Marcos mansions

Last updated

The term "Marcos mansions" [1] refers to at least 50 upscale residences in the Philippines of the family of President Ferdinand Marcos. [2] [3] These are aside from the various overseas landholdings of the Marcos family, which are spread around the world. The Supreme Court of the Philippines considers these landholdings as part of the "ill-gotten wealth" of the Marcos family, based on the definitions set forth in Republic Act No. 1379, which had been passed in 1955. [4]

Contents

Background

The Supreme Court's interpretation of R.A. 1379 says that property acquired by a public officer or employee which is "manifestly out of proportion to his salary as such public officer and to his other lawful income" is "presumed prima facie to have been unlawfully acquired." [4] The bulk of the assets of the Marcoses, including the Marcos jewels, were treated as "ill gotten" in a 2012 decision which specified that "according to the Official Report of the Minister of Budget, the total salaries of former President Marcos as President from 1966 to 1976 was ₱60,000 a year and from 1977 to 1985, ₱100,000 a year; while that of the former First Lady, Imelda R. Marcos, as Minister of Human Settlements from June 1976 to February 22–25, 1986, was ₱75,000 a year" [4] – about $304,372. [5] The PCGG in its reports would state that the lawful tax declared income of the Marcos couple only amounted from 1960 to 1984 would only amount to PhP 8,148,289.42. [6]

Along with the Marcos jewels, their overseas landholdings, art collection, and Imelda Marcos's shoe hoard, the Marcos mansions are frequently cited to illustrate the Marcos family's wanton spending during the dictatorship. Because the estimated cost of these mansions is much more than the income recorded in Marcos’ sworn statement of assets and liabilities (SALN), the number, size, and opulence of these mansions is interpreted by the Philippine government as prima facie evidence [7] that the Marcoses plundered the Philippine economy.

Some of these properties are titled in the name of Marcos family members, but others are titled in the name of identified “Marcos cronies,” but reserved for the use of the Marcos family. [1] In some cases, several such mansions were located close together, with specific mansions meant for individual members of the family, as was the case of the Marcos mansions on Outlook Drive in Baguio. [8] Many of the Marcos mansions were sequestered by the Philippine government when the Marcoses were expelled from the country as a result of the 1986 EDSA Revolution. [2]

In 2009, Imelda Marcos filed graft charges against PCGG for "illegally confiscating" their family's assets. In question were more than 197 individual certificate of titles within the country, totaling 17,405,984 sq. meters. [9]

Locations

The Malacanang of the North The Malacanang of the North.jpg
The Malacañang of the North

Locations of houses considered "Marcos mansions" include [10] properties in Baguio, [8] in the Ilocos region where the Marcoses trace their ancestry, Leyte where Imelda Marcos's family came from, [11] and throughout the Greater Manila Area and its outskirts. [12]

Baguio properties

Among roughly 50 Marcos mansions scattered throughout the Philippines, the nine properties located in Baguio are among the most commonly covered by media reports, because of their reported opulence and because of their closeness to each other and to major tourist attractions: [2] including Mines View Park, Wright Park, and the Baguio mansion house which was constructed in the early 1900s to be the summer residence of the Philippine head of state. Four of these houses occupy roughly 5 hectares of land on Outlook Drive, just across from the mansion, and were each designated for a member of the Marcos family; the "Wigwam house compound" for Bongbong Marcos, the "Fairmont house compound for Imee Marcos, the "Hans Menzi house compound" for Irene Marcos, and a fourth house for Ferdinand Marcos's mother, Doña Josefa Edralin Marcos. [2] [8]

Located on the same road is a two-story house called the "Lualhati residence", whose title was held by Marcos crony, Jose Y. Campos, on behalf of the Marcoses. Another property, the Banaue Inn compound, is located just behind the Campos house. [2]

Metro Manila properties

Closer to the main seat of power, Marcos mansions were located in Makati, Parañaque, Manila, and San Juan. Houses were once again designated for each of the three Marcos children: a residence in Seaside subdivision, Parañaque was designated for Bongbong Marcos, [13] [2] one in Wack-Wack, Mandaluyong was designated for Imee Marcos, [2] while a house in Forbes Park, Makati, was designated for Irene Marcos. [2]

Marcos mansions in other provinces

Other locations where Marcos mansions were built include several in Ilocos Norte and Leyte, the home provinces of Ferdinand and Imelda Marcos respectively; and in Mariveles, Bataan, and in Cavite.

Particularly notable is the Malacañang of the North mansion in Paoay, Ilocos Norte, which was built by the Philippine Tourism Authority (PTA) in 1977, in time for Ferdinand Marcos's 60th birthday. The Sandiganbayan anti-graft court stripped the Marcoses of the property in 2014, voiding a 1978 agreement between Marcos and the then PTA, deciding that since it is a national park, the Marcos family had no legal rights over it since national parks are "inalienable public domain". [14] Bongbong Marcos objected to the decision, saying the property was owned by the family. [15]

In Tolosa, Leyte, a muti-million dollar seaside resort was constructed in 1974, in time for the Marcoses to entertain participants of the 1974 Miss Universe beauty contest, which was being held in the Philippines that year. [2] The property was severely damaged by Typhoon Haiyan in 2013. [16]

A different mansion, in Tacloban, is noted for having been the former site of the "impoverished quonset hut" which was Imelda Marcos's childhood home. [2] When her husband became president of the Philippines, Imelda transformed the site into a 2000 square meter mansion with a shrine to the Santo Niño and a museum, which has since been dubbed the "Santo Niño Shrine and Heritage Museum". [11] The site was less damaged by Typhoon Haiyan than the Olot mansion was, but still sustained at least PhP20 million worth of damages. The Philippine Commission on Good Government, which had sequestered the property, decided to repair the site since it had been converted to a tourist site which was a major money-earner for Leyte. [11]

There is also what is known as the Marcos Twin Mansion built by Imelda Marcos in Casile, Calamba, on the property donated by Jose Yulo, for their 25th Wedding Anniversary. [17] Ferdinand Marcos in turn gifted Imelda with 25 gold bullions.

Ferdinand Marcos also expropriated Talaga Beach in Mariveles, Bataan for his family's exclusive use. The beach estate sequestered by the PCGG. [18] [19]

Use of government money for construction and maintenance

Verification by the Philippine government's Commission on Audit after the ouster of the Marcos family revealed that the construction, renovation, and maintenance of these various houses were paid for by the Philippine government through the office of the President. Maintenance and upkeep alone cost at least US$3.2 million in 1984 and US$10.5 million in 1985, all at prevailing exchange rates and not yet adjusted for inflation. [2]

According to the calculations of author Ricardo Manapat, this would have been sufficient to feed "a small town of 48,000 people," or "8,000 starving families of 6" for a year. [2]

List of current & former properties owned by the Marcos clan

PropertyAddressSizeProperty valuePersonalityDate acquiredNotesCoordinates
San Juan Residence [20] [21] 204 Mariano Marcos Street, Maytunas, San Juan, Metro Manila 1,993 m2 (21,450 sq ft) [22] PhP 111 million (2003) [22] Ferdinand MarcosAugust 1951 [22] Acquired during Ferdinand Marcos's term as congressman. Currently used by Imee Marcos as her registered address. [23] Location was originally named Ortega Street. Joseph Estrada, during his term as mayor of San Juan, endorsed this to the city council for the renaming as Mariano Marcos Street. [24] 14°35′41.4666″N121°2′13.1208″E / 14.594851833°N 121.036978000°E / 14.594851833; 121.036978000
P. Guevarra House and Lot [20] [21] 362 P. Guevarra Street corner Maude Street, Maytunas, San Juan, Metro Manila864 m2 (9,300 sq ft)Ferdinand Marcos, Imelda MarcosCurrently used by Imee Marcos as the official address of her media outfit, Creative Media and Film Society of the Philippines. 14°35′38.7486″N121°2′13.3398″E / 14.594096833°N 121.037038833°E / 14.594096833; 121.037038833
C.M. Recto Mansion [20] [21] C. M. Recto Street corner Mariano Marcos Street, Maytunas, San Juan, Metro Manila932 m2 (10,030 sq ft)Ferdinand Marcos, Imelda Marcos 14°35′43.5408″N121°2′11.9508″E / 14.595428000°N 121.036653000°E / 14.595428000; 121.036653000
Pacific Plaza Penthouse [25] [26] 34/F, Pacific Plaza Tower, 4th Avenue, West Crescent Park, Bonifacio Global City, Taguig, Metro ManilaImelda MarcosCurrent residence of Imelda Marcos 14°32′50.3766″N121°2′42.0216″E / 14.547326833°N 121.045006000°E / 14.547326833; 121.045006000
Seaside [22] Arias Compound and Vilmar Court, Quirino Avenue, Tambo, Parañaque 3,269 m2 (35,190 sq ft)Bongbong MarcosSeptember 1977 14°30′36″N120°59′34″E / 14.509961939836911°N 120.99270020974846°E / 14.509961939836911; 120.99270020974846
IRC Mapalad Property Roxas Boulevard, Tambo, Parañaque 4,038 m2 (43,460 sq ft)PhP 278,622,000 (2012)Jose Campos Yao 14°31′22″N120°59′39″E / 14.522813645808451°N 120.9943020745396°E / 14.522813645808451; 120.9943020745396
International School of Manila Property [22] Kalayaan Avenue, Makati 4.5 ha (11 acres)PhP 1.9 billion (2003) 14°33′56″N121°01′42″E / 14.565629583480597°N 121.02825105200277°E / 14.565629583480597; 121.02825105200277
Wack-Wack House & LotWack-Wack Village, Wack Wack-Greenhills, Mandaluyong PhP 127 million (2011) [27] Imee Marcos, Tomas Manotoc [28] 1983The PCGG sold the property in 2011
Forbes Park [29] 52 McKinley Road, Forbes Park, MakatiIrene Marcos, Gregorio Maria Araneta II 14°32′53″N121°02′01″E / 14.548128200889433°N 121.03360269128781°E / 14.548128200889433; 121.03360269128781
Dasmariñas Village Dasmariñas Village, MakatiPhP 200 million (1994) [27] Ferdinand Marcos, Jose Campos Yao
BF Homes Parañaque BF Homes Parañaque Bongbong Marcos 14°26′24″N121°01′04″E / 14.439927161330006°N 121.01785015387183°E / 14.439927161330006; 121.01785015387183
IRC San Isidro AntipoloSan Isidro, Antipolo PhP 27.6 million (1995) [27] Ferdinand Marcos, Jose Campos YaoSold by the PCGG in 1995.
IRC Antipolo – Victoria ValleyVictoria Valley Subdivision, AntipoloP32.3 million (1996)Ferdinand Marcos, Jose Campos YaoSold by the PCGG in 1996.
Malacañang of the North [14] [15] Paoay, Ilocos Norte57 ha [30] Ferdinand Marcos1977Built for Ferdinand Marcos's 60th birthday by the Philippine Tourism Authority. [31] 18°07′41″N120°32′24″E / 18.12815°N 120.53992°E / 18.12815; 120.53992
Currimao Property [22] Currimao, Ilocos NortePhP 1,426,710 [22] Ferdinand Marcos
Marcos House [32] 44 Outlook Drive, BaguioFerdinand Marcos, Imelda Marcos 16°24′54″N120°37′35″E / 16.41499194940543°N 120.62644105555508°E / 16.41499194940543; 120.62644105555508
Hans Menzi EstateOutlook Drive, Baguio3,875.57 m2 (41,716.3 sq ft) [33] PhP 37,245,850.00 (2012) [33] Irene MarcosThe PCGG sold the property for PhP 93 million in 2012. [34] [27] Currently, the property hosts the Outlook Steak & Grill and the Grand Sierra Pines Baguio. 16°24′55″N120°37′33″E / 16.415178187433714°N 120.62572176400255°E / 16.415178187433714; 120.62572176400255
Wigwam Compound [35] Outlook Drive, Baguio1,146 ha (2,830 acres) [33] Bongbong Marcos 16°24′51″N120°37′31″E / 16.414230015974063°N 120.62537903245165°E / 16.414230015974063; 120.62537903245165
Fairmont House CompoundOutlook Drive, BaguioImee Marcos
Banaue Inn Compound [33] Outlook Drive, Baguio2,677 m2 (28,810 sq ft) [33]
Lualhati Residence / J.Y. Campos PropertyOutlook Drive, BaguioPhP 160 million (2014) [27] Ferdinand Marcos, Jose Y. CamposThe PCGG sold property in 2014
Talaga BeachMariveles, Bataan129.4 ha (320 acres) [9] [36] Ferdinand Marcos, Anchor Estate Inc. [9] 14°25′00″N120°29′24″E / 14.416642057470357°N 120.4900539188681°E / 14.416642057470357; 120.4900539188681
Marcos Twin MansionYulo Estate, CabuyaoFerdinand Marcos, Imelda Marcos1979 14°12′12″N121°2′31″E / 14.20333°N 121.04194°E / 14.20333; 121.04194
PJI Beach [37] Mabini, Batangas
Calauit Island [38] [39] (UNCTAD V, the next session, would be held in Manila three years later, in 1979. [40] ) Calauit Island, Palawan 3,700 ha (9,100 acres)Ferdinand Marcos, Bongbong Marcos1976 12°16′46″N119°52′56″E / 12.279393445064207°N 119.88212512725926°E / 12.279393445064207; 119.88212512725926
Olot Estate [41] [42] [43] Tolosa, Leyte42 ha (100 acres) [44] Imelda Marcos1974 11°4′15.5604″N125°2′12.4218″E / 11.070989000°N 125.036783833°E / 11.070989000; 125.036783833
Santo Niño ShrineTaclobanImelda Marcos 14°30′36″N120°59′34″E / 14.509961939836911°N 120.99270020974846°E / 14.509961939836911; 120.99270020974846

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Imelda Marcos</span> First Lady of the Philippines from 1965 to 1986

Imelda Romuáldez Marcos is a Filipino politician who was First Lady of the Philippines from 1965 to 1986, wielding significant political power after her husband Ferdinand Marcos placed the country under martial law in September 1972. She is the mother of current president Bongbong Marcos.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bongbong Marcos</span> President of the Philippines since 2022

Ferdinand "Bongbong" Romualdez Marcos Jr., commonly referred to by the initials PBBM or BBM, is a Filipino politician who is the 17th and current President of the Philippines. He previously served as a senator from 2010 to 2016. He is the second child and only son of tenth President, kleptocrat and dictator Ferdinand Marcos and former First Lady Imelda Marcos.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Imee Marcos</span> Filipina politician and former actress (born 1955)

Maria Imelda Josefa Remedios "Imee" Romualdez Marcos is a Filipina politician and former actress serving as a Senator since 2019. She is the daughter of Ferdinand Marcos and former first lady Imelda Marcos and the older sister of the current president, Bongbong Marcos. She previously served as governor of Ilocos Norte from 2010 to 2019 and as representative of Ilocos Norte's 2nd district from 1998 to 2007.

Metrowalk is a small but major commercial hub in Pasig in the Philippines. It is located on a 5,000 square meters (54,000 sq ft) parcel of land at the junction of Ortigas and Meralco Avenues in the Ortigas Center central business district of the metro.

"Operation Big Bird" was the attempt of the Philippine Government during the presidency of Corazon Aquino to recover the alleged US$7.5 billion of hidden accounts and assets of President Ferdinand Marcos and his family in the Swiss banks. Conceived by Philippine banker Michael de Guzman, it commenced shortly after Marcos was forced into asylum in the United States. Initially, Operation Big Bird did not recover any money with two differing reports by Representative Victorio Chaves and Senator Jovito Salonga. Chaves laid the blame upon Salonga, Solicitor-General Sedfrey Ordoñez and the Swiss bank lawyers. Salonga countered that Ordoñez had prevented the Philippine government from losing a large sum of money. Evidence suggests that de Guzman acted in good faith on behalf of the new government but that a double cross may have been present.

The Presidential Commission on Good Government (PCGG) is a quasi-judicial government agency of the Philippines whose primary mandate is to recover the ill-gotten wealth accumulated by Ferdinand Marcos, his immediate family, relatives, subordinates and close associates, whether located in the Philippines or abroad. It was created by President Corazon Aquino shortly after she was sworn in as president in the aftermath of the 1986 People Power revolution. In addition to recovering the Marcos wealth, it is also tasked with investigating other cases of graft and corruption; and instituting of corruption prevention measures.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Solid North</span> Voting bloc in the Philippines

The Solid North refers to the regional voting bloc of the northern provinces of the Philippines for politicians of Ilocano descent, more particularly the Marcos family and their allies, and also economic issues affecting the Ilocanos in general such as the tobacco industry. Often included in Solid North are the provinces in the Ilocos Region, Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR), and Cagayan Valley. The regions are considered to be a conservative/right-wing bastion for the country.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bust of Ferdinand Marcos</span> Destroyed Ferdinand Marcos monument in Benguet, Philippines

The bust of Ferdinand Marcos along the Aspiras–Palispis Highway in Tuba, Benguet, Philippines, was a 30-meter (98 ft) concrete monument of former Philippine President, dictator and kleptocrat Ferdinand Marcos. The monument became a subject of controversy as its construction displaced indigenous Ibaloi residents in the sparsely populated area, and Ibaloi residents were reportedly forced to sell their ancestral land at very low prices. The monument was destroyed in December 2002, with the New People's Army, the armed wing of the Communist Party of the Philippines, taking credit for its destruction.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Malacañang of the North</span>

The Malacañang of the North is a presidential museum in Paoay, Ilocos Norte, Philippines. It was the residence of the family of Ferdinand Marcos when he was the President of the Philippines.

Philippine Communications Satellite Corporation (PHILCOMSAT) is a telecommunications company based in Makati, Metro Manila, Philippines. Its main teleport is in the province of Rizal.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Antonio Floirendo Sr.</span> Filipino businessman known as Banana King

Antonio Floirendo, Sr. was a Filipino entrepreneur and landowner whose main business was his 6000-hectare banana plantation in Panabo, Davao del Norte, Philippines, earning him the title as the "banana king" during the dictatorship of Ferdinand Marcos. He was among a group of close associates of Philippine President Ferdinand Marcos referred to in media as "Marcos cronies", having benefitted from his close association with Marcos. The Marcos mansion at 2442 Makiki Heights Drive in Honolulu, Hawaii, in which Marcos spent the last years of his life in exile, was registered under the name of Floirendo Sr.

Rodolfo Cuenca, sometimes known by his nickname, Rudy Cuenca, was a Filipino businessman best known as the chairman of the Construction and Development Corporation of the Philippines (CDCP), which is known today as the Philippine National Construction Corporation. He was a close associate of Ferdinand Marcos, and was noted not to be embarrassed by "his much-criticized close association with Marcos and his being tagged as a crony."

Certain associates of former Philippine President Ferdinand Marcos, historically referred to using the catchphrase "Marcos cronies", benefited from their friendship with Marcos – whether in terms of legal assistance, political favors, or facilitation of business monopolies, during his administration. Marcos critics, and the local and international press began referring to these individuals as "cronies" during the latter days of the Marcos dictatorship, and the Philippine government – especially the Presidential Commission on Good Government (PCGG) – continued using the term after the ouster of Marcos in 1986.

Jose Yao Campos, also known by his Chinese name Yao Cho Liat, was a Filipino businessman best known as the founder of the United Laboratories (Unilab). He became an early supporter of Philippine president Ferdinand Marcos, who tapped him as a "financial advisor." In 1986, the Presidential Commission on Good Government (PCGG) cited him for having served as a "front man" for various "ill-gotten" wealth, including $52.5 million of real estate representing the most prominent Marcos Mansions. He became the first of the Marcos cronies to make a deal with the PCGG in exchange for immunity from suit. By the time he died in 2006, his family had become one of the Philippines' most powerful business clans, with Unilab helmed by his firstborn, Joy Campos Hess and her son, Clinton Hess. His eldest son Joselito Campos founded the food company NutriAsia and acquired in Del Monte Philippines and Del Monte Pacific; and his youngest child Jeffrey Campos running Greenfields Development Corporation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Marcos family</span> Filipino political family

The Marcos family is a political family in the Philippines. They have established themselves in the country's politics, having established a political dynasty that traces its beginnings to the 1925 election of Mariano Marcos to the Philippine House of Representatives as congressman for the second district of Ilocos Norte; reached its peak during the 21-year rule of Ferdinand Marcos as president of the Philippines that included his 14-year dictatorship beginning with the declaration of Martial Law throughout the country; and continues today with the political careers of Imelda Marcos, Imee Marcos, Sandro Marcos and reached a fresh political apex with the presidency of Bongbong Marcos.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Marcos jewels</span> Jewelry collection

The Marcos jewels generally refers to the jewelry collection of the Marcos family – most famously that of former First Lady Imelda Marcos. However, it also specifically refers to three collections of jewelry which were recovered by the Presidential Commission on Good Government (PCGG) in 1986, which the Philippine Supreme Court had ruled to be part of the Marcoses' unlawful wealth.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Overseas landholdings of the Marcos family</span>

The overseas landholdings of the Marcos family, which the Philippine government and the United Nations System's Stolen Asset Recovery Initiative consider part of the $5 billion to $13 billion "ill-gotten wealth" of Ferdinand and Imelda Marcos, are said to be distributed worldwide in places including California, Washington, New York, Rome, Vienna, Australia, Antilles, the Netherlands, Hong Kong, Switzerland and Singapore. These are aside from the fifty-or-so Marcos mansions acquired by the Marcos family within the Philippines itself.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Unexplained wealth of the Marcos family</span>

The Marcos family, a political family in the Philippines, owns various assets that Philippine courts have determined to have been acquired through illicit means during the presidency of Ferdinand Marcos from 1965–1986. These assets are referred to using several terms, including "ill-gotten wealth" and "unexplained wealth," while some authors such as Belinda Aquino and Philippine Senator Jovito Salonga more bluntly refer to it as the "Marcos Plunder".

Historical distortion regarding Ferdinand Marcos is a political phenomenon in the Philippines. Ferdinand Marcos was the country's president between 1965 and 1986. Distortion, falsification, or whitewashing of the historical record regarding this period, sometimes referred to using the phrases "historical denialism", "historical negationism", or "historical revisionism" as a euphemism for negationism, is an academically documented phenomenon linked to the return of Marcos' immediate family and political allies to government positions, as well as the hero's burial of Marcos himself in 2016. It continues Marcos' own efforts to create a cult of personality for himself, which in itself involved various forms of historical distortion.

<i>Martyr or Murderer</i> 2023 Filipino film by Darryl Yap

Martyr or Murderer is a 2023 Filipino family period drama film based on a fictionalized account of how Ferdinand Marcos was accused of being responsible for the assassination of Ninoy Aquino. Produced and distributed by Viva Films, it is the second installment film by Darryl Yap about the Marcoses after Maid in Malacañang (2022). Directed and written by Yap and produced by Vincent del Rosario III and Veronique del Rosario-Corpus, the film features Cesar Montano, Cristine Reyes, Diego Loyzaga, Ella Cruz and Ruffa Gutierrez reprising their roles, along with Isko Moreno, Marco Gumabao, Jerome Ponce, Cindy Miranda, Sachzna Laparan, Elizabeth Oropesa and Beverly Salviejo.

References

  1. 1 2 Dumlao, Artemio (January 28, 2012). "Marcos mansions rotting". The Philippine Star. Retrieved May 4, 2018.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Ricardo., Manapat (1991). Some are smarter than others : the history of Marcos' crony capitalism. New York: Aletheia Publications. ISBN   9719128704. OCLC   28428684.
  3. ↑ Garcia, Myles (2016). Thirty Years Later... Catching Up with the Marcos-Era Crimes. ISBN   9781456626501.
  4. 1 2 3 IMELDA ROMUALDEZ-MARCOS, vs. REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES, G.R. No. 189505 (Supreme Court of the PhilippinesApril 25, 2012).
  5. ↑ Buan, Lian. "SC affirms forfeiture of Imelda Marcos' 3rd jewelry set". Archived from the original on July 26, 2020. Retrieved July 26, 2020.
  6. ↑ "PCGG Accomplishment Report 2019" (PDF). PCGG. PCGG. Retrieved June 8, 2021.
  7. ↑ "Republic Act No 1379" (PDF).
  8. 1 2 3 Alegre, Ace (September 30, 2006). "Marcos Mansions in Baguio: Future Tourism Sites?". Bulatlat. Retrieved May 4, 2018.
  9. 1 2 3 "Imelda Marcos files graft case vs PCGG". ABS-CBN News. February 11, 2009. Retrieved June 8, 2021.
  10. ↑ Henares, Larry (2014). Kiss and Bite.
  11. 1 2 3 Gabieta, Joey A. (July 18, 2015). "Imelda's ex-summer mansion gets P20M for repair". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved May 6, 2018.
  12. ↑ "Court orders forfeiture of Bugarin properties". GMA News Online. Retrieved May 6, 2018.
  13. ↑ Dizon, Nikko (June 11, 2003). "Marcos lots for sale: No takers | Philstar.com". The Philippine Star. Retrieved May 7, 2018.
  14. 1 2 "Marcoses lose Paoay property". Rappler. April 23, 2014. Retrieved March 24, 2017.
  15. 1 2 "Paoay property is ours – Bongbong Marcos". Rappler. January 16, 2014. Retrieved March 24, 2017.
  16. ↑ Ramos, Marlon (November 19, 2013). "Supertyphoon 'Yolanda' destroys Imelda Marcos mansion" . Retrieved May 7, 2018.
  17. ↑ Requejo, Rey (January 24, 2017). "Marcos heirs can't reclaim Cabuyao mansion yet—SC". Manila Standard. Retrieved June 5, 2021.
  18. ↑ Felix, Rocel (February 11, 2011). "Government set to reorganize PCGG". Philstar.com. Retrieved June 5, 2021.
  19. ↑ "Samahan ng Magsasaka at Mangingisda sa Sitio Naswe, Inc (SAMMAN), Represented by Rogelio A. Commendador vs. Tomas Tan" (PDF). Supreme Court of the Philippines (G.R. 196028). April 18, 2016. Retrieved June 5, 2021.
  20. 1 2 3 "Gov't confiscates Marcos property in San Juan". ABS-CBN News. October 27, 2011. Retrieved June 7, 2021.
  21. 1 2 3 Burgonio, T. J. (October 28, 2011). "Seizure of Imelda Marcos' San Juan assets ordered". INQUIRER.net. Retrieved June 7, 2021.
  22. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Dizon, Nikko (June 11, 2003). "Marcos lots for sale: No takers". Philstar.com. Retrieved June 7, 2021.
  23. ↑ "Imee Marcos Manotoc | ICIJ Offshore Leaks Database". offshoreleaks.icij.org. Retrieved June 10, 2021.
  24. ↑ Pasion, Patty (February 15, 2016). "San Juan's Guia Gomez endorses Bongbong Marcos for VP". Rappler. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
  25. ↑ Lamb, David (December 12, 1997). "Still a Thrilla in Manila". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved June 7, 2021.
  26. ↑ Tully, Shaun (January 9, 2014). "My afternoon with Imelda Marcos". Fortune. Retrieved June 7, 2021.
  27. 1 2 3 4 5 Lustre, Philip (February 25, 2016). "Search for Marcos' wealth: Compromising with cronies". Rappler. Retrieved June 12, 2021.
  28. ↑ Redmond, Ron (April 10, 1983). "Marcos grandson born in secrecy". UPI. UPI. Retrieved June 19, 2021.
  29. ↑ "#52 MCKINLEY ROAD; FORBES PARK; MAKATI | ICIJ Offshore Leaks Database". offshoreleaks.icij.org. Retrieved June 10, 2021.
  30. ↑ "Keeping Up with the Marcoses: Money, Fame and Fortune". Martial Law Museum. Retrieved June 7, 2021.
  31. ↑ Arzadon, Cristina (October 12, 2012). "Bringing back the grandeur of Malacañang ti Amianan". Cebu Daily News. Retrieved March 24, 2017.
  32. ↑ Alegre, Ace (September 24, 2006). "Bulatlat - The Philippines's alternative weekly magazine". www.bulatlat.com. Retrieved June 10, 2021.
  33. 1 2 3 4 5 Valenzuela, Lara Cerys; Cabreza, Vincent (January 29, 2012). "Marcos Baguio mansions up for auction again". INQUIRER.net. Retrieved June 7, 2021.
  34. ↑ Ronda, Rainier Allan (April 26, 2012). "PCGG sells Menzi property for P93 million". Philstar.com. Retrieved June 10, 2021.
  35. ↑ Polonio, Jessa Mardy (January 21, 2016). "Marcos property up for auction". Sunstar. Retrieved June 10, 2021.
  36. ↑ "G.R. No. 196028". Supreme Court of the Philippines. April 18, 2016. Retrieved June 8, 2021.
  37. ↑ "PCGG Year End Accomplishment Report 2016" (PDF). Presidential Commission on Good Government. Retrieved June 7, 2021.
  38. ↑ Sta. Maria, E. A. (January 31, 2020). "Sold at P52.6 M! Anita Magsaysay-Ho's painting of women with baskets is auction's brightest star". ABS-CBN News. Retrieved June 8, 2021.
  39. ↑ "How a Patch of the Kenyan Wild Ended up in Philippines - Owaahh". Owaahh. August 21, 2014. Retrieved March 26, 2018.
  40. ↑ "UNCTAD Conferences". unctad.org. Archived from the original on June 26, 2012. Retrieved November 12, 2019.
  41. ↑ "Olot Mansion". Travel and Tour Guide | Tolosa Wonders. Retrieved June 7, 2021.
  42. ↑ "THROWBACK: Miss Universe 1974 winners visit Imelda's Leyte beach house". ABS-CBN News. January 18, 2017. Retrieved June 7, 2021.
  43. ↑ "G.R. No. 155832". lawphil.net. Retrieved June 12, 2021.
  44. ↑ "G.R. No. 155832 : December 7, 2010 REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES, Petitioner, v. SANDIGANBAYAN (Fourth Division) and IMELDA R. MARCOS, Respondents. : December 2010 - Philipppine Supreme Court Decisions". www.chanrobles.com. Supreme Court of the Philippines. Retrieved June 7, 2021.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.