Masdevallia veitchiana

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Masdevallia veitchiana
Masdevallia veitichiana (1).jpg
Masdevallia veitchiana flowers
Peru, Machu Picchu
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Orchidaceae
Subfamily: Epidendroideae
Genus: Masdevallia
Subgenus: Masdevallia subg. Masdevallia
Section: Masdevallia sect. Masdevallia
Subsection: Masdevallia subsect. Coccineae
Species:
M. veitchiana
Binomial name
Masdevallia veitchiana

Masdevallia veitchiana, (pronounced "veech-e-anna") also known as Veitch's masdevallia or king of the masdevallias, is an orchid species of the genus Masdevallia .

Contents

The plant is found in the wild near Machu Picchu and nearby areas in Peru, where it is known as gallo-gallo, meaning "rooster" after the rooster-like red comb, crest and wattles of the flower. [1] The plant was named in honour of Harry Veitch, of the Veitch Nurseries family, by whose plant-hunters it was discovered in 1867, [2] and who imported, cultivated, and first flowered this species. [3]

Long considered the national treasure of Peru, [4] it is rumoured to have been cultivated by the Incas centuries ago, who called the plant waqanki. [5]

Description

A Veitch's masdevallia in Peru A Veitch's Marvel (Masdevallia veitchiana) in Peru.jpg
A Veitch's masdevallia in Peru

This cool to cold growing, large, terrestrial, sometimes lithophytic or rarely epiphytic, tufted species with erect leaves is found at a height of between 2,000 and 4,000 metres, including around Machu Picchu in Peru, [2] on steep rocky slopes covered with grasses and shrubs in full sun but with the leaves protected by the grass with short ramicauls enveloped by a series of tubular bracts with a linear-oblanceolate, tapered to the channelled petiolate base, acute, thick leaf that blooms in the spring and early summer with an erect, 39 to 44 cm. long, single flowered inflorescence carrying two distant, tubular bracts and a single inflated tubular, ovate floral bract with the long-lasting flowers held way above the leaves. The unequal colour distribution apparent in M. veitchiana is accorded to the presence of minute purple hairs on the sepals which lend a prismatic visual aspect to the flower. Viewed head-on with the light behind you, the colour is symmetrical. [1]

This species has orange flowers covered in a pattern of small purple hairs that create a kind of iridescence as the flower moves in the breezes. The blooms are very large, approximately 5 cm. X 15 cm. [4]

Discovery

According to Hortus Veitchii :

"Masdevallia Veitchiana was discovered in the lofty Andes of Peru by Pearce in 1866, and successfully introduced by him. A few years later it was re-discovered in the same locality by Walter Davis, who states that it grows in the crevices and hollows of the rocks with but little soil, at an altitude of 11,000-13,000 ft. It is a variable plant, the flowers differing in size, colour, and in the manner in which the papillae is spread over the inner surface of the sepals. A large-flowered form, grandiflora, may be distinguished by having the upper sepal densely and uniformly covered with purple papillae, while in the lateral two this covering is confined entirely to the outer half, the inner being of the purest orange-scarlet and destitute of papillae." [6]

Cultivation

Masdevallia veitchiana is an excellent plant for beginners and experienced growers alike. It grows quickly into a specimen plant and is quite spectacular when several flowers bloom together, usually between spring and summer. M. veitchiana prefers a cool, moist location but, like most orchids, requires good light to flower consistently. In poor light the flower stems tend to be weak, causing the flowers to droop. [7] M. veitchiana prefers daytime temperatures from 15 to 25 degrees Celsius and will tolerate evening low temperatures below 5 degrees. The plants will freeze, so care should be taken in times of severe frost or freezing temperatures. [2]

Propagation

Because of extensive collection in the wild, M. veitchiana is rarely imported. It is, however, propagated quite easily both from seed and by division. The plants grow very vigorously and have a rhizome from which the thick, narrow leaves develop. This rhizome can be divided to create new plants with clumps of at least five to ten leaves per division. M. veitchiana has also been used extensively to create many hybrids with its distinctive orange color. [2]

Related Research Articles

<i>Masdevallia</i> Genus of orchids

Masdevallia, abbreviated Masd in horticultural trade, is a large genus of flowering plants of the Pleurothallidinae, a subtribe of the orchid family (Orchidaceae). There are over 500 species, grouped into several subgenera. The genus is named for Jose Masdevall (?-1801), a physician and botanist in the court of Charles III of Spain.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Harry Veitch</span> English horticulturist

Sir Harry James Veitch was an eminent English horticulturist in the nineteenth century, who was the head of the family nursery business, James Veitch & Sons, based in Chelsea, London. He was instrumental in establishing the Chelsea Flower Show, which led to his being knighted for services to horticulture.

<i>Restrepiella ophiocephala</i> Species of orchid

Restrepiella ophiocephala, commonly called the Snake's head restrepiella is an epiphytic orchid native to Mexico, Central America, Colombia, and Florida. The epithet ophiocephala is derived from the Greek words ὄφις, ophis (snake) and κεφαλή, kephalē (head).

<i>Goeppertia veitchiana</i> Species of plant in the genus Goeppertia

Goeppertia veitchiana is a species of flowering plant in the Marantaceae family. It is endemic to Ecuador. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Peter Veitch</span>

Peter Christian Massyn Veitch was a member of the family of horticulturists who established the renowned family business Veitch Nurseries.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gustav Wallis</span> German plant collector (1830-1878)

Gustav Wallis was a German plant collector who introduced over 1,000 plant species to Europe, many of which were named after him. He was particularly focused on orchid hunting during the Victorian orchid craze, but also was the first European collector of plants such as large-leaved Anthurium specimens that continue to be among the most sought after today.

<i>Begonia × tuberhybrida</i> Genus of flowering plants

Tuberous begonias are a group of Begonia cultivars, sometimes regarded as some of the most spectacular of the genus.

<i>Begonia pearcei</i> Species of flowering plant

Begonia pearcei is a plant in the begonia family, Begoniaceae. It was introduced to Europe in 1864 by Richard Pearce who discovered it in the Bolivian Andes and is important in the hybridising of the Begonia × tuberhybrida begonias, the first of which appeared in 1867.

<i>Begonia veitchii</i> Species of plant

Begonia veitchii is a plant in the begonia family, Begoniaceae, which was introduced to Europe in 1866 by Richard Pearce who discovered it in the Peruvian Andes near Cusco at an elevation of from 10,000 feet (3,000 m) and 12,000 feet (3,700 m). It was named after Pearce's employers, James Veitch & Sons of Chelsea, London. It can be found today in the mountains around Machu Picchu. A later plant collector, Walter Davis, found Begonia veitchii inhabiting rocky positions by waterfalls, in company with Masdevallia veitchiana.

Richard Pearce was a British plant collector, who introduced the tuberous begonia to England, which led to the development of the hybrid begonias grown today.

<i>Masdevallia davisii</i> Species of orchid

Masdevallia davisii, or Davis' masdevallia, is a species of the orchid genus Masdevallia. It is also known as the orchid of the sun and was known to the Incas as qoriwaqanki – due to its similarity in form to the red Masdevallia veitchiana, known as waqanki.

<i>Begonia davisii</i> Species of plant

Begonia davisii is a plant in the begonia family, Begoniaceae, which was used in the early days of breeding Begonia × tuberhybrida cultivars.

Walter Davis was an English plant collector, who collected in South America for James Veitch & Sons of Chelsea, London.

<i>Masdevallia ionocharis</i> Species of plant

Masdevallia ionocharis, the graceful violet-blue masdevallia, is an epiphytic orchid in the Masdevallia genus of orchids. Its name is derived from the Greek words ion meaning violet and charis meaning grace.

<i>Miltoniopsis vexillaria</i> Species of orchid

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Henry Chesterton</span> British plant collector

Joseph Henry Chesterton was a British plant collector who was sent by James Veitch & Sons to search for orchids in South America with much success.

<i>Oncidium alexandrae</i> Species of orchid

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Wilhelm (Guillermo) Kalbreyer (1847–1912) was a German plant collector who was sent by James Veitch & Sons of Chelsea, London to collect new plants in West Africa and South America.

<i>Gastrochilus distichus</i> Species of orchid

Gastrochilus distichus is a small species of orchid and pendant growing epiphyte. It is known by the common name distichous gastrochilus. It is found in Himalayas of India, Nepal, Bhutan, Assam, Sikkim, Tibet and Yunnan. It grows in the shade on moss covered rainforest at elevations of 1520–2700 m.

<i>Cardiocrinum giganteum</i> Species of flowering plant

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References

  1. 1 2 "Masdevallia Veitchiana". The Internet Orchid Species Photo Encyclopedia. orchidspecies.com. 2002. Retrieved 11 October 2008.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Tom Perlite (27 February 2008). "Masdevallia Veitchiana – Striking orchid is Bay Area novice's dream". San Francisco Chronicle . Retrieved 11 October 2008.
  3. Lynn O'Shaughnessy. "Masdevallia veitchiana". pleurothallids.com. Archived from the original on 10 June 2008. Retrieved 11 October 2008.
  4. 1 2 "Masdevallia Veitchiana". Cal Orchid. Archived from the original on 7 January 2009. Retrieved 11 October 2008.
  5. David E. Bennett Jr. "Peruvian Orchids in Danger – Machu Picchu Historical Sanctuary". rumbosonline.com. Retrieved 16 November 2008.
  6. James Herbert Veitch (2006). Hortus Veitchii (reprint ed.). Caradoc Doy. p. 140. ISBN   0-9553515-0-2.
  7. Alan Hope. "Masdevallias and their cultivation". Orchid Society of Victoria. Archived from the original on 22 July 2008. Retrieved 11 October 2008.