Malagasy brush warbler

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Malagasy brush warbler
Madagascar brush warblef.jpg
At Analamazaotra Reserve
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Family: Acrocephalidae
Genus: Nesillas
Species:
N. typica
Binomial name
Nesillas typica
(Hartlaub, 1860)
Subspecies [2]
  • N. t. moheliensis - Benson, 1960
  • N. t. obscura - Delacour, 1931
  • N. t. ellisii - (Schlegel & Pollen, 1868)
  • N. t. typica - (Hartlaub, 1860)
Nesillas typica distribution map.png
Distribution of Malagasy Brush Warbler
  Resident

The Malagasy brush warbler (Nesillas typica), also known as the Madagascar brush warbler, is a species of Old World warbler in the family Acrocephalidae. . The Malagasy brush warbler is a widespread species of forest undergrowth and is found primarily in both Madagascar and the Comoro Islands. The bird is typically found alone or in pairs of 2 and flies short distances due to a small wingspan. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests, subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, and subtropical or tropical moist shrubland.

Contents

Appearance

The Malagasy brush warbler is brown with contrastingly white eyebrows. Nesillas typica is an example of the genus, which is a category that ranks above species and below family. The bird has a sleek and slim body, low forehead and crown (raised to form a slight crest), and shorter sized bird. The Malagasy brush warbler's wings are short and rounded. Males' wing spans range from 62-70mm while females range from 58-67mm. The tails are long and graduated: males range from 72-93mm while females are 67-83mm. In relation to the rest of its body, its bill is long and brown with the forehead and crown being relatively low.

Diet

The Malagasy brush warbler scavenges for food low to the ground in bushes and thick shrubs. These birds walk and hop to find food. The diet of the Malagasy brush warbler includes insects such as spiders, cockroaches, beetles, tree bugs, bees, and other tree/bush insects in Madagascar. They typically fly from bushes to sticks 3m or less to the ground or sometimes hop on sticks and bushes on the ground. The Malagasy brush warbler eats alone or in pairs of 2 for a vast majority of the time when searching for food.

Nest

The birds' nests in Madagascar are built 0.2-0.6 meters above the ground in a thick bush or grass tuft. Nests are made of woven dry grasses and lined with a softer material such as flower petals. Small twigs and threads from caterpillar cocoons are added to the outside of the nest as well.  Nests found in Madagascar are 110 millimeters wide by 110 millimeters deep while nests on Anjouan have an external width dimension of 80-90 millimeters. The bird's clutch size is two eggs per nest.

In Eastern Madagascar, the Malagasy brush warbler breeds from the months of July to December, primarily from September to November. On the island of Mohéli, the breeding season lasts from September to January. This is dependent on the males' breeding conditions in September and can impact the breeding season of the Malagasy brush warbler.

Distribution and Habitat

The Malagasy brush warbler is distributed in eastern and northern Madagascar and the Comoro Islands. They inhabit the primary and degraded forests of Madagascar on calcareous substrates and gardens at all elevations. In the Comoro Islands, the bird is exclusively found in forested ridges above 400 meters among the dense evergreens of Mohéli. They are also found in a variety of habitats on the neighboring island of Anjouan in the dense undergrowth of forests, plantations, coastal thickets, and wetlands.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Geography of the Comoros</span>

The Comoros archipelago consists of four main islands aligned along a northwest–southeast axis at the north end of the Mozambique Channel, between Mozambique and the island of Madagascar. Still widely known by their French names, the islands officially have been called by their Swahili names by the Comorian government. They are Grande Comore (Njazidja), Mohéli (Mwali), Anjouan (Nzwani), and Mayotte (Mahoré). The islands' distance from each other—Grande Comore is some 200 kilometers from Mayotte, forty kilometers from Mohéli, and eighty kilometers from Anjouan—along with a lack of good harbor facilities, make transportation and communication difficult. Comoros are sunny islands.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mohéli</span> Island in Comoros

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Acrocephalidae</span> Family of birds

The Acrocephalidae are a family of oscine passerine birds, in the superfamily Sylvioidea.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Grande Comore brush warbler</span> Species of bird

The Grande Comore brush warbler is a species of Old World warbler in the family Acrocephalidae. It is found in Comoros and Mayotte. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.

<i>Nesillas</i> Genus of birds

Nesillas is a genus of Old World warbler in the family Acrocephalidae. Established by Harry Church Oberholser in 1899, it contains the following species:

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Anjouan brush warbler</span> Species of bird

The Anjouan brush warbler is a species of Old World warbler in the family Acrocephalidae. Clements lumps this bird into the Malagasy brush warbler N. typica. This is supported by the IUCN, whereas the IOC recognizes it as a valid species. It is endemic to the Comoros and Mayotte.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Moheli brush warbler</span> Species of bird

The Moheli brush warbler is a species of Old World warbler in the family Acrocephalidae. It is found only in Comoros. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Madagascar sparrowhawk</span> Species of bird

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Malagasy coucal</span> Species of bird

The Malagasy coucal or Madagascar coucal is a species of cuckoo in the family Cuculidae. It is found in Madagascar and in the Seychelles, where it occurs on Aldabra and was formerly present on Assumption Island and Cosmoledo. Its natural habitats are dense vegetation in subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, mangrove forests, rough grassland, marshes and reedbeds.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Coquerel's coua</span> Species of bird

Coquerel's coua is a species of cuckoo in the family Cuculidae. It is endemic to Madagascar. Its habitat is subtropical or tropical dry forests. It was named in 1867 by the French naturalist Alfred Grandidier in honor of the French navy surgeon and naturalist Charles Coquerel.

The Grande Comore bulbul is a species of songbird in the bulbul family, Pycnonotidae. It is found on the Comoro Islands. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests. Until 2011, the Moheli bulbul was considered as a subspecies of the Grand Comoro bulbul. Alternative names for the Grande Comore bulbul include the Comoro bulbul and Grand Comoro black bulbul.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Crested drongo</span> Species of bird

The crested drongo is a passerine bird in the family Dicruridae. It is black with a bluish-green sheen, a distinctive crest on the forehead and a forked tail. There are two subspecies; D. f. forficatus is endemic to Madagascar and D. f. potior, which is larger, is found on the Comoro Islands. Its habitat is lowland forests, both dry and humid, and open savannah country. It is a common bird and the IUCN has listed it as "least concern".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sakalava weaver</span> Species of bird

The Sakalava weaver sometimes known as the Sakalava fody is a species of bird in the family Ploceidae. It is endemic to Madagascar. The bird is 15 cm (5.9 in) long and weighs 20–28 g (0.71–0.99 oz).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Malagasy paradise flycatcher</span> Species of bird

The Malagasy paradise flycatcher is a species of bird in the family Monarchidae. It is found in Comoros, Madagascar, and Mayotte. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forest and subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Malagasy white-eye</span> Species of bird

The Malagasy white-eye is a species of bird in the white-eye family, Zosteropidae. Found in Madagascar and Seychelles, its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests, subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical mangrove forests, and subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Comoros forests</span> Ecoregion in the Comoros islands

The Comoros forests is a terrestrial ecoregion which covers the Comoro Islands, which lie in the Mozambique Channel between Madagascar and East Africa. These include four main islands: Grande Comore, Anjouan and Mohéli, of the Union of the Comoros, and Mayotte, a department and region of France.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mohéli National Park</span> National park in the Comoros

Mohéli National Park is a national park in the Comoros. It includes marine, coastal, and terrestrial areas on and around the island of Mohéli. The park has an area of 643.62 km2. Established as Mohéli Marine Park on 19 April 2001, it was first protected area in the Comoros. It was redesignated a national park in 2010. In 2015 the park was expanded to include about three-quarters of Mohéli's terrestrial area. It is the southernmost territory of the southernmost Arabic-speaking country.

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References

[3] [4]

  1. ↑ BirdLife International (2016). "Nesillas typica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T103778700A94421977. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T103778700A94421977.en . Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  2. ↑ Gill F, D Donsker & P Rasmussen (Eds). 2020. IOC World Bird List (v10.2). doi : 10.14344/IOC.ML.10.2.
  3. ↑ Kirwan, Guy M.; Pearson, David (2022). "Malagasy Brush-Warbler (Nesillas typica), version 1.0". Birds of the World. doi:10.2173/bow.malbrw1.01species_shared.bow.project_name. ISSN   2771-3105.
  4. ↑ "Malagasy Brush-Warbler - eBird". ebird.org. Retrieved 2024-10-16.


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