tree.
Fagus hayatae, also known as Taiwan beech, is a species of beech tree. It can grow 20 metres (66 ft) tall.It is the only beech species native to Taiwan. While IUCN reports it, as endemic to Taiwan, "Flora of China" and "Flora of Taiwan" also report it from China; "Flora of China" reports a wide but discontinuous mainland distribution between Sichuan in the southwest to Zhejiang in the east.
Fagus longipetiolata is a beech tree species in the family Fagaceae. It is a tree up to 25 metres (82 ft) tall found in southern and eastern China and in Vietnam.
Lithocarpus hendersonianus is a tree species in the beech family Fagaceae. Trees in the genus Lithocarpus are commonly known as stone oaks and differ from Quercus primarily because they produce insect-pollinated flowers. This tree species is endemic to Peninsular Malaysia. It is categorized as Vulnerable by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, primarily due to habitat loss.
Lithocarpus dodonaeifolius is a species of tree in the family Fagaceae. L. dodonaeifolius is a medium-sized tree, up to 9 m (30 ft) tall. It is endemic to Taiwan and only occurs in the Hengchun Peninsula in the extreme south of the country. It grows in mixed mesophytic forests at altitudes of 500–1,500 m (1,600–4,900 ft).
Trigonobalanus doichangensis is a species of tree in the family Fagaceae that can reach 21 metres (69 ft) in height. It is only found at few sites in Yunnan in China and at one site in Chiang Rai in Thailand. It is threatened by habitat loss and degradation. In China it is under second-class national protection.
Quercus rugosa, commonly known as the netleaf oak, is a broad-leaved tree in the beech and oak family Fagaceae. It is native to southern North America.
Quercus deserticola is a Mexican species of oaks in the beech family. It grows in central Mexico in the States of Guanajuato, México, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Querétaro, Oaxaca, Sinaloa, Puebla, and Michoacán.
Quercus acutifolia, many synonyms including Quercus conspersa, is a species of oak tree. It is native to central and southern Mexico and northern Central America, from Nayarit south as far as Belize and Guatemala.
Quercus elliptica is a Mesoamerican species of oak tree. It is widespread across central and southern Mexico and Central America from Sinaloa and Hidalgo south as far as Nicaragua. It is classified in Quercus sect. Lobatae.
Lithocarpus brochidodromus is a tree in the beech family Fagaceae. The specific epithet brochidodromus is from the Latin meaning "loop-veined", referring to the leaves.
Lithocarpus corneri is a tree in the beech family Fagaceae. It is named for the English botanist E. J. H. Corner.
Lithocarpus gracilis is a tree in the beech family Fagaceae. The specific epithet gracilis is from the Latin meaning "slender", referring to the twigs.
Lithocarpus kalkmanii is a tree in the beech family Fagaceae. This species is named for the Dutch botanist Cornelis Kalkman.
Lithocarpus keningauensis is a tree in the beech family Fagaceae. It is named for Keningau District in Sabah, to which the species is native.
