History
Ghagge Nazir Khan and Wahid Khan are regarded as fountainheads of the Mewati gharana. [6] They were descendants of the Qawwal Bacchon gharana (Qawwal Bacchon Ka Gharana). [7]
Etymology
The Mewati Gharana takes its name from the region between Delhi, Jaipur, and Indore where Ghagge Nazir Khan and Wahid Khan's family hailed, Mewat (not the Mewar region of Rajasthan). [8]
Recent developments
Ghagge Nazir Khan passed on his musical tradition to his foremost disciples Munavvar Khan, Natthulal Pandit, Chimanlal Pandit, and Ghulam Qadir Khan. [9] Natthulal passed the tradition onto his nephew, Motiram, who shared this tradition with his brother, Jyotiram, around the start of the 20th century. [10] During this period, musicians of this gharana served under monarchical patronage as court musicians.
Jyotiram later became a disciple of Rajab Ali Khan, whose father, Manglu Khan, [11] was a disciple of Bade Mohammed Khan and Bande Ali Khan (e.g. a member of the extended gharana). [12] Motiram passed this tradition to his sons, Maniram and Pratap Narayan. After Motiram's unexpected demise, Maniram and Pratap Narayan were instrumental in grooming their younger brother, Jasraj, in the Mewati tradition after the latter renounced playing tabla, his primary training at the time. Jasraj was initially influenced by the music of Amir Khan and Begum Akhtar but later developed a separate style. He introduced new stylistic elements into the traditional Mewati style, following the romanticism started by Omkarnath Thakur and producing a more emotive, devotional, rhythmic-conscious, and lyric-conscious style.
Ancestry
Ghagge Nazir Khan and Wahid Khan inherited three traditions of classical music; Khandarbani dhrupad baaj and gayaki from their ancestors and then Qawwal Bacchon gayaki.
Mewati gayaki emerged from the first synthesis of the dhrupad and khayal traditions of music, through the inter-marriage of Bade Mohammed Khan's family with Haddu-Hassu Khan's family, which Ghagge Nazir Khan married into.
Bade Mohammed Khan, son of Shakkar Khan of Lucknow, emerged from the Qawwal Bacchon tradition. [13] His son, Waris Ali Khan, married a daughter of Haddu Khan. Through their union, Bade Mohammed Khan acquired the status of being a Gwalior gharana exponent and was regarded for his "taan bazi" repertoire. [14] Another offspring of Bade Mohammed Khan, Bade Mubarak Ali Khan, Ghagge Nazir Khan married Bade Mubarak Ali Khan's daughter, learned from Waris Ali Khan.
Due to politics and competition with Natthu Khan's family, [15] Bade Mohammed Khan relocated to Rewa in Bhopal as the court musician of the maharaja. [16] Consequently, Ghagge Nazir Khan and Wahid Khan are associated with the Bhopal region in musical literature. [17]
Geography
Seeking musical patronage, their ancestors immigrated from their origins in Delhi and Gwalior, settling first in Bhopal and later western Rajasthan. [18]
These migrations influenced new developments in the gharana's musical styles and aesthetics. Eventually, these changes resulted in the Mewati gayaki becoming distinct although reminiscent of the Gwalior and Qawwal Bacchon styles. Hence the gharana is considered both musically and genealogically different from these groups.
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