| Melanophryniscus klappenbachi | |
|---|---|
 | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Amphibia |
| Order: | Anura |
| Family: | Bufonidae |
| Genus: | Melanophryniscus |
| Species: | M. klappenbachi |
| Binomial name | |
| Melanophryniscus klappenbachi Prigioni and Langone, 2000 | |
Melanophryniscus klappenbachi, also known as Klappenbach's red-bellied frog, is a South American species of toad in the family Bufonidae.
It is found in the Gran Chaco in northern Argentina, Paraguay, and Brazil (Mato Grosso do Sul), and possibly in Bolivia. [1] [2] Its specific name refers to Miguel Angel Klappenbach, a Uruguayan zoologist. [3]
Its natural habitats are shrublands, and it can also be found in disturbed areas such as livestock farms. It is an explosive breeder utilizing temporary pools. [1]
Alkaloids produce toxins when consumed in large amounts, and one of the toxins that is given off is batrachotoxin-homobatrachotoxin, which contributes to the toxicity of the species. When fed diets with low levels of alkaloids, there was a decrease in the amount of this toxin produced. [4]
Melanophryniscus klappenbachi is a common species facing no significant threats. It is present in the international pet trade. [1]
Melanophryniscus is a genus of toads in the family Bufonidae. They are found in northern half of Argentina, southern Bolivia, southern Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay. Common name South American redbelly toads has been coined for them.
A true toad is any member of the family Bufonidae, in the order Anura. This is the only family of anurans in which all members are known as toads, although some may be called frogs. The bufonids now comprise more than 35 genera, Bufo being the best known.
The Canadian toad, also known commonly as the Dakota toad, is a species of toad that ranges from the prairie regions of western Canada south to parts of the upper midwest of the United States. It belongs to the family Bufonidae, the "true" toads. Its specific name is derived from the Latin word hemiophrys, meaning eyebrow, which refers to its pronounced cranial crest between and behind the eyes. Anaxyrus hemiophrys displays the typical toad characteristics: it lacks a tail and teeth, it has a horizontal pupil, and its dry skin is thick and warty.
The smooth-sided toad or spotted toad, formerly known as Bufo guttatus, is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is found in the Amazonian Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela, as well as the Guianas. Specimens from southern Peru, Bolivia, and Brazil might represent Rhaebo ecuadorensis described in 2012.
Rhinella icterica is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae that is found in northeastern Argentina, southern Brazil, and eastern Paraguay. "Cururu" is its indigenous name and refers to the male advertisement call that is a melodious tremolo. "Cururu toad", without the specifier "yellow", is a common name used for a few other closely related species.
The oak toad is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to the coastal regions of southeastern United States. It is regarded as the smallest species of toad in North America, with a length of 19 to 33 mm.
Melanophryniscus atroluteus is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is found in northeastern Argentina, Uruguay, southern Paraguay, and southern Brazil. While in the past it was considered a subspecies of Melanophryniscus stelzneri, it might rather be conspecific with Melanophryniscus montevidensis. Common name Uruguay redbelly toad has been coined for it.
Melanophryniscus devincenzii is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is found in Argentina, Uruguay, possibly Brazil, and possibly Paraguay. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical seasonally wet or flooded lowland grassland, intermittent rivers, rocky areas, and plantations. It is threatened by habitat loss.
Melanophryniscus krauczuki is a species of toads in the family Bufonidae. It is found in the Misiones Province in northeastern Argentina and the Itapúa Department in the adjacent Paraguay. The specific name krauczuki honors naturalist and ornithologist Ernesto Krauczuk. Common name Krauczuk's redbelly toad has been proposed for this species.
Melanophryniscus macrogranulosus is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to northeastern Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil. It was for a long time only known from the type series collected in 1960, until another population was discovered in 2004. This was followed by the rediscovery of population at the type locality as well as few other populations, all in Rio Grande do Sul. Its common name is Torres redbelly toad, after the type locality.
Melanophryniscus montevidensis, also called Darwin's toad, is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae and the genus Melanophryniscus found in Brazil and Uruguay. Like other amphibians in its genus, its bright colors, defensive behavior, and rapid metamorphosis make it stand out. It also has a myriad of chemical compounds on its skin that could be used in biomedical applications.
Melanophryniscus pachyrhynus is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is known from São Lourenço do Sul in southern Brazil and from Uruguay. Populations in Uruguay were until recently considered a different species and assessed as being vulnerable.
Melanophryniscus rubriventris is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is found in Argentina and Bolivia. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests, subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, rivers, rural gardens, heavily degraded former forest, and canals and ditches.
Melanophryniscus sanmartini is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is found in Uruguay and southernmost Brazil. Its natural habitats are grasslands and rocky outcrops. Reproduction takes place in small streams. It is threatened by habitat loss caused by exotic tree plantations.
Melanophryniscus spectabilis is a species of toads in the family Bufonidae. It is known from western Santa Catarina and southern Paraná states, southern Brazil. The specific name spectabilis refers to the showy color pattern of this species.
Pumiliotoxin 251D is a toxic organic compound. It is found in the skin of poison frogs from the genera Dendrobates, Epipedobates, Minyobates, and Phyllobates and toads from the genus Melanophryniscus. Its name comes from the pumiliotoxin family (PTXs) and its molecular mass of 251 daltons. When the toxin enters the bloodstream through cuts in the skin or by ingestion, it can cause hyperactivity, convulsions, cardiac arrest and ultimately death. It is especially toxic to arthropods, even at low concentrations.
Melanophryniscus admirabilis is a species of toads in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to Brazil.
Melanophryniscus dorsalis is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae which is endemic to the coastal Brazil. It is threatened by habitat loss. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical sand dunes and nearby areas. It breeds in temporary pools.
Melanophryniscus stelzneri, commonly known as the redbelly toad, bumble bee toad or yellow and black walking toad, is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae which is endemic to Argentina. It is present in the pet trade.
Melanophryniscus xanthostomus is a species of toads in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to the state of Santa Catarina in southern Brazil. The specific name xanthostomus is derived from the Greek words xanthos (=yellow) and stoma (=mouth) and refers to the characteristic yellow stripe along its mouth. It is distinguished from congeneric species based on differences in size; having white and/or yellow spots on its forearms, mouth, belly and cloaca; the pattern and arrangement of warts; and the presence and number of corneous spines.
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