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The Chinese classics or canonical texts are the works of Chinese literature authored prior to the establishment of the imperial Qin dynasty in 221 BC. Prominent examples include the Four Books and Five Classics in the Neo-Confucian tradition,themselves an abridgment of the Thirteen Classics. The Chinese classics used a form of written Chinese consciously imitated by later authors,now known as Classical Chinese. A common Chinese word for "classic" literally means 'warp thread',in reference to the techniques by which works of this period were bound into volumes.
The Shiji,often known in English as Records of the Grand Historian or The Grand Scribe's Records,is a Chinese historical text that is the first of the Twenty-Four Histories of imperial China. It was written during the late 2nd and early 1st centuries BC by the Han dynasty historian Sima Qian,building upon work begun by his father Sima Tan. The work covers a 2,500-year period from the age of the legendary Yellow Emperor to the reign of Emperor Wu of Han in the author's own time,and describes the world as it was known to the Chinese of the Western Han dynasty.
The Classic of Poetry,also Shijing or Shih-ching,translated variously as the Book of Songs,Book of Odes,or simply known as the Odes or Poetry,is the oldest existing collection of Chinese poetry,comprising 305 works dating from the 11th to 7th centuries BC. It is one of the "Five Classics" traditionally said to have been compiled by Confucius,and has been studied and memorized by scholars in China and neighboring countries over two millennia. It is also a rich source of chengyu that are still a part of learned discourse and even everyday language in modern Chinese. Since the Qing dynasty,its rhyme patterns have also been analysed in the study of Old Chinese phonology.
Qu Yuan was a Chinese poet and aristocrat in the State of Chu during the Warring States period. He is known for his patriotism and contributions to classical poetry and verses,especially through the poems of the Chu Ci anthology:a volume of poems attributed to or considered to be inspired by his verse writing. Together with the Shi Jing,the Chu Ci is one of the two greatest collections of ancient Chinese verse. He is also remembered in connection to the supposed origin of the Dragon Boat Festival.
The Book of Han is a history of China finished in 111 CE,covering the Western,or Former Han dynasty from the first emperor in 206 BCE to the fall of Wang Mang in 23 CE. The work was composed by Ban Gu (32–92 CE),an Eastern Han court official,with the help of his sister Ban Zhao,continuing the work of their father,Ban Biao. They modelled their work on the Records of the Grand Historian,a cross-dynastic general history,but theirs was the first in this annals-biography form to cover a single dynasty. It is the best source,sometimes the only one,for many topics such as literature in this period. The Book of Han is also called the Book of the Former Han to distinguish it from the Book of the Later Han which covers the Eastern Han period (25–220 CE),and was composed in the fifth century by Fan Ye (398–445 CE).
The burning of books and burying of scholars was the purported burning of texts in 213 BCE and live burial of 460 Confucian scholars in 212 BCE ordered by Chinese emperor Qin Shi Huang. The events were alleged to have destroyed philosophical treatises of the Hundred Schools of Thought,with the goal of strengthening the official Qin governing philosophy of Legalism.
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Wolfgang Kubin is a German poet,essayist,sinologist and translator of literary works. He is the former director of the Institute for Oriental and Asian Studies at the University of Bonn,Germany. Kubin has frequently been a guest professor at universities in China,for instance at Beijing Foreign Studies University,but also in Madison,Wisconsin,and in Jerusalem. Since 1989,Kubin has been the editor of the journals ORIENTIERUNGEN:Zeitschrift zur Kultur Asiens and Minima sinica:Zeitschrift zum chinesischen Geist.
The Canon of Laws or Classic of Law is a lost legal code that has been attributed to Li Kui,a Legalist scholar and minister who lived in the State of Wei during the Warring States period of ancient China. This code has traditionally been dated to the early fourth century BCE. Still,scholars now widely consider it to be a forgery from the fifth or sixth-century CE.
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Wilt L. Idema is a Dutch scholar and Sinologist who taught at University of Leiden and Harvard University (2000–13),presently emeritus at both universities. He specializes in Chinese literature,with interests in early Chinese drama,Chinese women's literature of the premodern period,Chinese popular narrative ballads,and early development of Chinese vernacular fiction.
Liu Wu (刘武),posthumously named Prince Xiao of Liang,was a Han prince. He was a son of Emperor Wen and Empress Xiaowen,and a younger brother of Emperor Jing. He played a prominent role in the suppression of the Rebellion of the Seven Princes. He was also responsible for the assassination of the minister Yuan Ang.
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Ken-ichi Takashima is,according to the editors of the Thesaurus Linguae Sinicae,"the world's leading authority on Shang dynasty oracle bone inscriptions".
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References
- 1 2 3 4 "CV | Martin Kern". Princeton University . Retrieved July 13, 2024.
- 1 2 3 4 "Martin Kern". John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation . 2018. Retrieved July 13, 2024.
- ↑ "Kern, Martin". Katalog der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek (in German). Retrieved October 17, 2024.
- 1 2 "Martin Kern". Princeton University . Retrieved July 13, 2024.