Mrakia

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Mrakia
Mrakia arctica (10.3897-mycokeys.74.53433) Figure 3.jpg
Teliospores of Mrakia arctica under microscope
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Basidiomycota
Class: Tremellomycetes
Order: Cystofilobasidiales
Family: Mrakiaceae
Genus: Mrakia
Y. Yamada & Komag. (1987)
Type species
Mrakia frigida
(Fell, Statzell, I.L. Hunter & Phaff) Y. Yamada & Komag. (1987)
Species

Mrakia aquatica
Mrakia arctica
Mrakia blollopis
Mrakia cryoconiti
Mrakia fibulata
Mrakia frigida
Mrakia hoshinonis
Mrakia montana
Mrakia niccombsii
Mrakia panshiensis
Mrakia psychrophila
Mrakia robertii
Mrakia soli
Mrakia stelviica
Mrakia terrae

Synonyms

MrakiellaMargesin & Fell (2008)

Mrakia is a genus of fungi in the order Cystofilobasidiales. [1] The genus comprises yeasts, some of which have a hyphal state forming teliospores from which basidia arise. Mrakia species are typically psychrophilic, many originally isolated from glaciers and frigid environments, [2] [3] and are capable of low-temperature fermentation, making them of potential interest in brewing [4] and bioremediation. [5]

The genus was named after the American microbiologist Emil M. Mrak. [6]

The genus Mrakiella was proposed for the anamorphic (yeast) state of Mrakia. Following changes to the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants, however, the practice of giving different names to teleomorph and anamorph forms of the same fungus was discontinued, meaning that Mrakiella became a synonym of the earlier name Mrakia. [1]

Related Research Articles

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Leucosporidium is a genus of fungi in the subdivision Pucciniomycotina. The genus comprises fungi that are mostly known from their yeast states, though some produce hyphal states in culture that give rise to teliospores from which auricularioid basidia emerge. Species known only from their anamorphic yeast states were formerly referred to the genus Leucosporidiella, but, following changes to the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants, the practice of giving different names to teleomorph and anamorph forms of the same fungus was discontinued, meaning that Leucosporidiella became a synonym of the earlier name Leucosporidium. Species have been isolated predominantly from cold environments and are regarded as psychrotolerant.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kriegeriales</span> Order of fungi

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Mrakia frigida is a species of fungus in the order Cystofilobasidiales. The species occurs in both a yeast and hyphal state, the latter producing teliospores from which basidia emerge. It was originally isolated in its yeast state from Antarctic snow.

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<i>Phaeotremella</i> Genus of fungi

Phaeotremella is a genus of fungi in the family Phaeotremellaceae. All Phaeotremella species are parasites of other fungi and produce anamorphic yeast states. Basidiocarps, when produced, are gelatinous and are colloquially classed among the "jelly fungi". Fifteen or so species of Phaeotremella are currently recognized worldwide. Tremella sanguinea, shown to be a Phaeotremella species by DNA sequencing, is cultivated in China as an ingredient in traditional Chinese medicine.

The Holtermanniales are an order in the fungal class Tremellomycetes. The order contains two genera. Species of Holtermannia produce groups of horn-like gelatinous basidiocarps on wood and have associated yeast states. Species of Holtermaniella are only known as yeasts.

<i>Naematelia</i> Genus of fungi

Naematelia is a genus of fungi in the family Naemateliaceae. All Naematelia species are parasites of other fungi and produce anamorphic yeast states. When produced, Basidiocarps ,, are gelatinous and are colloquially classed among the "jelly fungi."Four species of Naematelia are currently recognized worldwide. One species, Naematelia aurantialba, is commercially cultivated for food.

Pseudotremella is a genus of fungi in the family Bulleraceae. All Pseudotremella species are parasites of other fungi and produce anamorphic yeast states. Basidiocarps, when produced, are gelatinous and are colloquially classed among the "jelly fungi". Four species of Pseudotremella are currently recognized worldwide. Two of these species are, as yet, only known from their yeast states.

Solicoccozyma is a genus of fungi in the family Piskurozymaceae. Species have only been isolated in their yeast states, several of which were formerly referred to the genus Cryptococcus, but can produce filamentous states with basidia in culture. Nine species have been described worldwide.

Jianyuniaceae is a family of fungi in the order Agaricostilbales. The family contains three genera. Species are known only from their yeast states.

The Spiculogloeales are an order of fungi in the subdivision Pucciniomycotina of the Basidiomycota. The order is currently monotypic, consisting of a single family, the Spiculogloeaceae. Species in the genus Phyllozyma are currently known only from their yeast states. Species in the genus Spiculogloea form hyphal states that produce auricularioid basidia and are parasitic on other fungi.

<i>Phaffia</i> Genus of fungi

Phaffia is a genus of fungi in the order Cystofilobasidiales. The genus comprises orange-red yeasts that form basidia directly from yeast cells, lack hyphae throughout their life cycle, and produce astaxanthin, a carotenoid used as an additive in animal feed to enhance colour in shrimp, salmon, and poultry eggs and also as an antioxidant in dietary supplements.

Cystobasidium is a genus of fungi in the order Cystobasidiales. The type species is a fungal parasite forming small gelatinous basidiocarps on various ascomycetous fungi on dung. Microscopically, it has auricularioid basidia producing basidiospores that germinate by budding off yeast cells. Other species are known only from their yeast states. The yeasts Cystobasidium minutum and C. calyptogenae are rare but known human pathogens.

Cystobasidium fimetarium is a species of fungus in the order Cystobasidiales. It is a fungal parasite forming small gelatinous basidiocarps on various ascomycetous fungi on dung. Microscopically, it has auricularioid basidia producing basidiospores that germinate by budding off yeast cells. The species is known from Europe and North America.

The Camptobasidiaceae are a family of fungi in the subdivision Pucciniomycotina. The family currently comprises two genera, one of which (Camptobasidium) contains an aquatic, hyphal species with auricularioid basidia. The other genus contains species currently known only from their yeast states.

References

  1. 1 2 Liu XZ, Wang QM, Göker M, Groenewald M, Kachalkin AV, Lumbsch HT, Millanes AM, Wedin M, Yurkov AM, Boekhout T, Bai FY (2015). "Towards an integrated phylogenetic classification of the Tremellomycetes". Studies in Mycology. 81: 85–147. doi: 10.1016/j.simyco.2015.12.001 . PMC   4777781 .
  2. Thomas-Hall SR, Turchetti B, Buzzini P, Branda E, Boekhout T, Theelen B, Watson K (2010). "Cold-adapted yeasts from Antarctica and the Italian Alps - description of three novel species: Mrakia robertii sp. nov., Mrakia blollopis sp. nov. and Mrakiella niccombsii sp. nov". Extremophiles. 14: 47–59. doi:10.1007/s00792-009-0286-7. PMC   2797416 . PMID   19898737.
  3. Tsuji M, Tanabe Y, Vincent WF, Uchida M (2018). "Mrakia arctica sp. nov., a new psychrophilic yeast isolated from an ice island in the Canadian High Arctic". Mycoscience. 59 (1): 54–58. doi:10.1016/j.myc.2017.08.006.
  4. Turchetti B, De Francesco G, Mugnai G, Sileoni V, Alfeo V, Buzzini P, Yurkov A, Marconi O (2023). "Species and temperature-dependent fermentative aptitudes of Mrakia genus for innovative brewing". Food Research International. 170. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113004 .
  5. Tsuji M, Yokota Y, Kudoh S, Hoshino T (2015). "Comparative analysis of milk fat decomposition activity by Mrakia spp. isolated from Skarvsnes ice-free area, East Antarctica". Cryobiology. 70 (3): 293–296. doi:10.1016/j.cryobiol.2015.04.002. PMID   25862934.
  6. Yamada Y, Komagata K (1987). "Mrakia gen. nov., a heterobasidiomycetous yeast genus for the Q8-equipped, self-sporulating organisms which produce a unicellular metabasidium, formerly classified in the genus Leucosporidium". J Gen Appl Microbiol. 33: 455–457.