Mycobacteroides

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Mycobacteroides
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Bacteria
Phylum: Actinomycetota
Class: Actinomycetia
Order: Mycobacteriales
Family: Mycobacteriaceae
Genus: Mycobacteroides
Gupta et al. 2018 [1]
Type species
Mycobacteroides abscessus
(Moore and Frerichs 1953) Gupta et al. 2018
Species [2]
Synonyms [3]
  • M. chelonae–M. abscessus group (MCAG)
  • Mycobacterium chelonae–abscessus complex (MCAC)

Mycobacteroides is a genus of Gram-Positive rod-shaped bacteria in the family Mycobacteriaceae from the order Mycobacteriales. [1]

Contents

Members of Mycobacteroides were demarcated from the larger genus Mycobacterium in 2018 by Gupta et al. based on evidence from various phylogenetic trees constructed based on conserved genome sequences, comparative genomic analyses and average amino acid identity values. [1] In addition to this genus, the study proposed the division of Mycobacterium into a total of five distinct genera, which was met with some resistance by some of the scientific community. The resistance was based on the grounds that Mycobacterium contains some clinically relevant species and name changes might cause confusion among clinicians and other researchers. [4]

In 2020, Yamada et al. analyzed the fundamental morphological properties of the new genera, including the cell diameter, cell length, cell perimeter, cell circularity and aspect ratio, and determined that there were significant differences between the five genera, thus supporting the new division. [5]

The name Mycobacteroides is derived from the Latin noun Mycobacterium (referring to the bacterial genus) and the Latin suffix "-oides" (translates to "resembling"). Together the name refers to a genus resembling Mycobacterium. [1]

Biochemical characteristics and molecular signatures

Members of Mycobacteroides are rapidly growing bacteria, forming colonies in less than seven days. Some characteristics of this genus include: negative for nitrate reductase, iron uptake and demonstrating resistance to polymyxin B. The optimal loath temperature is at 30 °C, although growth can occur at 35 °C. Members also demonstrate a positive result for the 3 day arylsulfatase test. The genome size for Mycobacteroides species are between 4.5 and 5.6 Mbp, and their G+C content is between 63.9 and 64.8 mol%. Some species are pathogenic and demonstrated to be involved in infections of the lung, skin and soft tissues. In addition, some species are also resistant to several antimicrobial drugs.

27 conserved signature indels (CSIs) were identified as uniquely present in this genus in proteins such as: DEAD/DEAH box helicase, anion transporter, a membrane protein, nicotinate-nucleotide adenylyltransferase, CoA ester lyase, uracil phosphoribosyltransferase, L-histidine N(alpha)-methyltransferase, DUF58 domain-containing protein, NADH-quinone oxidoreducatase subunit G, ATP-dependent helicase, tRNA (cytidine(34)-2′-O)-methyltransferase, glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate transaminase (isomerizing), error-prone DNA polymerase, and 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyldihydropteridine diphosphokinase. [1] These molecular signatures were identified through analyses of genome sequences from Mycobacteroides species and provides a reliable molecular method for distinguishing this genus from theoretical other genera within the family Mycobacteriaceae and all other bacteria. Additionally, 24 unique conserved signature proteins (CSPs) were identified for this genus. [1]

Whole-genome sequencing is the best way to distinguish members of this genus from each other. [6]

Phylogeny

The phylogeny of Mycobacteroides is based on whole-genome analysis. [1]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mycobacteriaceae</span> Family of bacteria

Mycobacteriaceae is a family of bacteria in the phylum Actinomycetota. Its name is derived from the Mycobacterium genus, which includes pathogens known to cause serious diseases in mammals, including tuberculosis and leprosy in humans. The Greek prefix myco- means 'fungus', alluding to this genus' mold-like colony surfaces.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bacteroidota</span> Phylum of Gram-negative bacteria

The phylum Bacteroidota is composed of three large classes of Gram-negative, nonsporeforming, anaerobic or aerobic, and rod-shaped bacteria that are widely distributed in the environment, including in soil, sediments, and sea water, as well as in the guts and on the skin of animals.

<i>Mycobacterium smegmatis</i> Species of bacterium

Mycobacterium smegmatis is an acid-fast bacterial species in the phylum Actinomycetota and the genus Mycobacterium. It is 3.0 to 5.0 μm long with a bacillus shape and can be stained by Ziehl–Neelsen method and the auramine-rhodamine fluorescent method. It was first reported in November 1884, who found a bacillus with the staining appearance of tubercle bacilli in syphilitic chancres. Subsequent to this, Alvarez and Tavel found organisms similar to that described by Lustgarten also in normal genital secretions (smegma). This organism was later named M. smegmatis.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bifidobacteriaceae</span> Family of bacteria

The Bifidobacteriaceae are the only family of bacteria in the order Bifidobacteriales. According to the 16S rRNA-based LTP release 106 published by 'The All-Species Living Tree' Project, the order Bifidobacteriales is a clade nested within the suborder Micrococcineae, also the genus Bifidobacterium is paraphyletic to the other genera within the family, i.e. the other genera are nested within Bifidobacterium.

Mycolicibacterium aubagnense is a species of the phylum Actinomycetota, belonging to the genus Mycolicibacterium.

Mycobacteroides chelonae is a species of bacteria from the phylum Actinomycetota belonging to the genus Mycobacteroides. Mycobacteroides chelonae is a rapidly growing mycobacterium that is found all throughout the environment, including sewage and tap water. It can occasionally cause opportunistic infections of humans. It is grouped in Runyon group IV.

Mycobacteroides immunogenum is a species of bacteria from the phylum Actinomycetota, belonging to the genus Mycobacteroides.

Mycolicibacter kumamotonensis is a species of bacteria.
Etymology: kumamotonensis, pertaining to Kumamoto Prefecture in Japan, where the type strain was isolated.

Mycolicibacterium is a genus of Gram-positive rod-shaped bacteria in the family Mycobacteriaceae from the order Mycobacteriales.

Planococcus is a genus of Gram-Positive or Gram-variable, cocci or short rod-shaped bacteria in the family Caryophanaceae from the order Caryophanales. The type species of this genus is Planococcus citreus.

Mycolicibacter is a genus of gram-positive rod-shaped bacteria in the family Mycobacteriaceae from the order Mycobacteriales.

Mycolicibacillus is a genus of Gram-Positive rod-shaped bacteria in the family Mycobacteriaceae from the order Mycobacteriales.

Mycolicibacillus koreensis is a slow-growing, non-chromogenic species of Mycolicibacillus originally isolated from the sputum of a human patient. It grows at temperatures from 25 to 37 °C and is susceptible to quinolones. The genome of M. koreensis contains a tRNA array that contains a long non-coding RNA called GOLDD.

Mycobacteroides franklinii is a species of bacteria from the phylum Actinomycetota belonging to the genus Mycobacteroides. Most of the original strains were isolated from clinical specimens in Pennsylvania, but some have been found in conduit water in the Netherlands. In general, human M. franklinii infections present with symptoms similar to an infection with Mycobacteroides abscessus, but it can also be associated with tattoo infections. M. franklinii is also associated with outbreaks of mycobacteriosis in farmed fish. M. fanklinii is susceptible to cefoxitin and bedaquiline.

Mycobacteroides saopaulense is a species of bacteria from the phylum Actinomycetota belonging to the genus Mycobacteroides that was first isolated from a human patient undergoing LASIK surgery. It has also been isolated from turtles and cows. A strain isolated from mangroves has been demonstrated to produce clavulanic acid and streptomycin. The genome of M. saopaulense contains a tRNA array that contains a long non-coding RNA called GOLDD. M. saopaulense is susceptible to amikacin, kanamycin, and clarithromycin.

Mycolicibacter engbaekii is a species of bacteria from the phylum Actinomycetota. It is susceptible to amikacin, clarithromycin, ethambutol, linezolid, and rifabutin. It has also been recovered from African tuberculosis patients, water treatment plant sludge, and dairy cattle.

"Mycolicibacter virginiensis" is a species of bacteria from the phylum Actinomycetota. It is susceptible to clarithromycin, ethambutol, rifabutin, and TMP-SMX. It has been isolated from cases of tenosynovitis, swine farm mud, bovine feces, sputum, and diseased dromedaries.

"Mycolicibacter sinensis" is a species of bacteria from the phylum Actinomycetota that was isolated from a human manifesting tuberculosis-like disease. It is susceptible to ethambutol but is resistant to most other anti-tuberculosis drugs. It has also been isolated from domestic and wild animals.

Mycolicibacter minnesotensis is a species of bacteria from the phylum Actinomycetota that was first isolated from a sphagnum peat bog. It is pink-pigmented and grows at 27–34 °C. It has also been isolated from fresh produce and water treatment plant sludge.

Mycolicibacter paraterrae is a species of bacteria from the phylum Actinomycetota that was first isolated from the sputum of a patient with an unspecified pulmonary infection. It forms orange colonies when grown in the dark and grows slowly at 25–37 °C. It has also been isolated from

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Gupta, Radhey S.; Lo, Brian; Son, Jeen (2018-02-13). "Phylogenomics and Comparative Genomic Studies Robustly Support Division of the Genus Mycobacterium into an Emended Genus Mycobacterium and Four Novel Genera". Frontiers in Microbiology. 9: 67. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00067 . ISSN   1664-302X. PMC   5819568 . PMID   29497402.
  2. ↑ Euzéby JP, Parte AC. "Mycobacteroides". List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN). Retrieved June 25, 2022.
  3. ↑ Richardson, E. T.; Samson, D.; Banaei, N. (May 2009). "Rapid Identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and nontuberculous mycobacteria by multiplex, real-time PCR". J. Clin. Microbiol. 47 (5): 1497–502. doi:10.1128/JCM.01868-08. PMC   2681835 . PMID   19297596.
  4. ↑ Tortoli, Enrico; Brown-Elliott, Barbara A.; Chalmers, James D.; Cirillo, Daniela M.; Daley, Charles L.; Emler, Stefan; Floto, R. Andres; Garcia, Maria J.; Hoefsloot, Wouter; Koh, Won-Jung; Lange, Christoph (2019-07-01). "Same meat, different gravy: Ignore the new names of mycobacteria". European Respiratory Journal. 54 (1). doi: 10.1183/13993003.00795-2019 . ISSN   0903-1936. PMID   31296783. S2CID   195893005.
  5. ↑ Yamada, Hiroyuki; Chikamatsu, Kinuyo; Aono, Akio; Murata, Kazuyoshi; Miyazaki, Naoyuki; Kayama, Yoko; Bhatt, Apoorva; Fujiwara, Nagatoshi; Maeda, Shinji; Mitarai, Satoshi (2020). "Fundamental Cell Morphologies Examined With Cryo-TEM of the Species in the Novel Five Genera Robustly Correlate With New Classification in Family Mycobacteriaceae". Frontiers in Microbiology. 11: 562395. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.562395 . ISSN   1664-302X. PMC   7701246 . PMID   33304323.
  6. ↑ Nogueira CL, de Almeida LGP, Menendez MC, Garcia MJ, Digiampietri LA, Chimara E, Cnockaert M, Palomino JC, Portaels F, Martin A, Vandamme P, Leão SC. (2017). "Characterization of Mycobacterium chelonae-Like Strains by Comparative Genomics". Front Microbiol. 8: 789. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00789 . PMC   5420552 . PMID   28533767.
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