Monodora crispata

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Monodora crispata
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Magnoliids
Order: Magnoliales
Family: Annonaceae
Genus: Monodora
Species:
M. crispata
Binomial name
Monodora crispata
Synonyms

Monodora crispata var. klaineana Engl.

Monodora crispata is a species of plant in the family Annonaceae. It is native to Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Nigeria, and Sierra Leone. [2] Heinrich Gustav Adolf Engler, the German botanist who first formally described the species, named it after its curled (crispatus in Latin) petal margins. [3] [4]

Contents

Description

It is a tree reaching 20 meters in height with dark brown bark with lenticels. Its hairless, dark green, membranous to leathery, oval to elliptical leaves are 5-17 by 2.5-6 centimeters. The tips of the leaves taper to a point and the bases are rounded or pointed. The leaves have 9-13 pairs of secondary veins emanating from their midribs. Its petioles are 3-7 by 1-1.5 millimeters and have a groove on their upper surface. It has solitary flowers, positioned opposite from leaves, that hang down. Each flower is born on a hairless, dark green pedicel that is 20-50 by 0.9-0.7 millimeters. The pedicels have an upper, hairless, oval, green bract that is 6-15 by 5-9 millimeters. The base of the bract runs down the pedicel, its tip is pointed, and its edges are wavy. It has 3 oval, green, hairless sepals are 5-18 by 3-6 millimeters. The sepals have flat bases, pointed tips and wavy edges. Its flowers have 6 petals in two rows of three. The outer petals are white at their base, transitioning to yellow with red-brown highlights near their tips. The, hairless, oblong outer petals are 35-70 by 6-20 millimeters. The outer petals have flat bases, tapering tips and strikingly curled margins for which the species is named. The heart-shaped to triangular inner petals are 4-17 by 6-20 millimeters and white to yellow with red highlights near the margins. The inner petals have heart-shaped bases and pointed tips. The edges of the inner petals touch one another and are curled. The faces of the inner petals are covered in short, straight hairs, and their margins have short curly hairs. The inner petals have a basal, hairless, bright yellow claw below the blade that is 3-8 by 1-3 millimeters. Its flowers have 9-11 rows of stamen that are 0.5-1 millimeters long. The stamen filaments extend above the anthers to form a shield. Its carpels are fused forming an ovary wall that is 1.5 millimeters wide. Its hairless stigma are 1.5-2 millimeters in diameter. The fruit are born on hairless, woody pedicels that are 3-5 by 4-10 millimeters. The hairless, conic fruit are 6-15 by 3.5-5 centimeters with a pointed tip. The fruit have 6-7 prominent ribs and green-grey. The fruit have white pulp with elliptical, smooth, light brown seeds that are 10-13 by 5-9 millimeters. [5] [6] [4]

Reproductive biology

The pollen of M. crispata is shed as permanent tetrads. [5]

Habitat and distribution

It has been observed growing in sandy soils in secondary rain forests and along streams, at elevations from 0-400 meters. [5]

Uses

It is grown as an ornamental tree. Its wood is used in construction and its seeds have aromatic qualities. [5] There is emerging research about the leaf composition of this tree and other members of the Monodora group. [7] Many close relatives have been researched and found to have medicinal properties, but Monodora Crispata doesn't have many chemicals isolated from it yet. [7] The newest isolated compound from these leaves is (-)-xylopinidine. [7]

Related Research Articles

Asteranthe asterias is a species of plant in the family Annonaceae. It is native to Kenya and Tanzania. Spencer Le Marchant Moore, the English botanist who first formally described the species using the basionym Uvaria asterias, did not explicitly explain the epithet, but was likely referencing the star-like appearance of its flower’s petals.

Goniothalamus rongklanus is a species of plant in the family Annonaceae. It is native to Thailand. Richard Saunders and Piya Chalermglin first formally described the species and named it after Phu Hin Rong Kla National Park in Thailand.

<i>Hexalobus monopetalus</i> Species of plant in the family Annonaceae

Hexalobus monopetalus is a species of plant in the family Annonaceae with the common name baboon's breakfast. It is native to Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zaire and Zimbabwe. Achille Richard, the French botanist who first formally described the species, using the basionym Uvaria monopetala, named it after its petals which are fused at their base.

Monodora globiflora is a species of plant in the family Annonaceae. It is native to Tanzania. Thomas Couvreur, the botanist who first formally described the species, named it after its inner petals that touch one another, but are not fused, and form a globe-shaped structure.

<i>Monodora hastipetala</i> Species of plant in the family Annonaceae

Monodora hastipetala is a species of plant in the family Annonaceae. It is native to Tanzania. Thomas Couvreur, the botanist who first formally described the species, named it after its spear shaped inner petals.

<i>Monodora junodii</i> Species of plant in the family Annonaceae

Monodora junodii is a species of plant in the family Annonaceae. It is native to Eswatini, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, South Africa, Tanzania, and Zimbabwe. Heinrich Gustav Adolf Engler and Ludwig Diels, the German botanists who first formally described the species, named it after Henri-Alexandre Junod, the Swiss missionary and scientist who collected the specimen that they examined.

<i>Monodora laurentii</i> Species of plant in the family Annonaceae

Monodora laurentii is a species of plant in the family Annonaceae. It is native to the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Gabon, and the Republic of the Congo. Émile De Wildeman, the Belgian botanist who first formally described the species, named it after Marcel Laurent, the Belgian botanist who collected many plant specimens in the regions along the Congo River.

<i>Monodora minor</i> Species of plant in the family Annonaceae

Monodora minor is a species of plant in the family Annonaceae. It is native to Mozambique and Tanzania. Heinrich Gustav Adolf Engler and Ludwig Diels, the German botanists who first formally described the species, do not explicitly explain the specific epithet but it is among the smaller members of the genus which includes species that reach heights of 30-40 meters.

<i>Monodora stenopetala</i> Species of plant in the family Annonaceae

Monodora stenopetala is a species of plant in the family Annonaceae. It is native to Malawi and Mozambique. Daniel Oliver, the English botanist who first formally described the species, named it after its narrow petals.

<i>Monodora tenuifolia</i> Species of plant in the family Annonaceae

Monodora tenuifolia is a species of plant in the family Annonaceae. It is native to equatorial Africa. George Bentham, the English botanist who first formally described the species, named it after its slender leaves.

<i>Monodora undulata</i> Species of plant in the family Annonaceae

Monodora undulata is a species of plant in the family Annonaceae. It is native to Cameroon, the Central African Republic, Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Nigeria and Sierra Leone. Palisot de Beauvois the botanist and entomologist who first formally described the species using the basionym Xylopia undulata, named it after the wavy margins of its petals.

<i>Monodora angolensis</i> Species of plant in the family Annonaceae

Monodora angolensis is a species of plant in the family Annonaceae. It is native to Angola, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Ivory Coast, Nigeria, Republic of the Congo, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia and Zaire. Friedrich Welwitsch, the Austrian botanist who first formally described the species, named it after Angola where he found it growing near the town of Pungo-Andongo.

<i>Neostenanthera gabonensis</i> Species of plant in the family Annonaceae

Neostenanthera gabonensis is a species of plant in the family Annonaceae. It is native to Cabinda Province, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Liberia, and The Republic of the Congo. Heinrich Gustav Adolf Engler and Ludwig Diels, the German botanists who first formally described the species, using the basionym Oxymitra gabonensis, named it after Gabon where the specimen they examined was found near a site they identified as Sibange-Farm.

<i>Pseuduvaria costata</i> Species of plant in the family Annonaceae

Pseuduvaria costata is a species of plant in the family Annonaceae. It is native to New Guinea. Rudolph Scheffer, the Dutch botanist who first formally described the species using the basionym Orophea costata, named it after its prominently ribbed fruit.

Pseuduvaria fragrans is a species of plant in the family Annonaceae. It is native to Thailand. Yvonne Su, Tanawat Chaowasku and Richard Saunders the botanists who first formally described the species, named it after its strongly fragrant flowers.

<i>Pseuduvaria obliqua</i> Species of plant in the family Annonaceae

Pseuduvaria obliqua is a species of plant in the family Annonaceae. It is native to Borneo. Yvonne Su and Richard Saunders, the botanists who first formally described the species, named it after its slightly uneven leaf bases.

<i>Uvariastrum hexaloboides</i> Species of flowering plant

Uvariastrum hexaloboides is a species of plant in the Annonaceae family. It is native to Tanzania, Zambia and Zaire. Robert Elias Fries, the botanist who first formally described the species using the basionym Uvaria hexaloboides, named it after a different species Hexalobus monopetalus which he thought its flowers and vegetative parts resembled.

<i>Uvariastrum insculptum</i> Species of flowering plant

Uvariastrum insculptum is a species of plant in the Annonaceae. It is native to Cameroon, Gabon, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Nigeria, and the Republic of the Congo. Adolf Engler and Ludwig Diels, the botanists who first formally described the species using the basionym Uvaria insculpta, named it after the secondary veins on its leaves which are distinctly sunken.

<i>Uvariastrum pierreanum</i> Species of flowering plant

Uvariastrum pierreanum is a species of plant in the Annonaceae family. It is native to Cameroon, the Central African Republic, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, the Ivory Coast, Liberia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone and the Republic of the Congo. Adolf Engler, the botanist who first formally described the species, named it after the French botanist Jean Baptiste Louis Pierre.

<i>Xylopia arenaria</i> Species of flowering plant

Xylopia arenaria is a species of plant in the Annonaceae family. It is native to Kenya, and Tanzania. Adolf Engler, the botanist who first formally described the species, named it after its growth in sandy places.

References

  1. ↑ Cosiaux, A.; Couvreur, T.L.P.; Erkens, R.H.J. (2019). "Monodora crispata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T132683216A133046245. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T132683216A133046245.en . Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  2. ↑ "Monodora crispata Engl". Plants of the World Online. The Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. n.d. Retrieved April 8, 2019.
  3. ↑ Stearn, William (2004). Botanical Latin. Portland, Ore. Newton Abbot: Timber Press David & Charles. ISBN   9780881926279.
  4. 1 2 Engler, Adolf (1899). "Anonaceae". Notizblatt des Königlichen Botanischen Gartens und Museums zu Berlin (in German and Latin). 2 (17): 292–302.
  5. 1 2 3 4 Couvreur, Thomas L. P. (2009). "Monograph of the Syncarpous African Genera Isolona and Monodora (Annonaceae)". Systematic Botany Monographs. 87. American Society of Plant Taxonomists. ISSN   0737-8211. JSTOR   25592354.
  6. ↑ Hutchinson, J.; Dalziel, J.M.; Keay, R.W.J.; Hepper, F.N. (2014). The Flora of West Tropical Africa. Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. p. 35. OL   25442466M.
  7. 1 2 3 Kablan, Landry; Dade, Jöel; Okpekon, Timothée; Roblot, François; Djakouré, Léon A.; Champy, Pierre (2013-02-01). "Alkaloids from the leaves of Monodora crispata Engl. and Diels and M. brevipes Benth. (Annonaceae)". Biochemical Systematics and Ecology. 46: 162–165. doi:10.1016/j.bse.2012.09.024. ISSN   0305-1978.


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