Citrus is a genus of flowering trees and shrubs in the rue family, Rutaceae. Plants in the genus produce citrus fruits, including important crops such as oranges, lemons, grapefruits, pomelos, and limes. The genus Citrus is native to South Asia, East Asia, Southeast Asia, Melanesia, and Australia. Various citrus species have been used and domesticated by indigenous cultures in these areas since ancient times. From there its cultivation spread into Micronesia and Polynesia by the Austronesian expansion ; and to the Middle East and the Mediterranean via the incense trade route, and onwards to Europe and the Americas.
An orange is a fruit of various citrus species in the family Rutaceae ; it primarily refers to Citrus × sinensis, which is also called sweet orange, to distinguish it from the related Citrus × aurantium, referred to as bitter orange. The sweet orange reproduces asexually ; varieties of sweet orange arise through mutations.
A leaf miner is any one of numerous species of insects in which the larval stage lives in, and eats, the leaf tissue of plants. The vast majority of leaf-mining insects are moths (Lepidoptera), sawflies, and flies (Diptera). Some beetles also exhibit this behavior.
Gracillariidae is an important family of insects in the order Lepidoptera and the principal family of leaf miners that includes several economic, horticultural or recently invasive pest species such as the horse-chestnut leaf miner, Cameraria ohridella.
Aonidiella aurantii or red scale is an armored scale insect and a major pest of citrus. It is thought to be a native of South China but has been widely dispersed by the agency of man through the movement of infected plant material. In the United States it is known as California red scale. It was first found in California between 1868 and 1875, apparently brought there on planting material imported from Australia.
The juice vesicles, also known as citrus kernels, of a citrus fruit are the membranous content of the fruit's endocarp. All fruits from the Citranae subtribe, subfamily Aurantioideae, and family Rutaceae have juice vesicles. The vesicles contain the juice of the fruit and appear shiny and sacklike. Vesicles come in two shapes: the superior and inferior, and these are distinct. Citrus fruit with more vesicles generally weighs more than those with fewer vesicles. Fruits with many segments, such as the grapefruit or pomelo, have more vesicles per segment than fruits with fewer segments, such as the kumquat and mandarin. Each vesicle in a segment in citrus fruits has approximately the same shape, size, and weight. About 5% of the weight of an average orange is made up of the membranes of the juice vesicles.
Marmara is a genus of moths in the family Gracillariidae.
Marmara salictella is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from Québec in Canada and Connecticut, Maine, Vermont, Virginia, California and the Atlantic states of the United States.
Marmara guilandinella is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from Florida, United States.
Marmara isortha is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from Guyana, Brazil and India.
Marmara arbutiella is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from Canada and the United States.
Marmara auratella is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from the United States.
The apple fruitminer is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from Canada and the United States.
Marmara oregonensis is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from Oregon, United States.
Marmara opuntiella is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from Texas in the United States and from Mexico. There are records of similar larvae with identical habits from Colombia, Cuba, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Peru and Venezuela, and these may also refer to this species.
Marmara fulgidella is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from the United States.
The white pine barkminer moth is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is found in Québec, Canada, and Kentucky, Maryland, New York, Vermont and Maine in the United States.
The apple barkminer is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from Massachusetts, Connecticut, Kentucky, Maine and Virginia in the United States.
Marmara habecki is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is found in Florida, United States.
Atalantia is a genus of flowering plants in the citrus family, the Rutaceae.
