Martin Ney

Last updated

Martin Ney
Fahndungsbild der Polizei.jpg
Sketch of Ney
Born (1970-12-12) 12 December 1970 (age 53)
Bremen, West Germany (today Germany)
Other namesThe Masked Man
The Black Man
The Hooded Man
Criminal penalty Life imprisonment
Details
Victims3–4
Span of crimes
1992–2004
CountryGermany, possibly France
Date apprehended
15 April 2011

Martin Ney (born 12 December 1970) [1] is a convicted German serial killer and sex offender.

Contents

Between 1992 and 2004, Ney murdered three German boys and has been linked to the sexual abuse of 45 others. Ney wore a mask and dark clothing when committing the crimes, leading him to be known as the Masked Man or the Black Man. [2] He carried out his offences in camps, private homes and school grounds.

After his arrest on 15 April 2011, Ney confessed to the murders of Dennis Klein, Stefan Jahr and Dennis Rostel. On 27 February 2012, he was sentenced to life imprisonment by the Stade district court for three murders and 20 cases of sexual assaults. The particular severity of Ney's crimes was noted by the court. [3]

Ney was also suspected of the murders of Jonathan Coulom in western France and Nicky Verstappen in the Netherlands. Verstappen's death has since been solved and unlinked to Ney, though he remained a suspect in the Coulom case. [4] In 2021, Ney was extradited to Nantes, France to face charges for Coulom's murder.

Crimes

In 1992, a number of acts of sexual assaults were carried out against boys, mainly in northern Germany. The attacker, Ney, always attacked at night, and was described as tall, strong, and wearing a mask. The attacks were carried out in school homes, camps and youth homes. From 1994 on, Ney began breaking into single-family homes.

Between 1992 and 2004 Ney murdered three boys in northern Germany and either sexually abused or attempted to abuse 45 others. He also remains a prime suspect in the murder of Jonathan Coulom in Loire-Atlantique, France.

School home attacks

Children's home in Hepstedt

On 3 March 1992, a student discovered a masked man in an empty dormitory of a children's home in Hepstedt. The man fled shortly afterwards through a patio door. A few days later, presumably the same man tried to sexually abuse an 11-year-old boy but fled when the boy began to scream. Between April and June 1992, a masked man was seen twice by students before one night in August, when he woke several children up by touching them inappropriately. In September, a stranger approached a boy's bed and asked him to undress. On an October night, a masked man spoke to five children, of which he then sexually abused three. After these incidents, a motion detector was installed in the school camp and the door locking system was renewed.

Schullandheim Badenstadt

In March 1992, a series of similar incidents took place in Schullandheim Badenstadt in Zeven, when a stranger tried to sexually abuse a 13-year-old at night. In August of the same year, presumably the same perpetrator snuck into a toilet occupied by a ten-year-old boy. In September 1992, the man touched a nine-year-old inappropriately, after he had carried him from his bed into an adjoining room. In May 1994, the alleged serial offender abused an 11-year-old and almost exactly one year later, he similarly abused a ten-year-old boy. In October 1995, he tried to touch a 13-year-old, but fled when he sat down close to his classmates. In June 1998, he struck in Badenstadt for the last time, when he tried to touch two boys, both of whom resisted his advances.

Schullandheim Wulsbüttel – Murder of Dennis Klein (2001)

In June 1995, an unknown man abused a ten-year-old exchange student in Wulsbüttel and fled through a room window. In July 1999, the man awoke an eight-year-old boy, took him to the house basement and sexually abused him. On 5 September 2001, nine-year-old Dennis Klein disappeared from his room at night. A mushroom picker found the boy's corpse 14 days later in dense shrubbery on a forest road between Kirchtimke and Hepstedt. [5]

Other crimes in school homes – Murders of Stefan Jahr (1992) and Jonathan Coulom (2004)

In March 1992, a teacher in the hallway of the Schullandheim Cluvenhagen saw a man carrying a drowsy boy who did not resist. When the offender noticed the teacher, he fled. In the early hours of 31 March 1992, 13-year-old Stefan Jahr disappeared from a boarding school in Scheeßel. Five weeks later, his body was found buried in the Verden dunes with his hands tied behind his back. On 7 April 2004, 11-year-old Jonathan Coulom disappeared from a school home in Saint-Brevin-les-Pins in western France. In May, his undressed and handcuffed body, which was attached to a concrete block, was found in a pond about 30 kilometres (19 mi) away. Ney is said to have been close to the scene of the crime in May 2004. [6]

Tent camp attacks – Murder of Dennis Rostel (1995)

This crime spree began in August 1992, when a masked offender sexually abused a nine-year-old and another child in a camp near Selker Noor. In July 1994, the perpetrator entered two tents, one after another, in a camp in Otterndorf and awoke seven boys aged between eight and nine, whom he touched inappropriately. At the end of August 1994, a 13-year-old boy woke up in the Selker Noor camp when a masked man began touching him. After about ten minutes, the man fled. Two days later, the man touched another 13-year-old in Selker Noor. During the night of 24 July 1995, eight-year-old Dennis Rostel disappeared from the camp. Two weeks later, German tourists found his body buried in a sand dune near Vinderup in Denmark. [7]

Family house attacks

In April 1994, a masked offender broke into several single-family houses in the Bremen area, especially in the Horn-Lehe district, and abused three boys. Though the perpetrator's approach and detail differed from his previous offenses, investigators believed that all of the crimes had been committed by the same person. Despite the insistence of parents, the police did not issue a public warning. [8]

Chronological overview of the acts

The list includes the crimes that were attributed to "the masked man" before Ney's arrest. The investigations following his arrest gave indications of further instances of abuse. Ney has denied his involvement in some of the offenses and the police have therefore been unable to conclusively prove his involvement in all cases.

DateCrime sceneOffenseComment
March 1992Children's home HepstedtTrespassingOffender was discovered and escaped unrecognized
March 1992Children's home HepstedtAttempted abuseVictims resisted
March 1992Schullandheim BadenstedtAttempted abuse
March 1992Schullandheim CluvenhagenAttempted abusePerpetrator was discovered, seized the act and escaped unrecognized
March 1992Boarding school ScheeßelMurderMurder of Stefan Jahr; corpse was discovered on 3 May 1992
August 1992Children's home HepstedtMultiple abuses
August 1992Schullandheim BadenstedtAbuse
August 1992Tent Camp Selker NoorAbuse
September 1992Schullandheim BadenstedtAbuse
September 1992Children's home HepstedtAbuse
October 1992Children's home HepstedtMultiple abuses
May 1994Schullandheim BadenstedtAbuse
July 1994Tent Camp OtterndorfMultiple abuses
August 1994Tent Camp Selker NoorAbuse
August 1994Tent Camp Selker NoorAbuse
April 1995Hostel BathroomsAbuse
May 1995Schullandheim BadenstedtAbuse
June 1995Schullandheim WulsbüttelAbuse
July 1995Tent Camp Selker NoorMurderMurder of Dennis Rostel; body was discovered on 8 August 1995.
October 1995Schullandheim BadenstedtAttempted abuseVictims resisted
June 1998Schullandheim BadenstedtAttempted multiple abusesVictims resisted
July 1999Schullandheim WulsbüttelAbuse
September 2001Schullandheim WulsbüttelMurderMurder of Dennis Klein; body was found on 19 September 2001
April 2004Schullandheim Saint-Brévin-les-Pins, FRMurderMurder of Jonathan Coulom; corpse was found on 19 May 2004

Investigation

In connection to the murder of Dennis Klein, a special commission was formed by the Verden an der Aller police (nicknamed SoKo "Dennis"). The special commission aimed to fit the offenses into a narrower context before assigning them to an alleged perpetrator based on witness testimonies and similarities between the crimes, which might also lead to the discovery of new cases of abuse. [9] The Bavarian Landeskriminalamt supported SoKo "Dennis" by creating offender profiling. [10]

Offender description

According to a case analysis by Alexander Horn, the offender was characterized as a German-speaking man between the ages of 30 and 50, who was noticeably tall, sturdy of build and had a deep voice. He was supposedly knowledgeable of northern Germany, in particular the area around Bremen, and possibly lived there. [5] He had likely had a connection to the areas around Hepstedt and Badenstedt in the early 1990s. [11]

During his crimes, the man wore dark clothes, a mask and a pair of gloves, and managed to intimidate young children. Initially described as athletic, the perpetrator put on weight over the years. He travelled mostly by car and seemed to have previous experience around children. He likely lived alone and was socially integrated, but had pedophilic tendencies towards young boys, a fact that had been possibly noticed by his family and close friends.

Investigators noted the perpetrator's willingness to take risks, as he had exposed himself to many crime scenes with a high possibility of discovery. For example, he had transported the three German murder victims over long distances by car, and in the case of Dennis Rostel, more than 250 kilometres (160 mi) over the guarded border between Denmark and Germany. Nevertheless, he left few traces. Investigators theorized that the offender was of above-average intelligence, planned his actions carefully in advance and carried them out in a familiar environment.

According to criminologist Stephan Harbort, the perpetrator was classified as extremely dangerous: '"This is a person with high levels of methodicalness. He is able to gain the trust of children. Those who have the discipline to do so for twelve years have reached a stage where there is no longer any inhibition to kill. Such a person no longer kills just children. As a banal quarrel with any ordinary person can be enough to commit murder." [12]

Search and arrest

Despite a thorough investigation of the victims' relatives and acquaintances, as well as a mass DNA testing of hundreds of men from northern Germany, Ney initially went undetected. [13] Special commissions from Germany, France and the Netherlands worked closely together in the case. The police looked into 7,800 clues without any major breakthrough. [5]

The perpetrator and his crimes were also made public several times on television, including special broadcasts from stern TV  [ de ], Spiegel TV, Ungeklärte Morde and Galileo. In addition, reports of the crimes were broadcast three times on Aktenzeichen XY… ungelöst . However, viewers were unable to provide authorities with any crucial information. [14]

In August 2010, a witness who had seen an old documentary on the Internet about the murders contacted the police. He claimed to have seen the culprit along with the victim Dennis Klein sitting in a car on a forest path in the early morning while he was running track near the abduction site. A "situation sketch" of the suspect was drafted and published on 10 February 2011. [15]

On 15 April 2011, police announced the arrest of a suspect. The crucial clue had come from a previous victim who had been abused by a masked offender in his childhood home in 1995. The victim recognized the offender from the police sketch as a supervisor at a youth camp they had attended years ago, leading the police to arrest Ney. Ney, then 40 years old, had lived in Bremen until September 2000, and confessed to the murders after the first interrogations. He admitted to killing Jahr, Rostel and Klein and abusing about 40 other children. He was also suspected of murdering Coulom and a Dutch boy Nicky Verstappen, but denied involvement in both cases. [16] In 2020, a Dutch man was convicted of kidnapping and sexual abuse that lead to Verstappen's death in 1998. [17]

Confession

During his interrogation, Ney stated that he had committed the three murders in order to cover up the sexual abuse and not be identified as a culprit. According to Ney, he strangled Jahr because he had taken him to his car and feared that the boy might have noted his license plate number. Ney also claimed to have spent a few days on a holiday with Dennis Rostel in a holiday home near Holstebro in Denmark before strangling him. Ney claimed that he smothered Klein because he defended himself against Ney's abuse too loudly. [18]

Ney had already been suspected by the police prior to his arrest. At the age of 17, he had threatened two parents from Bremen with kidnapping and killing their children. In 1989, he was convicted for the extortion of 150,000 Deutsche Mark under juvenile criminal law while performing charitable work.

After his criminal record was wiped from the educational register at the age of 24, Ney applied for a foster son in 1995 at the Social Services Office in Bremen. At the time, Ney was a young and single student who lived in a Bundesausbildungsförderungsgesetz. Though regarded as an unusual candidate for such a role, the youth welfare office accepted him as a foster father due to the small number of available foster parents.

A guardianship judge of the district court of Bremen-Blumenthal, in front of whom Ney had previously appeared as a teenager because of the attempted extortion, spoke twice to Ney in 1996, granting him custody of the 12-year-old boy. The boy lived with Ney until he was old enough to leave, but was never sexually abused by him.

After completing his pedagogue studies, Ney broke off the subsequent legal clerkship before his second state examination. With the help of falsified documents, Ney got a job as a social education teacher in a daycare position at a Hamburg foundation, which he held until early 2008. In the years before, Ney had held a job as a youth worker alongside his studies and had thus become familiar with some of his future victims and their daily lives.

In 2005, he was charged with sexual abuse in two minor cases, but both were settled against a payment of 1,800 euros. In 2006, Ney attempted to blackmail a social worker from Berlin by threatening to report him for possession of child pornography, demanding 20,000 euros for his silence. As a result, Ney was charged with attempted extortion and sentenced to ten month's probation. As part of the investigation, the police searched Ney's apartment and secured his computer, which was found to contain about 30,000 photographs featuring child pornography. As the police could not verify when the images had been stored and last accessed, the prosecutor stopped the proceedings due to the statute of limitations ending in 2007. Investigators failed to detect that some of the photographs in the exhibit complied by the Hamburg police showed victims of Ney's previous crime sprees.

Ney had been first interviewed by SoKo "Dennis" back in 2007, as he was found to match the offender's profile, but he denied having anything to do with the crimes. The request for Ney's saliva sample, which he refused to provide, could not be enforced legally due to a lack of reasonable doubt. [19]

Imprisonment

On 15 July 2011, the prosecution filed charges against Ney for threefold murder and sexual abuse in 20 cases. Around 20 more cases of abuse were already barred. On 10 October, the trial began before the district court of Stade, where the defendant was summoned. Psychological evaluations found Ney as having a pedophilic disorder, but not criminally insane. He was described as a continuous threat with a high risk of reoffending. During the trial, there were indications of further acts of abuse in the 2000s and thus, an increased probability of recidivism.

On 27 February 2012, Ney was sentenced to life imprisonment for the murder of the three boys and 20 cases of sexual abuse, with subsequent preventative detention condemned. In addition, the court noted the particular severity of Ney's crimes. However, Ney's legal team appealed the verdict regarding preventative detention. [20]

On 10 January 2013, the Federal Court of Justice (BGH) took place and cancelled the preventative detention. This was justified by the statement that according to the current legal situation, preventative detention can only be ordered for the indispensable protection of the general public. Since the BGH has confirmed the particular severity of the crime, the minimum term of imprisonment of 15 years, which is usual for life imprisonment, will be extended. In addition, a discharge can only be carried out as a result of the demonstrable harmlessness of the convicted person. However, such proof would also suspend the execution of the preventative detention. Otherwise, it can be assumed that Ney will remain in custody, possibly until the end of his life. [21]

Later developments

In late 2011 Ney's computer was again confiscated by authorities after several storaged media hidden in Ney's former apartment were discovered by a new tenant. However, investigators were unable to decrypt the password and view its contents. Ney refused to provide the password, saying that he wanted to protect the privacy of his friends and family. Authorities stated that without Ney's help, the chances of decrypting the computer's password were low. [22] In late 2016, Ney voluntarily provided his computer's password to the authorities. As of May 2017, the evaluation of the data carriers has not been completed. [23]

In January 2021, Ney was extradited to Nantes, France, after he was charged with the murder of Jonathan Coulom. [24]

In the media

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Murder of Jacob Wetterling</span> American murder case

Jacob Erwin Wetterling was an American boy from St. Joseph, Minnesota, who was kidnapped from his hometown and murdered on October 22, 1989, at the age of 11. The identity of his abductor remained a mystery for nearly 27 years.

Victim blaming occurs when the victim of a crime or any wrongful act is held entirely or partially at fault for the harm that befell them. There is historical and current prejudice against the victims of domestic violence and sex crimes, such as the greater tendency to blame victims of rape than victims of robbery if victims and perpetrators knew each other prior to the commission of the crime. The Gay Panic Defense has also been used to justify violence against LGBT people.

Earl Kenneth Shriner is an American criminal who in 1990 was convicted of first-degree attempted murder, first-degree rape and first-degree assault of seven-year-old Ryan Alan Hade and sentenced to 131 years' imprisonment.

<i>The Drop</i> (Connelly novel) 15th novel about Harry Bosch by Michael Connelly

The Drop is the 24th novel by American crime author Michael Connelly, and the fifteenth novel featuring Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) detective Harry Bosch. The book was published on 22 November 2011.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rotherham child sexual exploitation scandal</span> Sexual abuse scandal in Rotherham, England

The Rotherham child sexual exploitation scandal consists of the organised child sexual abuse that occurred in the town of Rotherham, South Yorkshire, Northern England from the late 1980s until 2013 and the failure of local authorities to act on reports of the abuse throughout most of that period. Researcher Angie Heal, who was hired by local officials and warned them about child exploitation occurring between 2002 and 2007, has since described it as the "biggest child protection scandal in UK history", with one report estimating that 1,400 girls were abused by "grooming gangs" between 1997 and 2013. Evidence of the abuse was first noted in the early 1990s, when care home managers investigated reports that children in their care were being picked up by taxi drivers. From at least 2001, multiple reports passed names of alleged perpetrators, several from one family, to the police and Rotherham Council. The first group conviction took place in 2010, when five British-Pakistani men were convicted of sexual offences against girls aged 12–16. From January 2011 Andrew Norfolk of The Times pressed the issue, reporting in 2012 that the abuse in the town was widespread and that the police and council had known about it for over ten years.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2015–16 New Year's Eve sexual assaults in Germany</span> Mass sexual assaults mostly in Cologne and by North African men

During the 2015–2016 celebrations of New Year's Eve in Germany, approximately 1,200 women were reported to have been sexually assaulted, especially in the city of Cologne. In many of the incidents, while these women were in public spaces, they were surrounded and assaulted by large groups of men who were identified by officials as Arab or North African men. The Federal Criminal Police Office confirmed in July 2016 that 1,200 women had been sexually assaulted on that night.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Murder of Roy Tutill</span> 1968 murder of a schoolboy

The murder of Roy Tutill occurred on 23 April 1968 in Surrey, England, United Kingdom. The victim was a 14-year-old schoolboy who was raped and murdered on his way home from school. The murder went unsolved for 33 years, until Brian Lunn Field confessed to the crime after DNA evidence surfaced in 2001. It was the oldest cold case to be solved in the United Kingdom until the conviction of David Burgess for the 1966 murder of Yolande Waddington in 2012.

Kurt-Friedhelm Steinwegs, nicknamed The Monster from Lower Rhine, is a German serial killer who murdered six people between 1974 and 1983.

Marc Hoffmann is a German sex offender and murderer. In 2005 Hoffmann was sentenced to life imprisonment for the sexual abuse and murder of two children that took place in 2004. He may be responsible for other unresolved sexual offences and murders.

Marco Metzler is a German serial killer, who attacked women on the highways between Hesse and North Rhine-Westphalia from 2003 to 2006, raping four and killing three of them.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Göhrde murders</span> 1989 unsolved German murders

The Göhrde murders were two double murders which took place in the summer of 1989 near Göhrde in Lower Saxony, West Germany. Within the space of a few weeks, two couples were found dead in the Göhrde State Forest, deemed by police to have been victims of the same killer. Although the murders remain unresolved, police announced in December 2017 that Kurt-Werner Wichmann, a suspected serial killer who committed suicide in 1993, was their prime suspect. Investigators have also speculated that another unknown person may be linked to the killings. The murders were widely reported on in the German press, and the area where they took place was largely avoided by members of the public for nearly thirty years.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Death of Nicky Verstappen</span> Child sexual abuse and homicide case in the Netherlands

On the morning of 10 August 1998, 11-year-old Nicky Verstappen disappeared from a summer camp he was attending in Brunssum, Limburg. His body was found on the evening of 11 August, 1.2 kilometres (0.75 mi) away in Landgraaf, and a murder investigation was subsequently launched. Despite extensive investigation, the case remained unsolved for over twenty years.

Kurt-Werner Wichmann was a German serial killer who was possibly linked to the Göhrde Murders.

The Saw-Killer of Hanover is the name of an unidentified German serial killer, who is supposedly responsible for murdering and dismembering at least four women and two men, whose body parts were found in Hanover and the surrounding area in the 1970s. None of the victims have been identified, and the case is also referred to as The Found Corpses of Hanover. The "SOKO Torso" Unit of the Hanoverian police, directed by Commissioner Günter Nowatius, investigated the murders at the time.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Margaret Oliver</span> English detective constable and whistleblower

Margaret Oliver is an English former Detective Constable with the Greater Manchester Police. She is known as a whistleblower for exposing the poor handling of the Rochdale child sex abuse ring case by her own force.

Medomsley Detention Centre was a prison for young male offenders near Consett in Durham, England from 1961 until the late 1980s, where more than 1,800 living former inmates have reported sexual and physical abuse by staff. Police believe many of the staff belonged to a child sex abuse ring.

Operation Voicer was a major police investigation into serious sexual offences against pre-school aged children and infants across England, launched in 2014. The perpetrators groomed the families of the young victims, in some cases before the babies were even born. By September 2015, seven offenders were jailed, 28 further suspects had been arrested, three victims were identified, and 33 children were safeguarded. Ten offenders received significant prison sentences.

The murder of Jonathan Coulom, also referred to as the Jonathan Affair, is a French criminal case in which the 10-year-old Coulom was abducted on the night of 7 April 2004 in Saint-Brevin-les-Pins, Loire-Atlantique. His body was found, bound with a cinderblock, in a pond in Guérande on 19 May 2004. German Martin Ney, a convicted serial killer of children in Germany has been charged with the crime as of 26 January 2021. He was transferred to the French city of Nantes from his high security prison cell in Germany to stand trial for the murder of Coulom.

In October 2019, a 61 year-old man from South Wales was sentenced for 33 years for serious sexual offences against three of his daughters, spanning 20 years, one of whom was also his granddaughter. He frequently raped his daughters from the ages of 12, 13, or 14, fathering six of his own grandchildren with one. He also arranged for other men to rape his daughters.

The Favoriten Girl Murders were a series of sexually-motivated crimes committed against a young woman and two young girls: Alexandra Schriefl, Christina Beranek and Nicole Strau in the Viennese district of Favoriten. This case was among the most extensive and costliest investigations in Austrian history.

References

  1. Oliver Pietschmann (11 February 2011). "Not a monster, not a masked man – maybe the nice man from the neighbourhood?" (in German). Aachener Zeitung. p. 5.{{cite web}}: Missing or empty |url= (help)
  2. "Suspect in the Dennis case admits to the murder of three children". Spiegel Online (in German). Retrieved 15 April 2011.
  3. "Fahndungserfolg: Verdächtiger im Fall Dennis gesteht Morde an drei Kindern" (in German). spiegel.de. 15 April 2011. Retrieved 12 February 2014.
  4. "Lifelong imprisonment for child murderer Martin N." Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (in German). 27 February 2012.
  5. 1 2 3 Jan Dräger (11 February 2011). "Hunt for a serial killer – Almost ten years ago, 9-year-old Dennis was killed. Now there is a new track". Die Welt (in German). p. 32.
  6. "Did the "Masked Man" also murder in France?" (in German). ndr.de. 18 April 2018.
  7. "Livstid til Dennis Rostels morder".
  8. "Judge makes judgement against Martin N." Stern (in German).
  9. "Dennis is dead" (in German). stern.de. 17 April 2011.
  10. "SoKo has tracked to the culprit" (in German). n-tv.de. 17 April 2011.
  11. Kidnapping from the youth hostel: Does the serial offender strike again? – Star TV | STERN. DE
  12. Stephan Harbort – Press review, March 2005
  13. Wolfgang Heumer (28 February 2008). "Does a DNA track lead to Dennis' murderer? – SoKo: Several hundred men have to take the genetic test". Hamburger Abendblatt (in German). p. 24.
  14. "40 references to TV search on abuse of boys". Die Welt (in German). 7 August 2009. p. 30.
  15. "The phantom takes shape". Spiegel Online (in German). 10 February 2011.
  16. "Suspect admits murder series". Focus Online (in German). 15 April 2011.
  17. "Rechtbank noemt lange zwijgen over Nicky Jos B. 'bittere troefkaart'". NU (in Dutch). 20 November 2020. Retrieved 20 November 2020.
  18. "The man with the mask". Spiegel Online (in German). 7 October 2011.
  19. "Career of a child murderer" (in German). stern.de. 26 February 2012.
  20. "Revision of the "Masked Man" process filed" (in German). nrd.de. 5 March 2012. Archived from the original on 23 January 2013. Retrieved 23 January 2013.
  21. "Lifelong criminal detention instead of preventative detention". Spiegel Online (in German). 11 January 2013.
  22. "Password remains encrypted" (in German). Nordsee-Zeitung. 7 January 2012. Archived from the original on 11 February 2013. Retrieved 15 August 2018.
  23. ""Masked Man" reveals passwords aften yen years". Spiegel Online (in German). 8 May 2017.
  24. "German Serial Killer Charged Over French Cold Case". Courthouse News. 26 January 2021.
  25. "A dad is looking for the Masked Man movie" (in German). Press portal of the ZDF. Retrieved 24 March 2015.
  26. "In the name of my son" (in German). Program announcement. Retrieved 1 May 2016.