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The Magna Carta Foundation (Fondazione Magna Carta, FMC) is an Italian think tank, which has been involved in politics, having been affiliated to Forza Italia (FI), The People of Freedom (PdL) and, subsequently, New Centre-Right (NCD). FMC's current president is Gaetano Quagliariello, a minister in Letta Cabinet. [1]
The think tank aims at combining elements of liberalism with Catholic social teaching, [2] [3] supports the Judeo-Christian roots of Europe, and takes a strong pro-United States and pro-Israel stance in foreign policy, especially in relation to radical Islam and Islamic terrorism. [4] For these reasons and due to the left-wing roots of many of its members, the group has been sometimes described as the neoconservative faction within FI and, later, the PdL. [5] In fact, FMC has had close ties with American neocons [6] and has agreed with them especially on issues of national security and just war theory. [3]
The foundation's leading figure was long Marcello Pera, but later Quagliariello took over. Among MPs, other than Pera and Quagliariello, Fiamma Nirenstein, Eugenia Roccella, Luigi Compagna, Souad Sbai, Giuseppe Calderisi, Alfredo Mantovano, and Guido Possa have been, to different extents, close to FMC.
In November 2013 Quagliariello, Roccella and Compagna left the PdL and joined NCD. [7]
The Union of the Centre, whose complete name is "Union of Christian and Centre Democrats", is a Christian-democratic political party in Italy.
The Movement for Autonomy is a regionalist and Christian-democratic political party in Italy, based in Sicily. The MpA, whose founder and leader is Raffaele Lombardo, advocates for greater economic development, autonomy and legislative powers for Sicily and the other regions of southern Italy.
The People of Freedom was a centre-right political party in Italy. The PdL launched by Silvio Berlusconi as an electoral list, including Forza Italia and National Alliance, on 27 February for the 2008 Italian general election. The list was later transformed into a party during a party congress on 27–29 March 2009. The party's leading members included Angelino Alfano, Renato Schifani, Renato Brunetta, Roberto Formigoni, Maurizio Sacconi, Maurizio Gasparri, Mariastella Gelmini, Antonio Martino, Giancarlo Galan, Maurizio Lupi, Gaetano Quagliariello, Daniela Santanchè, Sandro Bondi, and Raffaele Fitto.
Tremontiani referred to the faction around Giulio Tremonti, a leading member of The People of Freedom (PdL), a political party in Italy.
The Liberal Populars were a short-lived Christian-democratic political party in Italy (2008–2009), which currently functions as an internal faction of Identity and Action (IdeA).
Network Italy is a Christian-democratic association connected to Popular Alternative (AP), a political party in Italy, and earlier to The People of Freedom. Most of its members, including its long-time leader Roberto Formigoni, are members of the Catholic lay movement Communion and Liberation (CL).
The Federation of Christian Populars was a short-lived Christian-democratic political party in Italy which has been a faction within The People of Freedom (PdL), a broad centre-right party led by Silvio Berlusconi, and later became part of the New Centre-Right (NCD).
Reformism and Freedom is a "reformist" and mainly social-democratic think tank in Italy. ReL, whose president is Fabrizio Cicchitto, has been associated with The People of Freedom (PdL), a political party, until 2013 and is now close to New Centre-Right (NCD).
Foundation of Freedom was a liberal-conservative think tank connected to The People of Freedom, a political party in Italy.
New Italy Foundation is a national and socially-conservative think tank in Italy.
Pisaniani referred to the faction around Giuseppe Pisanu, a leading member of The People of Freedom (PdL), a political party in Italy.
Civic Choice was a centrist and liberal political party in Italy founded by Mario Monti. The party was formed in the run-up of the 2013 general election to support the outgoing Prime Minister Monti and continue his political agenda. In the election SC was part of a centrist coalition named With Monti for Italy, along with Union of the Centre of Pier Ferdinando Casini and Future and Freedom of Gianfranco Fini.
Forza Italia is a centre-right political party in Italy, whose ideology includes elements of liberal conservatism, Christian democracy, liberalism and populism. FI is a member of the European People's Party. Silvio Berlusconi was the party's leader and president until his death in 2023. The party has since been led by Antonio Tajani, who had been vice president and coordinator and now functions as secretary. Other leading members include Elisabetta Casellati.
New Centre-Right was a centre-right political party in Italy. The party was launched on 15 November 2013 by a group of dissidents of The People of Freedom (PdL) who opposed the party's reformation as Forza Italia (FI), which would take place the following day. The NCD leader was Angelino Alfano, who had been Silvio Berlusconi's protégé and national secretary of the PdL from 2011 to 2013.
Unique Italy was a centre-right political party in Italy.
Popular Area was a centre-right and mainly Christian-democratic coalition, which included two parliamentary groups active in each house of the Italian Parliament: the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate.
The Conservatives and Reformists was a broadly conservative and, to some extent, Christian-democratic and liberal political party in Italy, led by Raffaele Fitto.
The Liberal Popular Alliance, whose full name was Liberal Popular Alliance – Autonomies, was a centrist and liberal political party in Italy. ALA members were known as Verdiniani, from the name of their leader Denis Verdini, who was formerly a long-time member and national coordinator of three successive centre-right parties led by Silvio Berlusconi until July 2015, when he broke with Berlusconi in order to support the government led by Matteo Renzi, leader of the centre-left Democratic Party.
Identity and Action is a conservative political party in Italy, whose membership stretches from Christian democracy to liberal conservatism.
Popular Alternative is a Christian-democratic political party in Italy that was founded on 18 March 2017 after the dissolution of New Centre-Right (NCD), one of the two parties that emerged at the break-up of The People of Freedom. "Popular" is a reference to popolarismo, the Italian variety of Christian democracy. The party has been a member of the European People's Party (EPP) since its foundation, having inherited the membership of the NCD.