Locomotives of Sri Lanka Railways

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Class M2D, No. 628 "Kankesanthurai" locomotive at Matara Railway Station, ready to haul an express train to Colombo. M2loco.jpg
Class M2D, No. 628 "Kankesanthurai" locomotive at Matara Railway Station, ready to haul an express train to Colombo.

Locomotives and train sets of Sri Lanka Railways consist mostly of diesel locomotives and multiple units. Steam locomotives are no longer used, except on heritage trains, such as the Viceroy Special.

Contents

The first locomotives pulled trains on the original segment of the Main Line, on 54 kilometres (34 miles) connecting Colombo and Ambepussa. [1] In 1953, Sri Lanka Railways enhanced its service to more power with diesel locomotives. [2] Since then, various types of diesel locomotives were added to the service.

History

Early steam powered train on the hill-country railway line Loolecondera railway.jpg
Early steam powered train on the hill-country railway line

Sri Lanka's first railway locomotive was Leopold, in 1864. It was one of seven 4-4-0 locomotives built that year for the Ceylon Government Railway by Robert Stephenson & Company (nos. 1–5) and Beyer, Peacock & Company (nos. 6 and 7). [3] Many more steam locomotives were added to the system, through to the 1950s. All the steam locomotives bar three were manufactured in the United Kingdom; the exceptions were three 4-4-0s built at the railway's Maradana Works near Colombo in 1900 and 1905. In 1938, locomotives were reclassified, based on wheel arrangement and gauge. Sub-classification was based on weight, modifications, heating type, boiler capacity, or other features. [4]

Throughout its history, Ceylon Government Railway had 410 steam locomotives. [5]

The Railways upgraded its service to diesel locomotives, under the leadership of B. D. Rampala in the mid 1950s. [2] In 1953, the first locomotives from British builder Brush Bagnall were imported. Since then, the Railways have imported locomotives from Canada, Japan, West Germany, India, France, and China [6] [7] [8]

In the 1990s, Sri Lanka Railways converted the narrow gauge (2 ft 6 in (762 mm)) Kelani Valley line into 5 ft 6 in (1,676 mm) broad gauge. This was the last narrow gauge line left in Sri Lanka, and its conversion to broad gauge put the fleet of narrow gauge locomotives out of use. All operational locomotives in the country today are broad gauge.

As of March 2022, Sri Lanka does not have commercially operational electric locomotives or train sets. Electrification has been proposed, to improve energy efficiency and sustainability. [9]

Liveries

Class M6 No. 788 painted in the M6's unique ICE (Intercity Express) livery ClassM6 788.jpg
Class M6 No. 788 painted in the M6's unique ICE (Intercity Express) livery

Sri Lanka's locomotives have appeared in several different liveries over the years.

The steam locomotives were mainly black.

With the introduction of diesel locomotives, coloured liveries appeared. Typical for many locomotives is a livery that has thick horizontal bands of dark blue, light blue, silver and a yellow stripe. Also common for many locomotives is a livery of horizontal bands of green, brown, and a yellow stripe. Various other liveries also exist. M6 ICE locomotives have a unique ICE livery of brown and orange.

The DMUs are painted in various liveries, unique to their classes. Typically they feature horizontal bands of colour running their entire length and a solid colour on the front and back ends.

Numbering

Number plate on class M6 No. 795 Henschel Nameplate On M6 Locomotive.jpg
Number plate on class M6 No. 795

Steam locomotives were numbered from 1 upwards, reaching 161 in 1911. Whereafter replacement locomotives were given the same number as the locomotive that they replaced with an "R" prefix; until such time as the old locomotive, now running with an "O" prefix, was finally withdrawn. [10] This system was abandoned in 1928, [10] with new locomotives being numbered from 249 upwards, [11] and reaching 336 by 1940, and 362 in 1951 when the last steam locomotive — a 4-8-0 from WG Bagnall — was delivered. [12]

Narrow gauge locomotives were numbered in the same list as broad gauge locomotives. Diesel locomotives and multiple unit numbering started from 500 – an Armstrong Whitworth 122 hp 0-4-0 diesel-electric shunter delivered in 1934 [12] – and reached 840 in 1991. [13] and included one locomotive experimentally converted to electric traction. [4] [14]

Steam locomotives

Steam locomotives were used on regular services until the 1970s. [2] [4]

PhotoClassNumbersTypeQuantityManufacturerYearNotes
—1–15, 24–25,
28–29, 39–40,
43–47		 4-4-0 26 Robert Stephenson & Company (5)
Beyer, Peacock & Company (7)
Kitson & Company (14)		1864–18805-foot driving wheels
—20–23, 26–27 4-4-0 6 Beyer, Peacock & Company (4)
Kitson & Company (2)		1868–18726-foot driving wheels; 16″×22″ cylinders
—63–71, 89–92 4-4-0 13 Dübs & Company 1892–18956-foot driving wheels; 17″×24″ cylinders
—16–19, 41–42 0-6-0 6 John Fowler & Co 1868–1878
—30–31 0-4-0ST 2 Robert Stephenson & Company 1868Ex Breakwater branch; absorbed in 1874; a third loco was not taken into stock
—32–38, 48 4-4-0T 8 Robert Stephenson & Company (3)
Kitson & Company (5)		1876–1880
—30–31,
1 (second)		 4-4-0 3CGR Maradana Works1900–19055-foot driving wheels; 16″×24″ cylinders
—163 0-6-0CT 1 RW Hawthorn, Leslie & Company 1913 Crane tank
A1 18–19, 41–42 4-8-0 4 Kitson & Company 1913–1921
A2 155–156 4-8-0 2 Kitson & Company 1911renumbered 16–17
A3 275–278,
296–297,
334–336,
357–362		 4-8-0 15 Hunslet Engine Company (6)
WG Bagnall (9)		1928–1951
B1 4, 30,
242–262,
279–290
294–295
347–342
351–356		 4-6-0 49 Beyer, Peacock & Company (25)
Armstrong Whitworth (12)
Robert Stephenson & Company (12)		1927–47“Governor” class – many named; no. 30 Sir Thomas Maitland , runs the Viceroy Special service. [4] [15]
B2 1, 3, 25–29,
39–40, 43–47
193–196,
204–213,
222–228		 4-6-0 35 Kitson & Company (3)
Robert Stephenson & Company (11)
Vulcan Foundry (21)		1925–1925No. 213 preserved and operational
B3 8–11, 22,
169–171,
185–192		 4-6-0 16 Kitson & Company 1913–1914
B4 72–75,
147–147,
158–159		 4-6-0 9 Neilson & Company (4)
Kitson & Company (5)		1893–1912
B5 76–80 4-6-0 5 Neilson & Company (3)
Vulcan Foundry (2)		1894
B6 49–62 4-6-0 14 Kitson & Company (10)
Vulcan Foundry (4)		1882–1890
B7 81–88 4-6-0 8 RW Hawthorn, Leslie & Company 1894
B8 214–219,
232–240		 4-6-0 18 Hunslet Engine Company (13)
RW Hawthorn, Leslie & Company  (2)
Nasmyth, Wilson & Company (3)		1922–27
Class B9.jpg
B9 140–141 4-6-0 2 Hunslet Engine Company 1908renumbered 134–135
B10 109–119 4-6-0 11 Dübs & Company 1901
C1 241,
343–350		 2-6-2+2-6-2 9 Beyer, Peacock & Company 1927, 19451945 locos later converted to oil firing
D1 270–274 2-6-4T 5 Robert Stephenson & Company 1928“College” class, most named;
A Part of Class D2 Steam Locomotive.jpg
D2
D3 12–15, 20–21,
131–139,
150–151,
164–168		 2-6-4T 22 Robert Stephenson & Company (20)
RW Hawthorn, Leslie & Company (2)		1907–1914131–139 renumbered 32–37, 131–133; 150–151 renumbered 38, 40; 12 rebuilt as class D1 and numbered 298 in 1930; D3 class saturated, reclassified D2 when superheated
Class E1 Steam Locomotive.jpg
E1 23–24, 93–94,
101
162,
179–183,
197–200		 0-6-0T 15 Dübs & Company (3)
North British Locomotive Company (5)
Hunslet Engine Company (7)		1898–1915Most rebuilt as 0-6-2T; No. 93 built in 1898 is the oldest surviving steam locomotive in the country - now at National railway museum, Kadugannawa
E1 265–269 0-6-2T 5 Robert Stephenson & Company 1928
F2 2, 5–7,
144–157,
172–173		 4-4-0 20 Vulcan Foundry (5)
North British Locomotive Company (15)		1911–1913144–151 delivered as 152–154, 157–161; F2 saturated, reclassified F2 when superheated. All scrapped
F3 95–100,
124–129		 4-4-0 12 Dübs & Company (6)
Kitson & Company (2)
North British Locomotive Company (4)		1900–1903
H1 293 2-4-0+0-4-2 1 Beyer, Peacock & Company 1930Narrow gauge Garratt
Class J1 Steam Locomotive.jpg
J1 220–221,
263–264,
291–292		 4-6-4T 6 Hunslet Engine Company 1924–1929Narrow gauge
J2 class No. 177, 4-6-4T Hunslet 2ft 6in gauge steam locomotive 1125 of 1913 at Maradana railway station in Maradana.jpg
J2 142–146,
160–161,
174–178,
184,
201–202		 4-6-4T 15 Hunslet Engine Company (11)
North British Locomotive Company (4)		1908–1919Narrow gauge; 142–146 renumbered 136–140
K1 102–108 4-4-0T 7 Hunslet Engine Company 1900–1901Narrow gauge
Class L1 Steam Locomotive.jpg
L1 120–123,
130,
203		 0-4-2T 6 Sharp, Stewart & Company (4)
Hunslet Engine Company (2)		1902–1904,
1920		Narrow gauge
R1 301–313 Steam railcar 13 Sentinel 1925–1927Some were later fitted with small under-floor diesel units and were reclassified T2
R2 317–320 Steam railcar 4 Sentinel 1928Some were later fitted with small under-floor diesel units and were reclassified T2
R3 321–327 Steam railcar 7 Sentinel 1928Some were later fitted with small under-floor diesel units and were reclassified T2
R4 314–316 Steam railcar 3 Clayton 1928Some were later fitted with small under-floor diesel units and were reclassified T2
V1 328–330 Steam railcar 3 Sentinel 1927Narrow gauge
V2 331–333 Steam railcar 3 Sentinel 1928Narrow gauge

Diesel locomotives

ClassType
MDiesel Electric Locomotives
WDiesel Hydraulic Locomotives
G & YShunters
N & PNarrow Gauge Locomotives
SDiesel Multiple Units
TDiesel Rail Cars

Class M — Diesel Electric Locomotives [16]

Diesel locomotives of Sri Lanka Railway are categorized into several classes and their sub classes.

PhotoClassNumbersTypeQuantityManufacturerYearModelPowerNotes
SLR Class M1.jpg M1 539–563A1A-A1A de25 Brush Bagnall Traction 1952—1000 hpCurrently not in service
M2loco.jpg M2 569–573
591–595
626–629		A1A-A1A de (12)
Bo-Bo (2)		14 General Motors Diesel (12)
Electro-Motive Division (2)		1954–1966 G12 1400 hpExcept one (571 Saskatchewan) all others are still in active service
Sri Lanka Railways M3.jpeg M3 589–590Bo-Bo de2Sri Lankan Railways1956–1958360 hpEngines (180 hp × 2) taken from S1 class
Ruhunu1.jpg M4 743–756Co-Co de14 Montreal Locomotive Works 1975 MX-620 1750 hp
M5class.jpg M5 767–782Bo-Bo de16 Hitachi 19791150 hpM5A: Re-engined locally using MTU V12 in 1991; M5B: Re-engined locally using Paxman V12 in 1997; M5C: Re-engined locally using Caterpillar 3516 DITA.
ClassM6 790.jpg M6 783–798A1A-A1A de16 Thyssen-Henschel 1979–1980 G22 1650 hp
M7 class.jpg M7 799–814Bo-Bo de16 Brush Traction 19811000 hp
SLR M8 Loco.jpg M8 M8 (841-848), M8A (877,878)Co-Co deM8 (8), M8A (2) Banaras Locomotive Works M8 (1995), M8A (2001) WDM-2 M8 (2600 hp), M8A (1950 hp)Sub Class M8A: Only 2 locomotives were introduced
Class M9 Loco.jpg M9 864–873Co-Co de10 Alstom 2000AD32C1800 hpSeveral units out of service shortly after introduction due to cost of spares and repair.
Class M10.jpg M10 M10 (914-916), M10A (940-945)Co-Co deM10 (3), M10A (6) Banaras Locomotive Works 2012 WDM3D

(With Alco 251 series 12 diesel engine)

2300 hpSub class M10A was introduced in 2013 which is a technical variant. [17]
Sri Lanka Railways class M11 - 951 diesel electric locomotive.jpg M11 M11 (949-958),Co-CoM11 (10) Banaras Locomotive Works 2018WDG4D

(With EMD 12-710 diesel engine)

3200 hp

Class W — Diesel Hydraulic Locomotives [14]

PhotoClassNumbersTypeQuantityManufacturerYearModelPowerNotes
Colombo sri lanka Railway -Train.jpg W1 630–674B-B dh45 Rheinstahl Henschel 1968–19691150 hp10 rebuilt with Caterpillar engines and reclassified W3. Only 2 locomotives are in operation.
W2loco.jpg W2 703–716,
729		B-B dh15 LEW 1968–Present1500 hp729 ex demonstrator, ran as DR V150.001; imported 1970. Several re-furbished and in operation.
Class W3 Loco.jpg W3 631…674B-B dh10Sri Lankan

Railways

1997–Present1150 hp10 rebuilt from class W1 with Caterpillar engines. Mainly used in up country line.

Classes G and Y — Shunters [18] also known as Switchers [19]

PhotoClassNumbersTypeQuantityManufacturerYearModelPowerNotes
Class G1.jpg G1 5000–4–0 de1 Armstrong Whitworth 1934 - 2006122 hp Sulzer engine. Not in use.
Class G2 Diesel Locomotive.jpg G2 531–538Bo-Bo de8 North British Locomotive Company 1950- 2000625 hpPaxman V8 engine. Not in use.
Class y.jpg Y 675–7020-6-0 dh28 Hunslet Engine Company 1968- 1973530 hpStill in operation.
Y1 721–728D dh8Sri Lanka Railways1972–1973Paxman V12 engine. Not in operation.

Classes N and P — Narrow Gauge Locomotives [14]

PhotoClassNumbersTypeQuantityManufacturerYearModelPowerNotes
N1 564–5681C1 dh5 Krupp 1952–53500 hpNot in use.
Class N2.jpg N2 730–732B-B dh3 Kawasaki 1973600 hpGM Detroit Diesel V16 engine. Ordered by Sri Lanka Veneers & Plywood. Not in use.
Class P1.jpg P1 527–5300-6-0 dm4 Hunslet Engine Company 1950120 hpNot in use.

Note: One class N2 locomotive was re-classified as Class E1 after fitting with Alstom pantographs, to be run under electric power. Not to be confused with the steam locomotive E1, this electric locomotive is not in commercial use. One class P1 locomotive was at Viharamahadevi (Victoria) Amusement Park [14]

Class S - Diesel Push Pull Trains [8]

S1–S8 Diesel Hydraulic Multiple Units, S9–S14, S14A Diesel Electric & Electro-Diesel Multiple Units

PhotoClassNumbersTypeQuantityManufacturerYearModelPowerNotes
S1 501–5034-car3 English Electric 1938400 hpNamed Silver Foam, Silver Spray, and Silver Mist. Not in operation, and power cars scrapped.
S2 574–58815 Schindler Carriage and Wagon 1958500 hpNot in operation and the power cars were scrapped.
Colombo Sri Lanka Railway - Train SLR Class S3.jpg S3 596–62025 MAN 1959880 hpNot in operation.
S4 621–6245 MAN 19611000 hpOut of service.
Class S5.jpg S5 717–7205-car2 sets Hitachi 1970880 hpHitachi Tourist excursion train. Now one is in Airport Express service, operated by Airport & Aviation Services (Sri Lanka) Limited.
Class S6.jpg S6 733–74210 Hitachi 19741150 hpVery similar in appearance to S7. Operated mainly on the broad gauged Kelani Valley line. Currently used as presidential train.
Cass S7 DMU.jpg S7 757–76610 Hitachi 19771000 hpVery similar in appearance to S6. Operated mainly on the broad gauged Kelani Valley line. Not in regular operations.
S8 class.jpg S8 821–84020 Hyundai 19911150 hpCurrently in operation.
S9loco.jpg S9 849–86320 CSR 20001150 hpCurrently in operation.
Class S10.jpg S10 879-89315 CSR 2008Currently in operation.
Class s11.jpg S11 894–91320 ICF 2011–20121360 hp [20] Designed with multi class accommodation.
Class S12.jpg S12 917–93922 CSR 20122000 hpPower cars are single-ended locomotives without passenger interiors. Imported in two variants, one for run on commuter services and other run on long distance services.
S13 959.jpg S13 959–9706 (double sets) ICF 2017-20191800 hpPower car is a single-ended locomotive without passenger interiors.
S14 Train (cropped).png S14 971–9889 sets (2 power cars per set) CRRC Qingdao Sifang 2019-20201950 hpPower cars are single-ended locomotives without passenger interiors.
S14A 989–9924(power cars) CRRC Qingdao Sifang 2019-20201950 hp
S13A 994.jpg S13A 993–9962 (double sets) ICF 2019-20211800 hpPower car is a single-ended locomotive without passenger interiors. All trailer coaches are Air-conditioned Chiar cars.

Class T - Diesel Rail Cars [14]

The various Railbus units that are currently operated are not listed below.

PhotoClassNumbersTypeQuantityManufacturerYearModelPowerNotes
T1 504–52623 English Electric 1947200 hpCoupled in Twin Units. Not in use.
T2 (1950)Converted steam rail car in 1950. Not in use
Rail bus manufacturd by sri lankan railway engineers.jpg Locally built rail buses RB1 to ..Rail BusSLR Rathmalana Works(1995)Based on Tata 1210/48 & Ashok Leyland Viking 193 Bus ChassisTATA :- NA 692 DI 97 hp

Ashok Leyland :- 0.400 - 110 hp WO6E1- 119hp HAL6ETI - 113 hp

A total of 14 Rail Buses were built

between 1995 and 2002 with numbers RB1 to RB14.

Other Locomotives

Some other diesel locomotives (typically shunters) are available and operated in Sri Lanka other than the locomotives and shunters owned by Sri Lanka Railways. Some are the locomotives owned by Sri Lanka Ports Authority and Holcim Sri Lanka limited.

PhotoOwnerLocomotivesQuantityTypeManufacturerYearModelPowerNotes
Sri Lanka Ports Authority 19 (3 in operation) Andrew Barclay
Holcim Sri Lanka Limited Deutz shunters (03), Hunslet shunter (01), Banaras Locomotive Works locomotives (02), Refurbished Beaver shunters (04), SAN locomotive (01)All are diesel hydraulic type except DLW locomotive which is diesel electric.Some are not in use. However this limited cater locomotives from SLR for some services.

Locomotives and train sets on order

▪ Another 2 WDG4D locomotives are to be arrived

▪ In February 2018, local newspapers and news websites reported that General Electric company, USA won the tender for 10 diesel electric locomotives for the use of upcountry railways.

• In September 2018, Sri Lankan Railway ordered 160 passenger coaches from India under $318M line of credit given by India. The deal also included 20 container carriers and 30 fuel tank wagons.

See also

Related Research Articles

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Indian locomotive class WP</span>

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sri Lanka Railways M2</span>

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Indian locomotive class WDM-3D</span>

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Indian locomotive class WDM-7</span>

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Indian locomotive class WDS-4</span>

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Indian locomotive class WDS-3</span>

The class WDS-3 was a diesel-hydraulic locomotive used by Indian Railways for shunting and doing departmental works. The model name stands for broad gauge (W), diesel (D), shunting (S) 3rd generation (3). The WDS-3 is used mostly in the Northern Railway Zone (NR). All these locomotives were withdrawn and scrapped by the late 1990s.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Indian locomotive class WDS-1</span>

The class WDS-1 was a diesel-electric locomotive used by Indian Railways for shunting and doing departmental works. The model name stands for broad gauge (W), Diesel (D), Shunting (S) 1st generation (1). The WDS-1 is used mostly in the Northern Railway Zone (NR). All these locomotives were withdrawn by the late 1990s.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Indian locomotive class WDS-8</span>

The Indian locomotive class WDS-8 is a class of diesel-electric locomotive that was developed in 1979 by the Chittaranjan Locomotive Works for Indian Railways, but ended up being delivered exclusively to the private sector. The model name stands for broad gauge (W), Diesel (D), Shunter (S) engine, 8th generation (8). They entered service in 1979. A total of five WDS-8 locomotives was built at Chittaranjan Locomotive Works (CLW), Chittaranjan between 1979 and 1982.

References

  1. ↑ "Ceylon Railway Enthusiasts Circle (CREC)/SLRF". Sri Lanka Railway 145th Anniversary Trip. 2010-01-02. Archived from the original on 2011-10-04. Retrieved 2011-08-08.
  2. 1 2 3 "The Island". Rampala regime in the local Railway History. 2010-07-19.
  3. ↑ Hughes 1990, p. 93.
  4. 1 2 3 4 http://www.infolanka.com/org/mrail/locos1.html Steam Locomotives
  5. ↑ "Sri Lanka (Ceylon) Railways Steam Locomotive and Steam Railcar Fleet". National Railway Museum - Sri Lanka. Archived from the original on 13 September 2012. Retrieved 7 January 2013.
  6. ↑ "Diesel Locomotives of Sri Lanka : Locomotive classification". www.srilankanlocos.com. M9. Archived from the original on 28 December 2012. Retrieved 9 July 2011.
  7. ↑ "Mainline Diesel-Electrics".
  8. 1 2 http://www.infolanka.com/org/mrail/locos3.html Suburban Diesel Push-Pull types
  9. ↑ "Daily News". IESL proposes railway electrification project. 2010-12-25. Archived from the original on 2012-03-08.
  10. 1 2 Hughes 1990, p. 97.
  11. ↑ Hughes 1990, p. 94.
  12. 1 2 Hughes 1996, p. 92.
  13. ↑ Hughes 1996, p. 95.
  14. 1 2 3 4 5 http://www.infolanka.com/org/mrail/locos4.html Mainline Diesel Hydraulic & Narrow Gauge
  15. ↑ Viceroy Vintage Train Tours Archived 2011-08-28 at the Wayback Machine
  16. ↑ http://www.infolanka.com/org/mrail/locos2.html Mainline Diesel-Electrics
  17. ↑ http://slrailwiki.wikinet.org/wiki/Class_M10 Class M10
  18. ↑ http://www.infolanka.com/org/mrail/locos5.html Diesel Railcars & Shunters
  19. ↑ "Switcher Locomotives: Types, History, And Photos". American-Rails.com. Retrieved 2022-02-18.
  20. ↑ "ColomboPage". India hands over new power sets for Sri Lanka's Southern Railway Line. 2011-03-11. Archived from the original on 2012-03-08. Retrieved 2011-10-16.
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