Monterey AVA

Last updated

Monterey
Wine region
TTB Map Monterey AVA.png
Type American Viticultural Area
Year established1984 [1]
1987 Amended [2]
Years of wine industry254 [1]
CountryUnited States
Part of California, Central Coast AVA, Monterey County
Other regions in California, Central Coast AVA, Monterey County Chalone AVA, Carmel Valley AVA, Gabilan Mountains AVA, San Antonio Valley AVA
Sub-regions Arroyo Seco AVA, Hames Valley AVA, San Bernabe AVA, San Lucas AVA, Santa Lucia Highlands AVA
Climate region Regions I-IV [3]
Heat units 57 to 60 °F (14–16 °C) [4]
Precipitation (annual average)10 to 16 in (254–406 mm) [4]
Soil conditionsArroyo Seco, Chualar, Danville, Elder, Garey, Greenfield, Gloria, Lockwood, Metz, Oceano, Pico, Placentia, Rincon, Tujunga series [4]
Total area1,825 square miles (1,168,000 acres) [5]
Size of planted vineyards40,000 acres (16,000 ha) [6]
Grapes produced Albarino, Alvarelhao, Cabernet Sauvignon, Chardonnay, Chenin blanc, Gewurztraminer, Grenache, Malbec, Malvasia, Merlot, Orange Muscat, Petite Sirah, Pinot blanc, Pinot gris, Pinot noir, Riesling, Roussanne, Sangiovese, Sauvignon blanc, Semillon, Souzao, Syrah, Tannat, Tinta Cao, Touriga Nacional, Valdiguie, Viognier, Zinfandel [7]

Monterey is an American Viticultural Area (AVA) located in eastern Monterey County, California. It was recognized on July 16, 1984 by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms (ATF), Treasury after reviewing the petition submitted by the Monterey Winegrowers Council to establish the "Monterey" viticultural area. [4] The designated area within the multi-county Central Coast AVA expands almost the entire length of the county from the Monterey Bay southern shoreline to the Salinas river valley framed by the Santa Lucia, Sierra de Salinas and Gabilan Ranges stretching north-south for about 100 miles (160 km) from Watsonville to its southern point, abutting the town of Paso Robles in San Luis Obispo County. Monterey AVA expands approximately 360,000 acres (560 sq mi) with about 40,000 acres (16,000 ha) of cultivated vineyards. [6] The AVA includes parts of the Carmel and the Salinas valleys containing five smaller American viticultural areas: Arroyo Seco, Hames Valley, San Bernabe, San Lucas and Santa Lucia Highlands. The northern portion is a cool growing region with a very long growing season. Daytime temperatures rarely exceed 75 °F (24 °C) in most parts of the region, although the southern segments of the AVA can measure 100 °F (38 °C) at times. [6] The soil is sandy loam and most regions require irrigation from the Salinas River. [7]

Contents

As the largest AVA in Monterey County, the region is home to considerable variations in microclimates and soil types with the dominant soil being loam based. In areas closer to the cold Pacific currents, Pinot Noir, Riesling and Chardonnay are the predominant varieties, while in the warmer inland valleys further south, Bordeaux varietals are most often grown. Chardonnay is the predominate varietal composing approximately 50 percent of the vines in production. [6]

History

“Monterey” is the name of a peninsula, a city, a bay, and a county. The name “Monterey” originated in the days of the Spanish rule of Mexico. In 1602, explorer Sebastian Vizcaino named the bay in honor of the Conde de Monterrey, Spanish viceroy of Mexico. In 1770, the Spanish established Presidio of Monterey and Franciscan friar Junípero Serra founded missions at Jolon, Soledad and Monterey, which are cities in present day Monterey County. Named the capital of Alta California in 1775, Monterey was fortified and became a port of entry and center of Spanish culture in the "New World." Grapes were planted by the Franciscan friars at the mission in Monterey in 1770 and in subsequent years at the missions in Jolon and Soledad. In May 1771, Serra relocated the Monterey mission to land near the mouth of the Carmel River because it was better suited for farming.

After the first commercial plantings of grapes in the early 1960s, the modern era of winegrowing took root and “Monterey” had become recognizable prime viticultural land. By the late 1960s and early 1970s, the quality of some California wines was outstanding but few took notice as the market favored French brands. [8] At the legendary Paris Wine Tasting of 1976 on May 24th, Chalone Vineyard's 1974 Chardonnay ranked 3rd in the white wine category scored by renown French oenophiles. The identical vintage ranked 1st in a repeat event at the San Francisco Wine Tasting of 1978 [9]

During the 1982 Monterey AVA petition, there were approximately 36,000 acres (14,569 ha) devoted to viticulture, 14 registered wineries, a 15th under construction, and three proposed viticultural areas, namely, Arroyo Seco, Carmel Valley and Chalone. In addition to the petition for the “Monterey” viticultural area, ATF received petitions for the establishment of viticultural areas named “King City” and “San Lucas.” Within the boundary of the approved viticultural area encompasses about 640,000 acres (1,000 sq mi) of which 35,500 acres (14,366 ha), approximately 5.5 percent, are devoted to grape growing. The Monterey appellation now boasts over 40,000 acres (16,187 ha) of vinifera wine grapes under cultivation. [1]

Monterey AVA Vineyard J. Lohr Arroyo Seco Vineyard.jpg
Monterey AVA Vineyard

Terroir

The Monterey viticultural area is distinguished from surrounding areas by the composition of its soils, elevation, topography, and the marine influences from the Pacific Ocean, specifically, wind, rainfall, fog and climatic variances. Its valley floors are flat and several miles wide with 1,000 feet (305 m) elevated slopes creating an ideal topography for viticulture. It expands from the southern shores of Monterey Bay to the long valley between the Gabilan and Sierra de Salinas mountains forming a natural funnel, drawing cool air inland from the coast. Fog and cool breezes are a vital part of the Monterey terroir, just as they are further north in Napa and Sonoma valleys. The Salinas is the largest river in the central coast of California and is vital to the success of viticulture in the area as the source for various methods of irrigation by the grape growers in the area. It stretches for 170 miles (274 km), draining a land area of 4,160 square miles (10,800 km2). On its route between the Los Padres National Forest and the Pacific, it passes through Paso Robles and San Lucas before it even reaches the Monterey County line. Once it crosses and flows north of the county border, the river runs through the heart of the Hames Valley, San Bernabe and Arroyo Seco viticultural areas into Monterey AVA. [1] [10]

The weather within Monterey AVA differs from surrounding areas primarily by the sparse rainfall and the marine influences of the Pacific Ocean and Monterey Bay. Compared to surrounding areas, it is relatively dry throughout the growing season with average annual rainfall in the valleys is 10 inches (250 mm) which is lower than in surrounding areas necessitating irrigation. The watersheds of the Santa Lucia, Gabilan, and Diablo ranges provide adequate water through underground aquifers to enable irrigation as well as to satisfy other agricultural requirements. [1]

Intercontinental Monterey - Dec 2018 - Stierch 6.jpg

Wine Industry

The Monterey Winegrowers Council, the petitioner for the viticultural area, summarized the views of its membership and endorsed the alternative boundary proposed by ATF on the basis that geographical features and not existing planting distributions should determine the proposed boundaries. They reported that since the submission of the original petition in May 1982, the acreage planted to wine grapes in Monterey County had increased from 31,632 to 35,758 acres (12,801 to 14,471 ha). They agreed with ATF’s proposal to exclude the approved Chalone viticultural area on the basis that its elevation locates it in a different climate zone. With the exception of Carmel Valley, ATF concured with the petitioner. ATF found that the Carmel Valley viticultural area has features which are more similar to the Chalone viticultural area than to those distinguishing grapes grown in the generally lowland Monterey area. These comments were best summarized in the statement of one commenter that “when comparing grape growing areas within the proposed Monterey viticultural area, several areas possess micro-climatological and mino-geological characteristics that offer subtle influences on grape growing practices.” ATF agreed it was consistent with established agency policy pertaining to the establishment of boundaries for viticultural areas to include subareas having minor differences in climate and geology. [1] Chardonnay is the predominate varietal throughout this region, accounting for more than 50 percent of the vines currently in production.. In its cooler northern area, Riesling and Pinot Noir are popular, while in the warmer southern inland valleys, Bordeaux varietals like Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot, Rhone-styles like Syrah and Petite Sirah, and even some Zinfandel are mostly grown. [6]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Carmel Valley AVA</span> American Viticultural Area in California

Carmel Valley is an American Viticultural Area (AVA) located in Monterey County, California, southeast of Carmel-by-the-Sea and it is one of the ten AVAs in the county. Approximately 100 miles (161 km) south of San Francisco, the AVA was recognized by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms (ATF), Treasury on January 13, 1983 after reviewing the petition submitted by Mr. David Armanasco, General Manager of Durney Vineyard, located in Carmel, to propose a viticultural area named “Carmel Valley.”

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chalone Vineyard</span> American vineyard located in California

Chalone Vineyard is located in the Chalone AVA south of San Francisco, California, United States, on an unusual geological formation called the Gavilan benchland. The soil is rich in limestone and calcium carbonate and also contains a significant amount of decomposed granite. This soil has a mineral composition similar to the Champagne region of France. Chalone is situated in an arid chaparral environment, in which temperatures can vary as much as 50°F in one day. The climate is very dry, only 12 to 14 inches (360 mm) of rain fall per year. These factors combine to create a unique terroir, the signature profile of a wine growing region.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Arroyo Seco AVA</span> Appelation that designates wine in Monterey County, CA

Arroyo Seco is an American Viticultural Area (AVA) in Monterey County, California, southeast of Monterey Bay. The state's 15th appellation was established on May 16,1983 by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms (ATF), Treasury after reviewing the petition submitted by the Arroyo Seco Winegrowers and Vintners, an association composed of grape growers and vintners with vineyards, to establish a viticultural area within Monterey County known as "Arroyo Seco."

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chalone AVA</span> Appelation that designates wine in Monterey County, CA

Chalone identifies the first American Viticultural Area (AVA) established in Monterey County, California straddling its border with San Benito County where it is the second established AVA. Chalone viticultural area is located in the Gabilan Mountains east of Soledad. It was recognized by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms (ATF) effective on July 14, 1982 after reviewing the petition submitted by the Gavilan Vineyards, Inc. to establish a viticultural area in Monterey and San Benito counties to be named "The Pinnacles." The area encompasses 8,640 acres (14 sq mi) and the proposed name was recognition of the nearby Chalone peaks.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Walla Walla Valley AVA</span> American Viticultural Area (AVA) within Washington state

Walla Walla Valley is an American Viticultural Area (AVA) located within Washington state and extending partly into the northeastern corner of Oregon. The wine region is entirely included within the larger Columbia Valley AVA. In addition to grapes, the area produces sweet onions, wheat and strawberries After the Yakima Valley AVA, the Walla Walla AVA has the second highest concentration of vineyards and wineries in Washington State. Walla Walla hosts about 140 wineries. The area was recognized on March 7, 1984 by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms (ATF), Treasury after reviewing the petition submitted by Mr. Richard L Small, President of the Walla Walla Valley Winegrowers Association, for the establishment of a viticultural area in southeast Washington and northeast Oregon, east of Lake Wallula, to be known as "Walls Walls Valley." At the time, Walla Walla Valley viticultural area was approximately 178,560 acres (279 sq mi) with two bonded wineries and about 60 acres (24 ha) from several vineyards.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Temecula Valley AVA</span> American Viticultural Area in California

Temecula Valley is an American Viticultural Area (AVA) in the Temecula Valley, located in southwestern Riverside County, California against the eastern slopes of the Santa Ana Mountains. It was initially established by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms (ATF), Treasury as "Temecula" on October 23, 1984 based on submitted petitions from by the Rancho Califomia/Temecula Winegrowers Association and Callaway Vineyard and Winery, Temecula, California in 1982. It was renamed "Temecula Valley" by the Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB) in 2004, approving the 2001 petition by Temecula Valley Winegrowers Association. The petition stated the name change would provide a more accurate description of the Temecula geography and greater clarity as to its location for wine consumers and the public. The petition did not request any change to the established AVA boundaries. This was the first American Viticultural Area to change its name after the initial approval. Temecula Valley encompasses 33,000 acres (52 sq mi) and 5,000 acres (8 sq mi) is located in a "protected" area referred to as the Citrus/Vineyard Zone. This area is generally located in and around the Rancho California Road area with Riverside County. County guidelines strictly enforce the number of acres needed to build a winery, lodging and other limited housing and commercial ventures.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Paso Robles AVA</span> Appelation that designates wine in San Luis Obispo County, California

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Central Coast AVA</span>

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">San Lucas AVA</span> Appelation that designates wine in Monterey County, CA

San Lucas is an American Viticultural Area (AVA) located in vicinity of the town of San Lucas between King City and San Ardo in southern Monterey County, California. It lies within the southern end of the fertile Salinas Valley. The appellation was recognized on March 7, 1987 by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms (ATF), Treasury after reviewing the petition submitted by Almadèn Vineyards of San Jose, California, for the establishment of a viticultural area named "San Lucas." Based on the data submitted by the petitioner for vineyards near King City and San Lucas for the 11-year period 1974 to 1984, ATF concluded that the microclimate of the San Lucas Viticultural Area is the chief characteristic which distinguishes the area from other adjoining areas.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Russian River Valley AVA</span> American Viticultural Area in California

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fiddletown AVA</span> Viticultural area in California, USA

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hames Valley AVA</span> Viticultural area in Monterey County, California

Hames Valley is an American Viticultural Area (AVA) in Monterey County, California a few miles from its southern border with San Luis Obispo (SLO) County. The state's 67th appellation was established on April 15,1994 by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms (ATF), Treasury after reviewing the petition submitted by Mr. Barry C. Jackson of the Harmony Wine Company on behalf of Valley Farm Management, Soledad, California, and Mr. Bob Denney & Associates, Visalia, California to establish a viticultural area within Monterey County known as "Hames Valley."

<span class="mw-page-title-main">San Benito AVA</span> Appelation that designates wine in San Benito County, California

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">San Bernabe AVA</span> Appelation that designates wine in Monterey County, CA

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Santa Lucia Highlands AVA</span> Appelation that designates wine in Monterey County, CA

Santa Lucia Highlands is an American Viticultural Area (AVA) located in central Monterey County, California and lies within the boundaries of the larger, elongated Monterey viticultural area. It was recognized by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms {ATF}, Treasury on June 15, 1992 after reviewing the petition from Mr. Barry Jackson of the Harmony Wine Company proposing a viticultural area to be known as "Santa Lucia Highlands."

Los Olivos District AVA is an American Viticultural Area located in Santa Barbara County, California established on January 20, 2016, by the Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB). It straddles the Santa Ynez Valley, formed by the Santa Ynez River, between the Purisima Hills above Solvang. The area encompasses the townships of Los Olivos, Ballard, Santa Ynez and Solvang. State Route 154, known locally as the San Marcos Pass Road or Chumash Highway, bisects the region accessing many of the wineries and vineyards as it traverses toward its destination in Santa Barbara.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Santa Barbara County wine</span> Wine region in California, US

Santa Barbara County wine is an appellation that designates wine made from grapes grown mostly in Santa Barbara County, California which is located approximately 50 miles (80 km) north of Los Angeles County. County names in the United States automatically qualify as legal appellations of origin for wine produced from grapes grown in that county and do not require registration with the Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB) of the Treasury Department. TTB was created in January 2003, when the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms, or ATF, was extensively reorganized under the provisions of the Homeland Security Act of 2002.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">San Luis Obispo Coast AVA</span> Appelation that designates wine in San Luis Obispo County, California

San Luis Obispo Coast and SLO Coast identify the sixteenth American Viticultural Area (AVA) within San Luis Obispo County, California. It was established by the Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB), Treasury on April 8, 2022, becoming the state's 143rd official AVA. The area encompasses over 480,585 acres (750.914 sq mi) nestled between the Santa Lucia mountains and the Pacific coastline stretching about 70 miles (110 km) from Ragged Point southbound on the Pacific Coast Highway (PCH) and Highway 101 to the outskirts of Santa Maria at the intersection of State Highway 166 and Highway 101. It includes the coastal communities of San Simeon, Cambria, Cayucos, Morro Bay, Avila Beach, Pismo Beach, Arroyo Grande and Nipomo while encompassing the county seat of San Luis Obispo. The TTB approved the petition's two names, "San Luis Obispo Coast" and "SLO Coast", to identify the viticultural area's description and wine labeling. The term "SLO" is a historical and commonly used reference for the county and city initials as well as a description of the region's relaxed culture. The new AVA overlaps the previously established Edna Valley and Arroyo Grande Valley viticultural areas. There are over 50 wineries and an estimated 78 commercial vineyards cultivating approximately 3,942 acres (1,595 ha) with a majority of the vineyards located within 6 miles (9.7 km) of the Pacific Ocean defining an area whose grapes and wines represent it. Cool weather varietals like Pinot Noir and Chardonnay are commonly grown while lesser varietals Sauvignon Blanc, Gewürztraminer and Gruner Veltliner also thrive.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Monterey County wine</span> Appelation that designates wine in Monterey County, CA

Monterey County wine is a appellation that designates wine made from grapes grown in Monterey County, California which lies entirely within the expansive multi-county Central Coast viticultural area. County names in the United States automatically qualify as legal appellations of origin for wine produced from grapes grown in that county and do not require registration with the Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB). TTB was created in January 2003, when the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms, or ATF, was extensively reorganized under the provisions of the Homeland Security Act of 2002.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gabilan Mountains AVA</span> Appelation that designates wine in Monterey County, CA

Gabilan Mountains is an American Viticultural Area (AVA) located in the mountainous region on the border in Monterey and San Benito Counties in California. It is the tenth and newest AVA established in Monterey County by the Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB) on September 14, 2022, becoming the state's 147th official AVA after the TTB reviewed the petition from Parker Allen of Coastview Vineyards, proposing to establish the "Gabilan Mountains" viticultural area. Gabilan Mountains encompasses about 98,000 acres (153 sq mi) including the established Mt. Harlan and Chalone AVAs, and resident to 4 wineries and 6 commercial vineyards cultivating approximately 436 acres (176 ha). The average elevation within the region is 2,370 feet (722 m) placing it above the heavy fog and marine layer. As a result, Gabilan Mountains AVA has a cool air climate without the humidity from the fog and low-lying clouds.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Alcohol; the Monterey Viticultural Area" (27 CFR 9 [T.D. ATF-177 Re:Notice No. 490] Final Rule). Federal Register . 49 (117). Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms, Department of the Treasury: 24714–24720. June 15, 1984.PD-icon.svg This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  2. ↑ "§9.98 [Amended]" (Rules and Regulations). Federal Register. 52 (39). Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms: 5290. February 27, 1987. Retrieved October 4, 2024.PD-icon.svg This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  3. ↑ "Monterey County" (California Wines Local Terroir). Capstone California. Wine Institute. 2024.
  4. 1 2 3 4 "Petition For Monterey Viticultural Area" (PDF). TTB.gov. Monterey Winegrowers Council. May 14, 1982. Retrieved October 4, 2024.PD-icon.svg This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain .
  5. ↑ "Establishment of the Monterey Viticultural Area" (27 CFR Part 9 [Notice No. 494] Notice to proposing rule). Federal Register . 48 (225). Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms, Department of the Treasury: 52597–52602. November 21, 1983.PD-icon.svg This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 "Monterey Wine Country" (AVA’s (American Viticultural Area)). Monterey County Vintners and Growers Association. 2021.
  7. 1 2 "Monterey (AVA): Appellation Profile". Appellation America. 2007. Archived from the original on July 6, 2008. Retrieved January 24, 2008.
  8. ↑ Peterson, Thane (May 8, 2001). "The Day California Wines Came of Age". Business Week. Archived from the original (Movable Feast) on October 18, 2007. Retrieved July 19, 2006.
  9. ↑ "Our History". Chalone Vineyard. September 13, 2013. The oldest producing vineyard in Monterey County, Chalone Vineyard Estate rests on the Gavilan Mountain Range on the north slope of Chalone Peak
  10. ↑ "Monterey Wine". Wine-Searcher. 2020.

36°20′47″N121°17′52″W / 36.34631°N 121.29791°W / 36.34631; -121.29791

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