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A midden is an old dump for domestic waste which may consist of animal bone, human excrement, botanical material, mollusc shells, potsherds, lithics, and other artifacts and ecofacts associated with past human occupation.
Whaleback Shell Midden is a shell midden, or dump, consisting primarily of oyster shells located on the east side of the Damariscotta River in Maine, United States. It is preserved as a Maine state historic site and was included as part of the Damariscotta Oyster Shell Heaps listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1969. Other shell middens are located on the estuary in both Damariscotta and Newcastle. The middens in this area were formed over about 1,000 years between 200 BC to AD 1000.
Fig Island, also known as 38CH42, is an archaeological site on the Atlantic Coast of South Carolina, consisting of three shell rings. Shell rings are curved shell middens wholly or partially surrounding a clear central area or plaza. The site includes one of the largest and most complex shell rings in North America, and one of the best preserved circular shell rings.
Indian Mound Park, also known as Shell Mound Park or Indian Shell Mound Park, is a park and bird refuge located on the northern shore of Dauphin Island, a barrier island of Mobile County, Alabama in the United States. In addition to the many birds which visit, a wide variety of botanical species contribute to the natural offerings. The site is historically significant due to the presence of prehistoric Indian shell middens, mounds composed of discarded oyster shells. The park was added to the National Register of Historic Places on August 14, 1973. It is administered by the Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources.
The Mark Pardo Shellworks Site is an archaeological site west of Bokeelia, Florida. It is located along the eastern edge of Cayo Costa Island in Cayo Costa State Park. On May 21, 1996, it was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places.
The Baum Site (31Ck9) is one of the most prominent Middle and Late Woodland Period sites of the Colington Phase in the state of North Carolina. It is located north of Poplar Branch in Currituck County, North Carolina. This phase, marked by cultures of the Algonkian peoples, aligns with the Late Woodland period in North Carolina, occurring during English explorations between 1584 and 1587, and permanent settlement at 1650. This village is what the first English explorers encountered when entering the coastal region. The site contained ossuaries and evidence for a coastal village adaptation. The site was registered with the National Register of Historic Places on December 8, 1982, after testing and excavations in 1972 and 1973 by David Sutton Phelps, who was an archaeologist at East Carolina University. The site is suffering from erosion due to wave action. After the initial discovery, which was the result of erosion uncovering of remains, Phelps claimed, “this will provide the first glimpse of a coastal village of this type in the state”. A residential subdivision, Currituck Crossing, is now located on the Baum site. https://web.archive.org/web/20160617035403/http://co.currituck.nc.us/pdf/board-of-commissioners-minutes-2013/boc-minutes-13nov04.pdf.
Sea Pines is a historic archeological site located at Sea Pines Resort, Hilton Head Island, Beaufort County, South Carolina. The site is one of 20 or more prehistoric Indian shell middens in a ring shape located from the central coast of South Carolina to the central coast of Georgia. It is believed to date early in the second millennium BC, and to contain some of the earliest pottery known in North America. The Sea Pines ring stands about two feet above a flat central area, which is about five feet above mean sea level.
Skull Creek is a historic archeological site located at Hilton Head Island, Beaufort County, South Carolina. The site includes two of 20 or more prehistoric Indian shell middens in a ring shape located from the central coast of South Carolina to the central coast of Georgia. It probably dates from early in the second millennium BC, and is likely to contain some of the earliest pottery known in North America. The Skull Creek rings are the only known example of a later ring superimposed over an earlier one.
Green's Shell Enclosure is a historic archeological site located at Hilton Head Island, Beaufort County, South Carolina. The site includes one of 20 or more prehistoric Indian shell middens in a ring shape located from the central coast of South Carolina to the central coast of Georgia. They are believed to date early in the second millennium BC, and they contain some of the earliest pottery known in North America.
Fennell Hill, also known as Cox Site and Milberry Site, is a historic archaeological site located near Peeples, Allendale County, South Carolina. It is a formative shell midden on the Savannah River measuring about 96 meters long by about 48 meters in width. The midden contains large quantities of fiber-tempered and Thom's Creek pottery—both examples of the earliest pottery found in the southeast.
Spanish Mount Point is a historic archaeological site located at Edisto Beach State Park, Edisto Island, Colleton County, South Carolina. Spanish Mount is an oyster-clam shell midden, about 27 meters long and 3 meters high. The site is bordered by water and marsh on three sides. Spanish Mount dates between 2200 and 1800 BC and represents a transitional period of pre-history and the midden accumulated during the site's short term occupation.
The Hidden Valley Rockshelter (44-BA-31) is a significant archaeological site located near the community of Warm Springs in Bath County, Virginia, United States. A large rockshelter located near the Jackson River, it has been occupied by humans for thousands of years, and it has been named a historic site.
Richmond Hill Plantation Archeological Sites consists of five historic archaeological sites located near Murrells Inlet, Georgetown County, South Carolina. The Richmond Hill Plantation complex sites include remains of the planter's house, two possible overseers' houses, approximately 20 slave houses, a slave cemetery, a rice barn, and rice fields and dikes. The plantation house, overseers' houses, and slave houses were all burned by about 1930. Richmond Hill plantation was owned by Dr. John D. Magill, who was considered one of the least efficient planters in the area and the most brutal slaveowner among the Georgetown District rice planters.
Buzzard's Island Site is a historic mound located near Mount Pleasant, Charleston County, South Carolina. It is one of 20 or more prehistoric shell rings located from the central coast of South Carolina to the central coast of Georgia. On average, it measures 178 feet in diameter and stands 3 feet high. The midden is largely composed of oyster shell.
Horse Island (38CH14) is a historic mound located near Rockville, Charleston County, South Carolina. It is one of 20 or more prehistoric shell rings located from the central coast of South Carolina to the central coast of Georgia. On average, it measures 156 feet in diameter and stands 4 feet high. The midden is largely composed of oyster shell.
Lighthouse Point Shell Ring (38CH12), also known as Parrot's Point Shell Ring, is a historic mound located on James Island, Charleston County, South Carolina. It is one of 20 or more prehistoric shell rings located from the central coast of South Carolina to the central coast of Georgia. The midden contains a diverse array of biota.
Bass Pond Site (38CH124) is a historic archaeological site located at Kiawah Island, Charleston County, South Carolina. Excavations indicate that at least two separate human occupations are represented: a Formative period settlement and a Middle Woodland settlement. Both of the occupations occur in the shell midden. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.
The Damariscotta Shell Midden Historic District encompasses a significant collection of shell middens along the Damariscotta River in Lincoln County, Maine. It includes eleven middens in all, including the well-known Whaleback Shell Midden and the Glidden Midden, which is the largest shell midden in the northeastern United States. The area has the largest concentration of such midden sites under conservation protection in the eastern United States. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.
Flye Point 2, also designated Site 42.43 by the Maine Archaeological Survey, is a prehistoric archaeological site in Brooklin, Maine. This site includes a large shell midden, and has yielded evidence of human habitation, including "pit house" features, with an estimated occupation time of 1000 CE. The midden is one of the largest of its type on the coast of eastern Maine. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.
Archeological Site No. 29-64 is a prehistoric archaeological site in Islesboro, Maine. The site encompasses a shell midden, in which are embedded the remains of semi-subterranean pit-house structures. It is one of the best-preserved examples of this type in northeastern North America. The site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.
References
- 1 2 "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places . National Park Service. July 9, 2010.
- ↑ James L. Michie (May 1981). "Minim Island Shell Midden" (PDF). National Register of Historic Places - Nomination and Inventory. Retrieved May 31, 2014.
- ↑ "Minim Island Shell Midden, Georgetown County (Address Restricted)". National Register Properties in South Carolina. South Carolina Department of Archives and History. Retrieved May 31, 2014.
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