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The Crambidae are the grass moth family of lepidopterans. They are variable in appearance, the nominal subfamily Crambinae taking up closely folded postures on grass stems where they are inconspicuous, while other subfamilies include brightly coloured and patterned insects which rest in wing-spread attitudes.
The Pyralidae, commonly called pyralid moths, snout moths or grass moths, are a family of Lepidoptera in the ditrysian superfamily Pyraloidea. In many classifications, the grass moths (Crambidae) are included in the Pyralidae as a subfamily, making the combined group one of the largest families in the Lepidoptera. The latest review by Eugene G. Munroe and Maria Alma Solis, in Kristensen (1999) retains the Crambidae as a full family of Pyraloidea.
The Pyraloidea are a moth superfamily containing about 16,000 described species worldwide, and probably at least as many more remain to be described. They are generally fairly small moths, and as such, they have been traditionally associated with the paraphyletic Microlepidoptera.
Carposinidae, the "fruitworm moths", is a family of insects in the order Lepidoptera. These moths are narrower winged than Copromorphidae, with less rounded forewing tips. Males often have conspicuous patches of scales on either surface. The mouthparts are quite diagnostic, usually with prominent, upcurved "labial palps", the third segment long, and the second segment covered in large scales. Unlike Copromorphidae, the "M2" and sometimes "M1" vein on the hindwings is absent. The relationship of Carposinidae relative to Copromorphidae needs further investigation. It is considered possible that the family is artificial, being nested within Copromorphidae. The Palearctic species have been revised by Alexey Diakonoff (1989).
Hyblaeidae are the "teak moths", a family of insects in the Lepidopteran order. The two genera with about 18 species make up one of the two families of the Hyblaeoidea superfamily, which in the past has been included in the Pyraloidea. Recent phylogenetic studies find varying relationships of Hyblaeoidea among Ditrysian Lepidoptera: Mutanen et al. (2010) find the superfamily to group either with Pyraloidea, or – more often – with Thyridoidea or butterflies. The results of Wahlberg et al. (2013) and Heikilä et al. (2015) indicate a sister-group relationship with Pyraloidea.
Spilomelinae is a very species-rich subfamily of the lepidopteran family Crambidae, the crambid snout moths. With 4,132 described species in 340 genera worldwide, it is the most speciose group among pyraloids.
The Pyralinae are the typical subfamily of snout moths and occur essentially worldwide, in some cases aided by involuntary introduction by humans. They are rather rare in the Americas however, and their diversity in the Australian region is also limited. Altogether, this subfamily includes about 900 described species, but new ones continue to be discovered. Like many of their relatives in the superfamily Pyraloidea, the caterpillar larvae of many Pyralinae – and in some cases even the adults – have evolved the ability to use unusual foods for nutrition; a few of these can become harmful to humans as pests of stored goods.
The Phycitinae are a subfamily of snout moths. Even though the Pyralidae subfamilies are all quite diverse, Phycitinae stand out even by standards of their family: with over 600 genera considered valid and more than 4000 species placed here at present, they unite up more than three-quarters of living snout moth diversity. Together with the closely related Epipaschiinae, they are apparently the most advanced lineage of snout moths.
The Galleriinae are a subfamily of snout moths and occur essentially worldwide, in some cases aided by involuntary introduction by humans. This subfamily includes the wax moths, whose caterpillars (waxworms) are bred on a commercial scale as food for pets and as fishing bait; in the wild, these and other species of Galleriinae may also be harmful to humans as pests.
The Phycitini are a tribe of moths of the family Pyralidae.
Mussidia is a genus of snout moths described by Émile Louis Ragonot in 1888.
Mussidia fiorii is a species of snout moth in the genus Mussidia. It was described by G. Cecconi and Joseph de Joannis in 1911 and is known from Eritrea.
Mussidia irisella is a species of snout moth in the genus Mussidia. It was described by Achille Guenée in 1862 and is known from Réunion and Mauritius.
Mussidia melanoneura is a species of snout moth in the genus Mussidia. It was described by Émile Louis Ragonot in 1893. It is found in South Africa and Madagascar.
Mussidia nigrolineella is a species of snout moth in the genus Mussidia. It was described by Roesler and Küppers in 1981, and is known from Sumatra, Indonesia.
Mussidia pectinicornella is a species of snout moth in the genus Mussidia. It was described by George Hampson in 1896. It is found in southern and south-eastern Asia from Bhutan to New Guinea, in Australia and Fiji, Taiwan, Japan, southern Europe and in Réunion.
Mussidia physostigmatis is a species of snout moth in the genus Mussidia. It was described by Ragonot in 1893, and is known from Nigeria.
Pseudoceroprepes semipectinella is a species of snout moth. It was described by Achille Guenée in 1862.
Tirathaba mundella, the oil palm bunch moth, is a species of snout moth. It is found in Malaysia.
References
- ↑ "World Pyraloidea Database". Globiz.pyraloidea.org. Retrieved 2011-09-29.
- ↑ Afro Moths
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