Luciferianism

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The Sigil of Lucifer, a symbol of Lucifer, used by modern Luciferians Sigil of Lucifer.svg
The Sigil of Lucifer, a symbol of Lucifer, used by modern Luciferians
William Blake's illustration of Lucifer as presented in John Milton's Paradise Lost ParadiseLButts1.jpg
William Blake's illustration of Lucifer as presented in John Milton's Paradise Lost

Luciferianism is a belief system that venerates the essential characteristics that are affixed to Lucifer, the name of various mythological and religious figures associated with the planet Venus. The tradition usually reveres Lucifer not as the Devil, but as a destroyer, a guardian, liberator, [1] light bringer or guiding spirit to darkness, [2] or even the true god. [1] According to Ethan Doyle White of the Britannica, among those who "called themselves Satanists or Luciferians", some insist that Lucifer is an entity separate from Satan, while others maintain "the two names as synonyms for the same being". [3]

Contents


Etymology

The word Lucifer is taken from the Latin Vulgate, [4] which translates הֵילֵל as lucifer. [5] [6] The Biblical Hebrew word הֵילֵל, which occurs only once in the Hebrew Bible, [7] has been transliterated as hêlêl, [7] or heylel. The Septuagint renders הֵילֵל in Greek as ἑωσφόρος [8] [9] [10] (heōsphoros), [11] [12] [13] a name, literally "bringer of dawn", for the morning star. [14]

According to both Christian [15] and Jewish exegesis, in Chapter 14 of the Book of Isaiah, the King of Babylon (Nebuchadnezzar II), conqueror of Jerusalem, is condemned in a prophetic vision by the prophet Isaiah and is called the "Morning Star" (planet Venus). [16] [17] The Hebrew text in this chapter says, הֵילֵל בֶּן-שָׁחַר (Helel ben Shachar, "shining one, son of dawn"). [17] Helel ben Shahar may refer to the Morning Star, but the text in Isaiah 14 gives no indication that Helel was a star or planet. [18] [19]

Later Christian tradition came to use the Latin word for "morning star", lucifer, as a proper name ("Lucifer") for the Devil; as he was before his fall. [20] As a result, Lucifer has become a by-word for Satan or the Devil in the church and in popular literature", [4] as in Dante Alighieri's Inferno , Joost van den Vondel's Lucifer and John Milton's Paradise Lost . [13] However, the Latin word never came to be used almost exclusively, as in English, in this way, and was applied to others also, including Jesus. [21] The image of a morning star fallen from the sky is generally believed among scholars to have a parallel in Canaanite mythology. [22]

History

Medieval

The Luciferian label—in the sense of Lucifer-worshipper—was first used in the Gesta Treverorum in 1231 for a religious circle led by a woman named Lucardis (Luckhardis). It was said that in private she lamented the fall of Lucifer (Satan) and yearned for his restoration to heavenly rule. The sect was exposed by the Papal Inquisition. In 1234, Pope Gregory IX issued the bull Vox in Rama calling for a crusade against the Stedinger, who were accused of Luciferianism. The bull contains a detailed description of supposed rites and beliefs. This description was repeated and occasionally expanded in the following centuries, but "modern historiography agrees on their entirely fictitious nature". [23] The actual identity of the heretics accused of Luciferianism is often difficult to ascertain. [23] Those of the 13th-century Rhineland appear to have been Cathars (Alexander Patschovsky) [24] or a distinct off-shoot of the Cathars (Piotr Czarnecki). [25]

In the 14th century, the term Luciferians was applied to what appear to have been Waldensians. [23] They were persecuted under the Luciferian label in Schweidnitz in 1315 and in Angermünde in 1336. In 1392–1394, when some four hundred Luciferians from Brandenburg and Pomerania were brought before the inquisitor Peter Zwicker, he exonerated them of devil-worship and correctly identified them as Waldensians. At the same time, the inquisitor Antonio di Settimo in Piedmont believed the local Waldensians to be Luciferians. [26]

Early modern

Lucifer the Lightbearer was an individualist anarchist publication in the United States edited by Moses Harman. Lucifer, The Light-Bearer.jpg
Lucifer the Lightbearer was an individualist anarchist publication in the United States edited by Moses Harman.

Lucifer the Lightbearer was an individualist anarchist journal published in the United States by Moses Harman in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It has been reported that "the title was selected, stated Harman, because it expressed the paper's mission. Lucifer, the name given to the morning star by the people of the ancient world, served as the symbol of the publication and represented the ushering in of a new day. He declared that freethinkers had sought to redeem and glorify the name Lucifer while theologians cursed him as the prince of the fallen angels. Harman suggested that Lucifer would take on the role of an educator. 'The God of the Bible doomed mankind to perpetual ignorance,' wrote Harman, 'and [people] would never have known Good from Evil if Lucifer had not told them how to become as wise as the gods themselves.'" [27]

Lucifer was a publication edited by the influential occultist Helena Blavatsky. The journal was first published by Blavatsky. From 1889 until Blavatsky's death in May 1891, Annie Besant was a co-editor. Rudolf Steiner's writings, which formed the basis for anthroposophy, characterised Lucifer as a spiritual opposite to Ahriman, with Christ between the two forces, mediating a balanced path for humanity. Lucifer represents an intellectual, imaginative and otherworldly force which might be associated with visions, subjectivity, psychosis and fantasy. He associated Lucifer with the religious and philosophical cultures of Egypt, Rome, and Greece. Steiner believed that Lucifer, as a supersensible Being, had incarnated in China about 3000 years before the birth of Christ.

Léo Taxil (1854–1907) claimed that Freemasonry is associated with worshipping Lucifer. In what is known as the Taxil hoax, he alleged that leading Freemason Albert Pike had addressed "[t]he 23 Supreme Confederated Councils of the world" (an invention of Taxil), instructing them that Lucifer was God, and was in opposition to the evil god Adonai. Supporters of Freemasonry contend that, when Albert Pike and other Masonic scholars spoke about the "Luciferian path" or the "energies of Lucifer", they were referring to the Morning Star, the light bearer, [28] the search for light, the very antithesis of dark, Satanic evil. Taxil promoted a book by Diana Vaughan (actually written by himself, as he later confessed publicly) [29] that purported to reveal a highly secret ruling body called the Palladium, which controlled the organization and had a Satanic agenda. As described by Freemasonry Disclosed in 1897:

With frightening cynicism, the miserable person we shall not name here [Taxil] declared before an assembly especially convened for him that for twelve years he had prepared and carried out to the end the most sacrilegious of hoaxes. We have always been careful to publish special articles concerning Palladism and Diana Vaughan. We are now giving in this issue a complete list of these articles, which can now be considered as not having existed. [30]

Taxil's work and Pike's address continue to be quoted by anti-Masonic groups. [31]

In Devil-Worship in France, Arthur Edward Waite compared Taxil's work to what today would be called a tabloid story, replete with logical and factual inconsistencies.

Madeline Montalban was an English astrologer and witch. She co-founded the esoteric organisation known as the Order of the Morning Star (OMS), through which she propagated her own form of Luciferianism. In 1952, she met Nicholas Heron, with whom she entered into a relationship. An engraver, photographer, and former journalist for the Brighton Argus , he shared her interest in the occult and together they developed a magical system based upon Luciferianism, the veneration of the deity Lucifer, or Lumiel, whom they considered to be a benevolent angelic deity. In 1956, they founded the Order of the Morning Star, or Ordo Stella Matutina (OSM), propagating it through a correspondence course. [32] The couple sent out lessons to those who paid the necessary fees over a series of weeks, eventually leading to the twelfth lesson, which contained The Book of Lumiel, a short work written by Montalban that documented her understanding of Lumiel, or Lucifer, and his involvement with humankind. [33] The couple initially lived together in Torrington Place, London, from where they ran the course; but in 1961 moved to the coastal town of Southsea in Hampshire, where there was greater room for Heron's engraving equipment. [34]

Modern

In Anton LaVey's The Satanic Bible , Lucifer is one of the four crown princes of hell, particularly that of the East, the "lord of the air", and is described as the bringer of light, the morning star, intellectualism, and enlightenment. [35] The title "lord of the air" is based upon Ephesians 2:2, which uses the phrase "prince of the power of the air'" to refer to Satan.

In Rules for Radicals (his final work, published in 1971 one year before his death), the prominent American community organizer and writer Saul Alinsky wrote at the end of his personal acknowledgements:

Lest we forget at least an over-the-shoulder acknowledgment to the very first radical: from all our legends, mythology, and history (and who is to know where mythology leaves off and history begins or which is which), the first radical known to man who rebelled against the establishment and did it so effectively that he at least won his own kingdom – Lucifer. [36]

Author Michael W. Ford has written on Lucifer as a "mask" of the adversary, a motivator and illuminating force of the mind and subconscious. [37]

Organizations

Fraternitas Saturni

Stephen Flowers, in his book on the German magical order Fraternitas Saturni (FS), says that "the FS is (or was) the most unabashedly Luciferian organization in the modern Western occult revival". [38]

Luciferian Research Society

The Luciferian Research Society is a decentralized organisation that was created in the goal to connect Luciferians from all around the world and encourage them in their spiritual projects.

It quickly arose as a main driving force in modern Luciferianism, with members from it managing the Luciferianism subreddit and holding internet lives, podcasts and real world events. As from September 2024, it is still very active.

From the official Luciferian Research Society website:

on Sep 4, 2009 C.E. the Luciferian Research Society was founded by Jeremy Crow as a different way of forming an occult themed community. Rather than modelling it after an Esoteric Order, the LRS took the concept of an Artist's Guild for inspiration. There would be no hierarchy and titles would not be given out. Even those who took on moderator responsibilities would not be permitted to label themselves as such. Any influence or prestige enjoyed by a member of LRS would be earned through their own efforts rather than artificially bestowed upon them from some perceived authority figure. Additionally, like an Artist Guild, the overall purpose of the LRS would be to assist members in developing their craft and to support their real world projects. [39]

Church of Lucifer

As of early 2024, a one page website with the name, luciferchurch.org mentioned several churches with Lucifer or Luciferian in the name: The Luciferian Church in Denmark, the National Church of Lucifer, The Scandinavian Church of Lucifer, Church of Lucifer, Greater Church of Lucifer, Neo-Luciferian Church, (none of which have websites specifically under their name).

It included a seal of "the Church of Lucifer, Denmark", stated that "The Great Church of Lucifer based in Anholt island Denmark", but also

Who are we:
We are The Luciferian Church in Denmark or the National Church of Lucifer, The Scandinavian Church of Lucifer sometimes called the Church of Lucifer or Greater Church of Lucifer. We are an established, privately-owned church in Denmark. [40]

It stated that the Neo-Luciferian Church incorporates "elements from Thelema, Gnosticism, Voodoo, traditional occultism, and witchcraft" in its practices, and denounces its rivals at the Church of Satan and The Satanic Temple as partaking in "Cosplaying for Tax Evasion". [40] It lists as its "Danish Luciferian Background: The Neo-Luciferian Church was started in 2005 by Danish occultist Bjarne Sally Pedersen." and that it is a "reawakening and modern interpretation of the Luciferian Gnosticism advocated by Danish occultist and member of the Ordo Templi Orientis Carl William Hansen", aka Ben Kadosh "in the early 1900s". [40]

The Neo-Luciferian Church website is no longer in existence, but the original can be seen on archive.org. [41]

Greater Church of Lucifer

The one known brick and mortar church having some connection to Lucifer, "The Greater Church of Lucifer", located in Old Town Spring, Texas, opened 30 October 2015 and closed less than one year later. [42] In 2014, Luciferians founded a worldwide organization for Luciferians from Houston, Texas, known as the Greater Church of Lucifer (GCoL) under the leadership of church founder Jacob McKelvy, co-presidents Michael W. Ford and Jeremy Crow, founder of the Luciferian Research Society. In 2017 McKelvy converted to Christianity. [43] Michael W. Ford and his wife have described their religion as "Luciferian witchcraft". [44]

In 2015, the GCoL opened a house of worship in Old Town Spring, Texas, with several dozen members. (They had previously contacted online.) Over a hundred local residents, mainly Catholic, protested the opening of the church. [45]

The town of Old Town Spring suffered from a boycott in response to the church, The church itself had windows smashed and its roof damaged after someone sawed off the branch of a 200-year-old pecan tree hanging over the church in the middle of the night. [46] [47] [48] [49] Ford stated that The Greater Church of Lucifer was forced to shut down one year later because their landlord refused to renew their lease after receiving death threats. [50]

As of 2024 a website called the Assembly of Light Bearers stated that it is "the successor guild" for the Greater Church of Lucifer, following the church's "(at least temporarily)" closing, and that "the ALB is drastically different in structure and purpose from the GCOL". [51]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lucifer</span> Mythological and religious figure

The most common meaning for Lucifer in English is as a name for the Devil in Christian theology. It appeared in the King James Version of the Bible in Isaiah and before that in the Vulgate, not as the name of a devil but as the Latin word lucifer (uncapitalized), meaning "the morning star", "the planet Venus", or, as an adjective, "light-bringing". It is a translation of the Hebrew word הֵילֵל, hêlēl, meaning "Shining One".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Satan</span> Figure in Abrahamic religions

Satan, also known as the Devil, is an entity in Abrahamic religions that seduces humans into sin or falsehood. In Judaism, Satan is seen as an agent subservient to God, typically regarded as a metaphor for the yetzer hara, or "evil inclination". In Christianity and Islam, he is usually seen as a fallen angel or jinn who has rebelled against God, who nevertheless allows him temporary power over the fallen world and a host of demons. In the Quran, Shaitan, also known as Iblis, is an entity made of fire who was cast out of Heaven because he refused to bow before the newly created Adam and incites humans to sin by infecting their minds with waswās.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Satanism</span> Ideological and philosophical beliefs based on Satan

Satanism refers to a group of religious, ideological, and/or philosophical beliefs based on Satan – particularly his worship or veneration. Satan is commonly associated with the Devil in Christianity, a fallen angel often regarded as chief of the demons who tempt humans into sin. The phenomenon of Satanism shares "historical connections and family resemblances" with the Left Hand Path milieu of other occult figures such as Chaos, Hecate, Lilith, Lucifer, and Set. For centuries, the term was used by various Christian groups as an accusation against ideological opponents, a slur for assorted heretics, freethinkers, and pagans. By contrast, self-identified Satanism is a relatively modern phenomenon, largely attributed to the 1966 founding of the Church of Satan by Anton LaVey in the United States – an atheistic group that does not believe in a supernatural Satan.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Taxil hoax</span> 1890s hoax of exposure by Léo Taxil

The Taxil hoax was an 1890s hoax of exposure by Léo Taxil, intended to mock not only Freemasonry but also the Catholic Church's opposition to it.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Church of Satan</span> Organization dedicated to atheist Satanism

The Church of Satan (CoS) is a religious organization dedicated to the religion of Satanism as defined by Anton Szandor LaVey. Founded in San Francisco in 1966, by LaVey, it is considered the "oldest satanic religion in continual existence", and more importantly the most influential, inspiring "numerous imitator and breakaway groups". According to the Church, Satanism has been "codified" as "a religion and philosophy" by LaVey and his church. Founded in an era when there was much public interest in the occult, witchcraft and Satanism, the church enjoyed a heyday for several years after its founding. Celebrities attended LaVey's satanic parties and he was invited on talk shows. His Satanic Bible sold nearly a million copies.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Anton LaVey</span> Founder of the Church of Satan, author of the Satanic Bible

Anton Szandor LaVey was an American author, musician, and LaVeyan Satanist. He was the founder of the Church of Satan, the philosophy of LaVeyan Satanism, and the concept of Satanism. He authored several books, including The Satanic Bible, The Satanic Rituals, The Satanic Witch, The Devil's Notebook, and Satan Speaks! In addition, he released three albums, including The Satanic Mass, Satan Takes a Holiday, and Strange Music. He played a minor on-screen role and served as technical advisor for the 1975 film The Devil's Rain and served as host and narrator for Nick Bougas' 1989 mondo film Death Scenes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Black Mass</span> Satanic religious practice

A Black Mass is a ceremony celebrated by various Satanic groups. It has allegedly existed for centuries in different forms, and the modern form is intentionally a sacrilegious and blasphemous parody of a Catholic Mass.

<i>The Satanic Bible</i> Religious text of LaVeyan Satanism

The Satanic Bible is a collection of essays, observations, and rituals published by Anton LaVey in 1969. It is the central religious text of LaVeyan Satanism, and is considered the foundation of its philosophy and dogma. It has been described as the most important document to influence contemporary Satanism. Though The Satanic Bible is not considered to be sacred scripture in the way that the Christian Bible is to Christianity, LaVeyan Satanists regard it as an authoritative text as it is a contemporary text that has attained for them scriptural status. It extols the virtues of exploring one's nature and instincts. Believers have been described as "atheistic Satanists" because they believe that God and Satan are not external entities, but rather projections of an individual's personality—benevolent and stabilizing forces in their life. There have been thirty printings of The Satanic Bible, selling over a million copies.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Léo Taxil</span> French writer (1854–1907)

Marie Joseph Gabriel Antoine Jogand-Pagès, better known by the pen name Léo Taxil, was a French writer and journalist who became known for his strong anti-Catholic and anti-clerical views. He is also known for the Taxil hoax, a spurious exposé of Freemasonry and the Roman Catholic Church's opposition to it.

LaVeyan Satanism is the name given to the form of Satanism promoted by American occultist and author Anton LaVey (1930–1997). LaVey founded the Church of Satan (CoS) in 1966 in San Francisco. Although LaVey is thought to have had more impact with his Satanic aesthetics of "colourful" rituals and "scandalous" clothes that created a "gigantic media circus", he also promoted his ideas in writings, such as the popular Satanic Bible. LaVeyan Satanism has been classified as a new religious movement and a form of Western esotericism by scholars of religion. LaVey's ideas have been said to weave together an array of sometimes "contradictory" "thinkers and tropes", combining "humanism, hedonism, aspects of pop psychology and the human potential movement", along with "a lot of showmanship", His ideas were heavily influenced by the ideas and writings of Friedrich Nietzsche, Ayn Rand and Arthur Desmond.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hesperus</span> The planet Venus in the evening

In Greek mythology, Hesperus is the Evening Star, the planet Venus in the evening. A son of the dawn goddess Eos, he is the half-brother of her other son, Phosphorus. Hesperus' Roman equivalent is Vesper. By one account, Hesperus' father was Cephalus, a mortal, while Phosphorus was the star god Astraeus. Other sources, however, state that Hesperus was the brother of Atlas, and thus the son of Iapetus.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Theistic Satanism</span> Umbrella term for religious groups

Theistic Satanism, otherwise referred to as traditional Satanism, religious Satanism, or spiritual Satanism, is an umbrella term for religious groups that consider Satan, the Devil, to objectively exist as a deity, supernatural entity, or spiritual being worthy of worship or reverence, whom individuals may believe in, contact, and convene with, in contrast to the atheistic archetype, metaphor, or symbol found in LaVeyan Satanism.

Gavin Baddeley is an ordained Reverend in the Church of Satan, and an experienced journalist who has worked for The Observer and Metal Hammer. He is the occult authority for the BBC and Channel 4, has addressed Cambridge University, and has been profiled in The Independent and The London Evening Standard. He made an appearance in the documentary film Metal: A Headbanger's Journey.

The Infernal Names is a compiled list of adversarial or antihero figures from mythology intended for use in Satanic ritual. The following names are as listed in The Satanic Bible (1969), written by Church of Satan founder Anton Szandor LaVey. When calling the names, all of them may be recited, or a given number of those most significant to the respective working may be chosen.

Greater and lesser magic, within LaVeyan Satanism, designate types of beliefs with the term greater magic applying to ritual practice meant as psychodramatic catharsis to focus ones emotions for a specific purpose and lesser magic applied to the practice of manipulation by means of applied psychology and glamour to bend an individual or situation to one's will.

The Satanic panic is a moral panic about alleged widespread Satanic ritual abuse which originated around the 1980s in the United States, peaking in the early 1990s, before waning as a result of scepticism of academics and law enforcement agencies who ultimately debunked the claims. The phenomenon spread from the United States to other countries, including South Africa, where it is still evident periodically. South Africa was particularly associated with the Satanic panic because of the creation of the Occult Related Crimes Unit in 1992, described as the "world's only 'ritual murder' task force". According to anthropologist Annika Teppo, this was linked with powerful conservative Christian forces within the then-dominant white community in the last years of apartheid. Christian belief is a prerequisite to serve in the unit. The concern with the alleged presence of Satanism and occult practices has continued into the post-apartheid era.

Within the Church of Satan, a Grotto is a clandestine association or gathering of Satanists within geographical proximity for means of social, ritual, and special interest activities. The Black House, the founding place and headquarters of the Church of Satan from 1966 to 1997, was effectively the first grotto, and was for a time referred to as the "Central Grotto". Grottos existed for a time in various parts of the United States; these included the Babylon Grotto in Detroit, the Stygian Grotto in Dayton, and the Lilith Grotto in New York. In 1975, LaVey disbanded all grottos, then reinstated them in the 1980s. The Church of Satan no longer formally recognizes or charters grottos.

Biblical Astronomy broadly encompasses the views expressed within the Biblical texts concerning the Earth's placement in the cosmos, the recognition of celestial bodies such as stars and planets, and the associated belief systems. The scriptural sources, particularly the poetic passages, offer limited and often enigmatic references to these topics beyond the Earth's positioning. This scarcity of explicit astronomical details reflects the ancients' understanding and the contextual focus of the scriptures.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Venus in culture</span> Depictions in culture of the planet Venus

Venus, as one of the brightest objects in the sky, has been known since prehistoric times and has been a major fixture in human culture for as long as records have existed. As such, it has a prominent position in human culture, religion, and myth. It has been made sacred to gods of many cultures, and has been a prime inspiration for writers and poets as the morning star and evening star.

Michael W. Ford is an American occultist, author, and musician. He is the former co-president of the now closed Greater Church of Lucifer (GCOL) which was the first Luciferian building in the United States. It was located in Old Town Springs, Texas. More recently, he works with Jeremy Crow and Hope Marie Ford operating the Assembly of Light Bearers. Ford has published a number of books on the occult and recorded a number of albums as well. Ford's company, Succubus Productions Publishing publishes a majority of his English Language books, while his works have been translated into a number of languages and published by companies in Italy, Peru, Brazil, France, Germany, and Serbia. His magical name is Akhtya.

References

  1. 1 2 Spence, L. (1993). An Encyclopedia of Occultism. Carol Publishing.
  2. ↑ Michelle Belanger (2007). Vampires in Their Own Words: An Anthology of Vampire Voices. Llewellyn Worldwide. p. 175. ISBN   978-0-7387-1220-8.
  3. ↑ White, Ethan Doyle. "History & Society. Satanism, occult practice". Britannica. Retrieved 1 January 2024.
  4. 1 2 Kohler, Dr. Kaufmann (2006). Heaven and Hell in Comparative Religion with Special Reference to Dante's Divine Comedy. New York: The MacMillan Company. pp. 4–5. ISBN   978-0-7661-6608-0. Lucifer, is taken from the Latin version, the Vulgate
  5. ↑ "Latin Vulgate Bible: Isaiah 14". DRBO.org. Retrieved 22 December 2012.
  6. ↑ "Vulgate: Isaiah Chapter 14" (in Latin). Sacred-texts.com. Retrieved 22 December 2012.
  7. 1 2 "Hebrew Concordance: hê·lêl – 1 Occurrence – Bible Suite". Bible Hub. Leesburg, Florida: Biblos.com. Retrieved 8 September 2013.
  8. ↑ "LXX Isaiah 14" (in Greek). Septuagint.org. Retrieved 22 December 2012.
  9. ↑ "Greek OT (Septuagint/LXX): Isaiah 14" (in Greek). Bibledatabase.net. Archived from the original on 15 January 2020. Retrieved 22 December 2012.
  10. ↑ "LXX Isaiah 14" (in Greek). Biblos.com. Retrieved 6 May 2013.
  11. ↑ Neil Forsyth (1989). The Old Enemy: Satan and the Combat Myth. Princeton University Press. p. 136. ISBN   978-0-691-01474-6 . Retrieved 22 December 2012.
  12. ↑ Nwaocha Ogechukwu Friday (2012). The Devil: What Does He Look Like?. American Book Publishing. p. 35. ISBN   978-1-58982-662-5 . Retrieved 22 December 2012.
  13. 1 2 Adelman, Rachel (2009). The Return of the Repressed: Pirqe De-Rabbi Eliezer and the Pseudepigrapha. Leiden: BRILL. p.  67. ISBN   978-90-04-17049-0. ISBN   90-04-17049-9 (see: Pseudepigrapha).
  14. ↑ Taylor, Bernard A.; with word definitions by J. Lust; Eynikel, E.; Hauspie, K. (2009). Analytical lexicon to the Septuagint (Expanded ed.). Peabody, MA: Hendrickson Publishers, Inc. p. 256. ISBN   978-1-56563-516-6.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  15. ↑ Examples of Christian literal exegesis of Isaiah 14:12
  16. ↑ Helel ben Shaḥar "day-star, son of Dawn"; planet Venus is one of the brightest celestial bodies at night, which can be seen in the early morning when no other star can be seen any more, but vanishes when the sun, the real light, rises.
  17. 1 2 "Astronomy – Helel Son of Dawn". The unedited full-text of the 1906 Jewish Encyclopedia. JewishEncyclopedia.com. Retrieved 1 July 2012.
  18. ↑ Gunkel, "Schöpfung und Chaos," pp. 132 et seq.
  19. ↑ "Isaiah Chapter 14". mechon-mamre.org. The Mamre Institute. Retrieved 29 December 2014.
  20. ↑ "Lucifer". Encyclopædia Britannica . Retrieved 6 September 2013.
  21. ↑ See Latin word lucifer below.
  22. ↑ See #Mythology behind Isaiah 14:12
  23. 1 2 3 Ruben van Luijk, Children of Lucifer: The Origins of Modern Religious Satanism (Oxford University Press, 2016), pp. 29–31.
  24. ↑ Colin Morris, The Papal Monarchy: The Western Church from 1050 to 1250 (Oxford University Press, 1989), p. 475.
  25. ↑ Piotr Czarnecki, "Luciferianism in the 13th Century-a Forgotten Off-shoot of Catharism", Studia Historyczne 1.47 (2004): 3–19.
  26. ↑ Kathrin Utz Tremp, "Heresy", in Richard M. Golden, ed., Encyclopedia of Witchcraft: The Western Tradition (ABC-CLIO, 2006), p. 486.
  27. ↑ "The Moses Harman Story" by William Lemore West at Kansas Historical Society
  28. ↑ "Lucifer, the Son of the Morning! Is it he who bears the Light, and with its splendors intolerable blinds feeble, sensual, or selfish Souls? Doubt it not!" (Albert Pike, Morals and Dogma, p. 321). Much has been made of this quote (Masonic information: Lucifer).
  29. ↑ "Leo Taxil's confession". Grand Lodge of British Columbia and Yukon. 2 April 2001. Retrieved 23 December 2012.
  30. ↑ Freemasonry Disclosed April 1897
  31. ↑ "Leo Taxil: The tale of the Pope and the Pornographer" . Retrieved 14 September 2006.
  32. ↑ Philips 2012, pp. 81–82.
  33. ↑ Philips 2012, pp. 95–97.
  34. ↑ Philips 2012, p. 81.
  35. ↑ LaVey, Anton Szandor (1969). "The Book of Lucifer: The Enlightenment". The Satanic Bible . New York: Avon. ISBN   978-0-380-01539-9.
  36. ↑ Alinsky, Saul (1989). Rules for Radicals . Knopf Doubleday Publishing. ISBN   9780679721130.
  37. ↑ "Adversarial Doctrine". Bible of the Adversary. Succubus Productions. 2007. p. 8.
  38. ↑ Stephen E. Flowers. Fire & Ice: The history, structure and rituals of Germany's modern magical order. The brotherhood of Saturn. Llewellyn. p. xv. 1994
  39. ↑ https://luciferianresearch.org/about-us
  40. 1 2 3 "Church of Lucifer, Denmark". Lucifer Church. Retrieved 4 January 2024.
  41. ↑ "HEADQUARTERS". NEO-LUCIFERIAN CHURCH -. Archived from the original on 2013-12-28. Retrieved 9 January 2024.
  42. ↑ "Exorcised: Luciferian church looks to start anew after harassment". houston chronicle. 23 April 2017. Retrieved 14 February 2024.
  43. ↑ "He Started a Satanic Church on Halloween, but Less Than a Year Later He Was Radically Saved". CBN News. 2017-03-14. Retrieved 2023-02-17.
  44. ↑ Laycock, Satanism, 2023: 7 Contemporary Developments in Satanism. Public Satanism
  45. ↑ "Greater Church of Lucifer opens doors despite protests in Old Town Spring". 30 October 2015.
  46. ↑ Le, Nguyen (2016). "In a small Texas town, a place to follow Lucifer". The Cougar.
  47. ↑ "Controversial Church of Lucifer vandalized, grand opening still set for Friday". ABC News. October 30, 2015.
  48. ↑ Rice, Harvey (October 31, 2015). "Protests mar first service at Greater Church of Lucifer". Houston Chronicle.
  49. ↑ Hanson, Hillary (November 3, 2015). "Christians Protest Church Of Lucifer, End Up Fighting Among Themselves". Huffington Post.
  50. ↑ Goransson, Niklas (May 29, 2019). "Black Funeral". Bardo Methodology.
  51. ↑ "Assembly of Light Bearers" . Retrieved 4 January 2024.

Works cited

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